Ezine-zawo entliziyweni emanzini nasemhlabeni: imizekelo

iplanethi yethu enabantu abaninzi izilwanyana iiklasi ezahlukeneyo, amaqela kunye neentlobo. Izazinzulu basafunda yesakhiwo nokubaluleka esebenzayo amalungu ngamnye. Malunga luni intliziyo emanzini nasemhlabeni, funda inqaku.

Njengoko intliziyo amagumbi amathathu sele Quad?

Ekuyo ichweba ngenxa yokuba nokuphefumla lwabo pulmonary baqalisa ukuba ngokuzimisela. Inkqubo yegazi iqale ukwakha. Fish, ukuphefumla iigilizi, abe isangqa nokuhamba kwegazi, intliziyo yabo ubunjwe iikhamera ezimbini kuphela. Ukuba awukwazi kuphila mhlaba.

Emithathu okanye emine-zawo entliziyweni lomqolo ezisentlabathini. Bona luphawulwa ubukho ejikeleza ezimbini. endaweni yazo isigxina - mhlaba. Umzimba kunye namagumbi amathathu emanzini nasemhlabeni. Nangona kwezinye iintlobo zezirhubuluzi kukho ayigqitywanga inkululo yayo izabelo ezine. Uphuhliso zentliziyo ezine-awu kwinkqubo zazivelela senzeka umfuziselo ezanyisayo, iintaka kunye iingwenya.

Ezirhubuluzayo eziphila

Ezi ndidi zimbini zezilwanyana ezikhoyo ixhaphayo ezimbini kwegazi nentliziyo, eyenziwe zamagumbi endawo ezintathu. omnye kuphela silwane a enesiphako, kodwa ezine amagumbi, intliziyo. Le ingwenya. lungu elipheleleyo wentliziyo yokuqala ukuvela ezanyisayo bakudala. Kwixesha elizayo, intliziyo kunye nesakhiwo ilifa loonyana KweDangerous - iintaka. Oku ilifa kunye ezincancisayo mihla.

iintaka

Ngaba ezine-zawo iintaka intliziyo. Iintaka kwahluka ngokupheleleyo dissociation kwegazi: ezinkulu nezincinane, sandivusa njengomntu, xa kungekho elisetyenziswa ngalo igazi - elisuka kunye lwemithambo. Ilungelo kunye ekhohlo isiqingatha umzimba kuhlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo.

Iintaka ziye ezine-zawo intliziyo, isimo sawo limelwe imithambo emibini kunye ventricles isixa esifanayo. Le ventricle ifumana igazi deoxygenated ukusuka intendelezo ekunene. Ukusuka apho ke wokuqhuba pulmonary, nto leyo yahlulahlulwe amasebe ekhohlo ne ekunene. Ngenxa yoko, igazi lwemithambo na kwemiphunga ehambelanayo. Ngeli xesha igazi ngokulula oxidized kwaye engena intendelezo ekhohlo. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba Ukubolekisa kwisangqa yakhe encinane.

A isangqa esikhulu kwegazi evela ventricle ngasekhohlo. Isuka kwisikhongozeli enye, ebizwa yamandulo ilungelo aortic, nto leyo ngoko nangoko emazantsi entliziyweni eyohlula kwemithambo ezimbini innominate: ekhohlo ne ekunene. Le aorta efanayo kakhulu uthatha indawo kwi bronchus ekunene kwaye indawo asendle ome kumhlathi vertebral kwi amandla aorta amaphiko. Umthambo nganye innominate yohlulwe le carotid kunye subclavian. Eyokuqala iya entloko, kwaye eyesibini kwakhona yahlulwe esifubeni negxalaba. Ukususela aorta amanakani zimke imithambo enkulu. Sibonwe ngohlobo lokuba zincedane ukuze isisu kunye amathumbu kunye negazi, kwaye isibini - imilenze nemazi, amalungu zangasese kunye nezihlunu nodonga esiswini.

intliziyo-abane intaka, oko ungachazwa ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi iintaka lwenziwa phantsi iimpahla zobukhulu ezinkulu, kwaye kuphela inxalenye encinane iya kungena emithanjeni sezintso. Iintaka ziyahluka phambi intliziyo enkulu uyandizulela rhoqo nokungenisa izidumbu kuphela igazi umfutho ecocekileyo. Oku ukuba iintaka count izilwanyana ezinegazi elishushu.

Inkqubo kwegazi ezincancisayo

Xa ezanyisayo, ezine-zawo intliziyo yendoda okanye iintaka. lasungulwa umsantsa epheleleyo izangqa kwegazi ebangelwe imfuneko yophuhliso iimpawu ezifana ezifudumeleyo-bloodedness. Oku kuchazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: izilwanyana ezinegazi elishushu kufuneka imfuno yokuba mpilo, uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana kuphela igazi olunyulu kwemithambo kunye eninzi ioksijini. Nika umzimba wakhe okwazi kuphela intliziyo-zawo ezine. A igazi elingumxube ekuyo, apho intliziyo iye namagumbi amathathu, akanako ukunika iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni oyifunayo. Ngoko ke, ezi zilwanyana zibizwa ngokuba zinegazi elibandayo.

Ngenxa igazi singaxubeki zokwahlula ngokupheleleyo. Isangqa kwegazi Great yhuu igazi esimbaxa kuphela, nto leyo ubungakanani efunekayo enikwa onke amalungu sisilwanyana esincancisayo, nto leyo inceda kukhawulezisa nethe. Le nkqubo inceda ukugcina ubushushu rhoqo. Ezine-zawo entliziyweni ezincancisayo, iintaka, kunye nezinye iiklasi zezilwanyana, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ukuze lobushushu emzimbeni esisigxina yaye uzinzile. Ke kaloku indawo alunasiphumo kwi kubo.

ntulo

Enyanisweni, intliziyo ezi ezirhubuluzayo amagumbi imithambo kathathu amabini kunye ventricle omnye. Kodwa ke umgaqo umsebenzi wakhe yenza kube lula singabhengeza ukuba intliziyo ezine-awu ezi malovane. Le ingcaciso yale ziyenzeka ngolu hlobo. kwisisu lwemithambo lizele ioksijini-abahluphekileyo igazi, nto leyo umthombo wengeniso intendelezo ekunene. igazi lwemithambo is ahlanganiswe ioksijini, oko kubonelelwa ukusuka intendelezo esahlukileyo.

pulmonary kunye aorta, bobabini ivezwe. Kubonakala ngathi igazi kufuneka ngocoselelo kuxutywe. Kodwa oku akwenzeki, ngenxa yokuba ubukho caba kwezihlunu kunye ekunciphiseni isigaba-ezimbini ventricular umsebenzi intliziyo nokuthintela ngakumbi ukuxuba kwegazi. Iyafumaneka, kodwa yona ibe ncinci kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ngokwexabiso yomsebenzi weSebe malovane intliziyo zawo ezintathu-efana esinamavili.

ezirhubuluzayo

Crocodile unentliziyo-zawo ezine, kodwa unyango elandela igazi abazahluli ngokupheleleyo isahlulelo. Xa ezirhubuluzayo zomzimba (intliziyo) linoxanduva lokubonelela amandla yonke umzimba ngegazi, iye isakhiwo okhethekileyo. Ukongeza pulmonary, elandisiweyo ukususela ventricle kwicala lasekunene, kukho ezongezelelweyo, ngasekhohlo. Phezu kwayo ubunzima engundoqo igazi ongena kwinkqubo yokwetyisa.

Phakathi yegazi ezimbini, ngasekunene nangasekhohlo, intliziyo ingwenya inomngxuma. Ngaye, igazi emithanjeni nako ukungena unyango isangqa esikhulu, yaye vice versa. Oosonzuluwazi kudala babekholelwa ukuba intliziyo unalo uhlobo nezezinambuzane lotshintsho en eya kuphuhliso intliziyo izele yokwayama ezine njengokuba ezanyisayo ezinegazi elishushu. Kodwa akunjalo.

Ufudo

Inkqubo imithambo yegazi kunye intliziyo ezi ezirhubuluzayo iyafana naleyo nezinye izirhubuluzi: intliziyo kunye namagumbi amathathu eziqhagamshelene emthanjeni kunye umthambo. Contents ngokwaneleyo igazi nomoya yaligqiba xa landisa lwangaphandle. Oku kwenzeka xa diving isilwanyana okanye ukuhambisa ngokukhawuleza. Izinga Heart liyancipha, ngelixa sisenyusa kakhulu xi carbon dioxide.

Mna ezine-zawo amahobe intliziyo, nangona isakhiwo komzimba komzimba iye emagumbini ezintathu kuphela. Into yokuba intliziyo ufudo ezahlukeneyo udonga ventricular engaphelelanga kuyo imisebenzi igazi, kunye izixa ezahlukeneyo oksijini.