Eyona ezinamandla ngexabiso ehlabathini. enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa "uSathana". ukhozi Heavy

Kwisiqingatha sesibini Apreli 2000 kuye ozinzisiweyo ngenxa yesivumelwano Russia kwi ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zovavanyo izixhobo zenyukliya. Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje ngayo Cold War sele akukho into enkulu, kwaye ngoko phambi kwezixhobo qhinga kufuneka intswelo ethile. Noko ke, ukuba abayi ashiya ngokupheleleyo, kwaye nixhobe Russia na enamandla kakhulu kwi-class ihlabathi "umgangatho-to-moya" enomjukujelwa R-36M, nto leyo kwi West wamnika igama eyoyikekayo "uSathana".

Inkcazelo imizili wokuhlolwa

Eyona ezinamandla irula R-36M ehlabathini ezifakwa inkonzo ngo-1975. Ngowe-1983 waba wafakwa kuphuhliso kuguqulelo oluphuculweyo umjukujelwa - R-36M2, leyo kuthiwa "Voivod". imodeli entsha R-36M2 ithathwa enamandla kakhulu ehlabathini. ubunzima bayo ifikelela namakhulu amabini eetoni, kwaye kube kuthelekiswa kuphela kunye nomfanekiso Liberty. Umjukujelwa ine amandla amazing entshabalalo: ukuphehlelelwa kwicandelo enomjukujelwa kuya kuba neziphumo ezifanayo njengoko lishumi lamawaka iziqhushumbisi atomic ezifanayo nezo wawisa kwi eHiroshima. Ukongeza, umjukujelwa yenyukliya inamandla baya kuba bekulungele ukuqala imizuzwana embalwa, nokuba emva kweminyaka emininzi yolondolozo ezintsonkothileyo.

Iimpawu P-36M2

Irula R-36M2 has ezingama ezase ezilishumi kunye umsebenzi homing, amandla nganye 750 kt. Ukuyenza ibonakale ncono indlela enamandla ngayo amandla atshabalalisayo ezi zixhobo, ungenza usithelekise ezabo lehla kwi eHiroshima. umthamo balo kilotons 13-18 kuphela. Umjukujelwa kakhulu ezinamandla IsiRashiya uluhlu kweekhilomitha ezili-11,000. R-36M2 - rocket, ngokusekelwe kwi am, yaye ke ngoku le arsenal Russian.

Umjukujelwa kakhulu ezinamandla weave

enomjukujelwa Intercontinental "uSathana" enobunzima iitoni 211 ka. Isebenza isiqalo ngodaka kwaye ucinezelo kwisigaba-mbini. amafutha Solid kwi Inqanaba lokuqala ulwelo-amafutha kunye - elinesibini. Xa sicinga ethile le abathungi ngexabiso baye benza iinguqu ezithile, okubangela ubunzima yokuqalisa rocket yaqhubeka, imithwalo vibratory efanayo ezivelayo ekuqaleni, bancipha, kwaye amandla nokwanda okunokwenzeka. enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa "uSathana uye" imilinganiselo zilandelayo: ubude - 34,6 yeemitha ubukhulu - iimitha ezi-3. Le yindlela enamandla kakhulu umthwalo isixhobo, ukulwa enomjukujelwa ukusukela iitoni ezili-8.8 ukuya kwi-10, isindululi kungenzeka linoluhlu ukuya ku-16 amawaka eekhilomitha.

Olu luluhlu ogqibeleleyo enomjukujelwa zokhuselo, apho kukho ezizimeleyo kwezinye ngokuzimeleyo targetable zikhali kunye decoys kwinkqubo nganye. "USathana" P-36M njengoko ngexabiso sinamandla kakhulu ehlabathini, ezinxulumene iklasi "lubuye-to-moya", ezidweliswe kwi-Guinness Book of Records. UMdali isixhobo esinamandla M. Yangel. Eyona njongo iphambili ye-Bureau yoyilo phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe uphuhliso enomjukujelwa zahlukeneyo ukuba wayeza kukwazi ukwenza iqela lemisebenzi yaye ninamandla amakhulu yingozi. Xa iimpawu imijukujelwa, ahlangabezana umsebenzi wabo.

Kutheni "uSathana"

inkqubo enomjukujelwa, adalwe abayili yiSoviet yaye axhobe ne-Russia, "uSathana" ebizwa abaseMelika. Ngowe-1973, ngexesha wovavanyo lokuqala, umjukujelwa iye inkqubo enamandla weave, nanto kunye naziphi na izixhobo zenyukliya ngelo xesha. Emva kokudalwa 'uSathana "eSoviet Union akaba saba Ungakhathazeki malunga izixhobo. Inguqulelo yokuqala umjukujelwa sasibhalwe SS-18, inguqulelo elungisiweyo ye-R-36M2 "Voivod" yasungulwa kuphela 80s. Against le sixhobo akakwazi ukwenza nantoni na inkqubo mihla enomjukujelwa wokhuselo yaseMelika. Ngowe-1991, phambi kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR, CB project "Southern" inkqubo yesihlanu-isizukulwana enomjukujelwa yenzelwe "Icarus" R-36M3, kodwa ayizange yenzelwe oko.

Ngoku enzima yesihlanu-generation imijukujelwa ezi eRashiya. Kule sixhobo iza kutyalwa lunempumelelo ezintsha zenzululwazi kunye zobugcisa. Kodwa kufuneka ube nexesha kude kube sekupheleni kuka-2014, ngenxa yokuba ngelo xesha uya yokurhoxiswa kukuba inokuthenjwa, kodwa lixesha "iRhuluneli". iimfuno yamacebo zobugcisa, eliququzelelwa yi-ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoKhuselo kunye nomvelisi imijukujelwa elizayo enjalo weave, kwisakhiwo esitsha izakubekwa inkonzo ngo-2018. Ukudalwa rocket ziya inxaxheba kule Rocket Centre Makeyev kummandla eChelyabinsk. Iingcali athi inkqubo enomjukujelwa entsha unako isiqinisekiso soyise naluphi ukuziphendulela enomjukujelwa, kuquka shoka isithuba lwezintlu.

Okunika Ukhozi Heavy

UElon must (uElon must), ukuba umyili abakhulu CEO of Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX), Aprili 6 thaca Xa begqiba kwizikhankanyo no sungula umhla ogama koyena yokuqalisa isithuthi Falcon kakhulu ehlabathini. Le Abamajelo eendaba namaphephandaba baya kuba koyena irula isithuba ehlabathini, ihamba kuphela kwi-umsebenzi nenyanga irula uSaturn V. Isithuthi omtsha lokwazisa - yinto amathuba amatsha ngokupheleleyo kurhulumente kunye nezorhwebo uqala. Ukuphehlelelwa yokuqala Falcon kakhulu icetyelwe ngo-2014 kwaye iya kuqaliswa ukusuka spaceport kwi Cape Canaveral.

Eyona njongo iphambili yale rocket isigaba-ezimbini Falcon imbi ekurhoxisweni Hewana kwindledlana kunye iziphekepheke omncane anobunzima 53 ngaphezu. Ukuba ngenene medium usenokusebenzisa komzila umhlaba lo nqanawa egcwele ngokupheleleyo "iBoeing" kunye nqanawa, imithwalo, abakhweli kunye namatanki ezipheleleyo zamafutha. Isigaba sokuqala sale rocket iquka iibloko ezintathu, nganye eneyazo Motors ezisithoba. Xa i US Congress zixoxwe kwaye enokudala imijukujelwa qinile eya kukwazi ukuqalisa iitoni 70-130 of payload. Abameli inkampani SpaceX bavumelana ngemfuno lokuyila nokwakha rocket ukuba babe nako ukwenza inani elikhulu lamaphulo iMars ulawulo swi.

isiphelo

bethetha ngokubanzi malunga izixhobo zenyukliya mihla, kunokutshiwo kubizwa kwincopho kwezixhobo zobuchule. Kulungiswe amaziko zenyukliya, ingakumbi enomjukujelwa zinamandla ehlabathini, ekwaziyo ebetha iithagethi kwi umgama omkhulu, ngoxa enomjukujelwa wokhuseleko banokwenza ngokunzulu kuchaphazela ekuhambeni iziganeko. Ukuba United States okanye Russia ugqiba ukusebenzisa indlu yayo enyukliya injongo eyenzelwe yona, oko kuya kukhokelela ekubeni ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kula mazwe, okanye mhlawumbi lonke ihlabathi ephucukile.