Fruits - Fruits le sityalo .... Fruits - Biology

Fruits - itoliki zokuzikhusela zabasebenzi iimbewu izityalo. Basenokuba yinto eyahlukileyo umbala, imilo, ubukhulu kunye ukungcamla, kodwa bonke babe isakhiwo efanayo. Fruits - ukuba imifuno kunye neziqhamo, kunye namaqunube, yaye embewini ezinde namandongomane. Kubonakala ukuba zahluke kakhulu, kodwa ke ezininzi esifana ngazo.

isakhiwo

Fruits - indibanisela kwezinto ezinjongo ukukhusela imbewu ukusuka yemeko ezisingqongileyo kunye nokwandisa amathuba iqhuma. Kwakhona, zenzelwe ukuba ukusasaza imbewu kwi kumgama enkulu. Oku kwenzeka xa umoya, amanzi, izilwanyana. Iziqhamo luqulathe izahlulo amathathu: endocarp, mesocarp kunye ekzokarpiya. Eyokuqala - lo iqokobhe engaphakathi, ukuba ibekwe ecaleni ngqo imbewu (okanye ezimbalwa). Mesocarp - tunica, ekzokarpy - lwangaphandle. Ezi zithinteli ezintathu ezidityanisiweyo pericarp okanye pericarp. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isikhumba imelwe ekzokarpy (kwiziqhamo) okanye iqokobhe (y nut). Endocarp - ntonje inxalenye iziqhamo, edliwayo zizilwanyana kunye nendoda. A mesocarp zingabonakala, umzekelo, njengoko kwiqokobhe emhlophe phakathi yintlama udiliza kwi-orenji. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko le migaqo. Apples, umzekelo, i-endocarp linikwa kwi ngohlobo amacwecwe elubala kufuphi imbewu, nenyama - it mesocarp.

Thelo ezahlukeneyo

Zahlula ngokwamaqela eziliqela, kuxhomekeka kwimbonakalo, ezinye iimpawu zezakhiwo. Fruits - nut namaqunube, yaye imbewu - bonke babe isakhiwo efanayo, kodwa ngaxeshanye kunye eninzi lweeyantlukwano.

ngezigaba

iziqhamo izityalo bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu: omile kwaye iindaba zimnandi. Okwesibini, ngokungafaniyo yokuqala, zibe yintlama. ukuwa Dry zibe polyspermous (korobochkovidnye) kunye yodaka (orehovidnye), eliphambili - kunye kostyankovidnye yagodovidnye. Ngalinye kula maqela idibanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iziqhamo. Kukho izinto ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ngokuba korobochkovidnym ziquka ezo zityalo iziqhamo ezifana bean pod silicle, ibhegi, ibhokisi phetshana. Orehovidnye thaca inani ngokokuma kwento, lionfish, achene, nut nut. Ngu kostyankovidnym usebenza drupe kuphela zimnandi. Yagodovidnye ezinjalo iziqhamo zidibene njengoko berry, melon, apile. Makhe sijonge nganye kwezi zolwimi ngokunzulu.

korobochkovidnye owomileyo

Abameli lokuqala eli qela - iimbotyi. Le isiqhamo ifumaneka kuzo zonke izityalo entsapho kwezidumba. Le ibandakanya omnye carpel iye beentanda ezimbini apho unako ukuyivula. It iziqhamo జాబితా IiNkcukacha. Izityalo kunye imidumba: iimbotyi, iertyisi, ilupini, neentlumaya, iMimosa, i-, wisteria.

Uhlobo elandelayo - imidumba kunye struchochki. Oku imifuno neziqhamo usapho cruciferous, ziphantsi ikhaphetshu, lwemostade, lettuce, theniphu, horseradish, kunye nabanye. Yohluka kowangaphambili, nto leyo bilocular iye carpels ezimbini. Box - Kwakhona korobochkovidny iziqhamo owomileyo. Oku kudla ibekwe inani elikhulu kakhulu imbewu ezincinane. iziqhamo ezinjalo ibandakanya ezi zityalo zilandelayo: poppy, henbane, clove, Datura. isakhiwo kungenzeka carpels omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Ngendlela bhokisi utyhila kwakhona ziyahluka. Xa poppy, umzekelo, iibhokisi zinemingxuma, ukususela henbane - zikaCAPS ukunxila - leaf, xa pinks - cloves.

thelo omile orehovidnye

kufuneka kwenziwe kuqala phakathi kwabo, Kakade ke, nati.

Umehluko Its - lwangaphandle enemithi. Ezi iziqhamo kufuneka izityalo ezifana Anut, pterokariya, California, omnyama, iinuts Manchurian. Iifom iziqhamo efanayo kunye nezom - oku amandongomane, ukuba eyayinkulu amancinci abe iqokobhe ethambileyo. Kwakhona kweli qela kokwabo le achene. Le isithelo sibe ese exolweni bulishica, nto leyo imbewu srastrayutsya. nesithomo sakhe slozhnotsvetkovye izityalo ezininzi, eyona okuqhelekileyo eyaziwa apho - zikajongilanga. Kubalulekile kananjalo Aster, mbali, marigold, umhlonyane, edandelion, teasel kunye nabanye abaninzi. Inani ngokokuma kwento naye kokwabo kweli qela leziqhamo. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba izityalo usapho ingca, leyo idibanisa izityalo ezifana rye, ingqolowa, amazimba, bluegrass, uqalo, iintsiba, kunye nabanye. Olu hlobo isiqhamo pericarp ezahlukeneyo bulishica, nto leyo ihlanganiswa kunye endocarp.

umbono olandelayo - lionfish. Yeyona iziqhamo zomthi maple nothuthu. It has a pericarp bulishica inkqubo iphiko-ezimile membranous ngalo zingasasazwa ngumoya iimbewu kumgama omde ukusuka emthini umzali.

yagodovidnye eliphambili

Ubukhulu becala ezi ziquka-apile. Bona luphawulwa iiseli membranous ekukho kuyo imbewu, kwaye yintlama lasekwa ngo ezo ngemibhobho kunye zamaqanda intyatyambo. Akukho zinzuzo eyenza nje kuphela umthi-apile, kunye nazo zonke izityalo abangabembewu eliphakathi pink, ash intaba, hawthorn, quince, kunye nabanye. Kwakhona, eli qela iquka namaqunube, okuye pericarp yaso kamnandi. Baye ezinjalo izityalo: currants, iiblueberries, cranberries, gooseberries, iitumato, mai, seqanda, banana nabanye. Ngokwahlukileyo inkolelo edumileyo, cherry kunye raspberry - asiyonto berry kunye drupes. Ngu lzheyagodam ziquka amaqunube kunye amaqunube kunye rosehips - ingqokelela iziqhamo - mnogooreshki. I ezimbini zokuqala iziqhamo lokwenene (nuts) ibekwe ngaphandle ngesakhiwo (amachokoza amhlophe), kwaye yokugqibela - ngaphakathi. Beka amantongomane kwaye embewini ezinde. Kwakhona libhekisela melon yagodovidnym yesikolo. Kuye inyama zimnandi, kodwa ekzokarpiem enemithi. Ngoko isithelo ithanga, ivatala (oko kukuthi nequnube - ziyabhidisa kakhulu), melon, cucumber.

Kostyankovidnye

Kananjalo iqelana of iziqhamo zimnandi. kuphela ummeli wayo - drupe. Lubonakala kulo ukuba imbewu isiqhamo olu hlobo Ngaphakathi ithambo, phantsi ezinkozweni ese exolweni ukuba iqokobhe engaphandle nzima yaye ilungiselelwe ukuba usikhusele. Drupe inokuba liqulathe amathambo enye okanye eziliqela. Imizekelo yalo hlobo Plum, icherry, ikhokhonathi, oningga, weapilkosi, cranberry. Kukho kwakhona iziqhamo esimbaxa akhiwe drupes eziliqela. It ngamaqunube, ubobo.

Ekhusela ese exolweni?

Phantsi kwezi iimvulophu kathathu iimbewu omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Makhe sijonge isakhiwo zabo. Zonke izityalo kweentyatyambo zahlulwe monocots kunye dicots - kuxhomekeke ukuba zingaphi cotyledons imbewu yabo.

Imbewu izityalo monocotyledonous iya kuba Cotyledon enye, plumule, isiqu, ingcambu, ukusuka apho, enyanisweni, ezenziwa elitsha yezityalo, endosperm nembewu ingubo, uqobo ihlanganiswa pericarp. Fruits kunye imbewu olu hlobo, umzekelo, imidumba kunye struchechki. kuye ngamanye amaxesha ibhokisi (eTulip, inyibiba), ubuncinane - nequnube.

Imbewu zezityalo dicotyledonous ahluka ngokuthi cotyledons ezimbini. isakhiwo yabo yahlukile engaphambili kuloo idyasi imbewu yabo phantse zange ihlanganiswa le pericarp. Ezi mbewu mazifakwe iziqhamo ngohlobo olufanayo njenge drupe, apile, pod, achene kunye nabanye.

Iindlela ukuze andise zeziqhamo imbewu

Zingasasazwa nge na "umlamli" okanye ngaphandle kwayo. Ngenxa yoko, ezinye izityalo ayikhuphi imbewu yabo kwisiqhamo utyhila (rhoqo iimbotyi). Kwakhona, iziqhamo lingehla nje phantsi kwempembelelo amandla enomtsalane sobunzima bayo. Kodwa ke amaxesha amaninzi ukuba bathinjelwe ngumoya, izilwanyana okanye abantu, ngokunjalo namanzi. Ukuze wenze oku, kaninzi iziqhamo kufuneka izixhobo ezongezelelekileyo, ezifana edandelion pappus (Lutho, eshiywa ke pericarp, ngoncedo leyo ukunwenwa ngumoya).