Yabantu amagumbi intliziyo: inkcazelo, isakhiwo, imisebenzi kunye neentlobo

Intliziyo - oku lelona candelo ibalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu. Ngaba kufundwe zizazinzulu kuzo zonke iinkalo yolwazi. Abantu bezama ukufumana indlela eya kongeza impilo imisipha intliziyo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo. Ulwazi ukwakheka, amalungu kunye ngezifo wentliziyo, indoda komndilili baqonde ngcono iinkqubo ezithi zenzeke emzimbeni wethu. Zingaphi yokwayama entliziyweni yomntu? ukuba uzakuyiqala ngaphi kwaye ukuphelisa kwegazi? Njengoko sakhutshwa igazi intliziyo? Yonke le mibuzo iza kufunyanwa impendulo kweli nqaku.

komzimba intliziyo

Intliziyo ibhegi umaleko ezintathu. Ngaphandle, babugubungela pericardium (zokhuseleko Bag) kuba kuyo myocardium (ukusika kwezihlunu) kunye endocardium (ezingcakacileyo esityeni imazi ibonakalisa layigubungela ngaphakathi kwamagumbi zentliziyo).

Emzimbeni womntu umzimba ibekwe esizikithini esifubeni. Yena thile baphambuka axis nkqo, ngoko abaninzi kokuba ashiywe. Intliziyo iquka iikhamera - nemingxuma ezine ukuba amaqhina oqhagamshelwano ngokusebenzisa semigudu. Le intendelezo ezimbini (ekunene kwaye ekhohlo) kunye ventricles zombini ngaphantsi kwabo. Phakathi kwabo, ukuba ezahlulwe kwemithambo, nto leyo ethintela ukuhamba reverse kwegazi.

Iindonga ventricles liyajiya iindonga imithambo, kunye nomthamo are nkulu, kuba umsebenzi wabo zityhalelwa ngalo igazi kulo vasculature, ngelixa atrial basezele ukwamkela ulwelo.

Iimpawu ze isakhiwo wentliziyo kwimveku osanda

Zingaphi yokwayama entliziyweni yomntu, nto leyo kodwa azalwe? Kwakhona ezine, kodwa imithambo banxibelelane nabanye kwikroba lokuvula okweqanda ekudibaneni. Xa nqanaba embryogenesis, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukucima igazi entliziyweni ekunene ukuya ekhohlo, njengoko ukujikeleziswa pulmonary akukho - ukukhanya ayinakolulwa. Kodwa ke igazi kwi ekuphuhliseni isixokelelwano sokuphefumla nangoku ingena, kwaye uya ngqo ukusuka aorta ngokusebenzisa lomsele yodidi oluphezulu.

Chamber Intliziyo Palsy ukubhitya kwaye ngaphantsi kakhulu kunolo umntu omdala, kwaye kunciphise pesenti ezingamashumi amathathu kuphela sobunzima engabalulekanga. umsebenzi walo ngokusondeleyo kunye nokufumana glucose emzimbeni kamama njengoko intliziyo izihlunu umntwana uthi nje zeendawana kwezondlo.

supply Igazi ejikelezayo

Unikezelo igazi myocardium linye ngexesha systole, xa uxinzelelo lwegazi iwela izinto ezinkulu. imithambo yegazi amagumbi zentliziyo zifumaneka nzulu myocardium. kwemithambo ezinkulu yenhliziyo kumka ngqo ukusuka aorta, kwaye xa ventricles, igazi entliziyweni ukuba ubonelelo. Ukuba le nqubo nakweyiphi na manqanaba iphazamisekile kunye iposi engabalulekanga.

amagumbi intliziyo yomntu enza umsebenzi sokumpompa amanzi. Ukususela ngokombono physics, bona Impontshelwa nje ulwelo isangqa evaliweyo. Uxinzelelo ukuba idaliwe em- ventricular ekhohlo, igazi kufika ngexesha ukwehla yayo kwandiswa ukuze lufikelela nkqu ngcanjana zincinane.

ezimbini Le ephawulekayo:

- ezinkulu, kujongwe ukuba anike nezihlunu umzimba;

- encinane, ezisebenza kuphela exchange igesi yemiphunga nezengekho isekela.

Afferent nempahla efferent uye kwigumbi ngalinye. Apho igazi tihamba isangqa esikhulu nokuhamba kwegazi? Ukususela intendelezo ulwelo ekhohlo engena ventricle lasekhohlo kwaye nenzaliseko, ngaleyo ndlela kwande uxinzelelo em-. Xa ifika 120 mmAq, valve semilunar esahlula ventricle ukusuka aorta iyandiswa, kwaye igazi ongena kwegazi. Emva kokuba zizaliswe zonke emithanjeni, kukho inkqubo internal yeselula kunye nesondlo. Emva koko, ngokusebenzisa inkqubo lwemithambo, igazi iphindela entliziyweni, hayi kanye mandithi, waya intendelezo ekunene. Ukuze kube ezifanelekileyo ongentla Vena asezantsi cava, kukuqokelelwa igazi lonke eziphilayo. Xa ulwelo oluhlala isixa ezaneleyo, ayajika kungena ventricle ekunene.

Kulo iqala kwegazi miphungeni. Kugcwale carbon dioxide kunye neemveliso pathways, igazi ongena buti miphungeni. Yaye ukusuka apho ukuya yegazi kunye emithanjeni emiphungeni. Emva exchange gas isithintelo gematoalveolyarny lwenzeka kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle. Sele ioksijini igazi elinomoya ubuyela intendelezo ngasekhohlo, ukuze emva kwegazi. Umjikelo wonke kuthatha imizuzwana ngaphantsi kwe mathathu.

Umjikelo umsebenzi

Ukuze ukuba umzimba rhoqo ifumana izondlo eziyimfuneko kunye namagumbi ioksijini zentliziyo kufuneka basebenze kakuhle kakhulu. Kukho uhlobo oluthile amanyathelo.

1. systole - yindibanisela le ventricles. Lohlulwe izihlandlo ezininzi:

• Qaphela: myofibers olunye yancitshiswa, uxinzelelo kwi ukunyuka kwisisu, vana va intendelezo ventricle ivaliwe. Ngenxa ekunciphiseni ngaxeshanye zonke imicu kwezihlunu, uqwalaselo utshintsho kwisisu, xi liphuma ukuya mmAq 120.
• Ukugxothwa: valve ezivulekileyo semilunar - igazi engena aorta kunye buti nezengekho miphungeni. Uxinzelelo kwi ventricles kunye nomthambo ngokuthe unje, kwaye igazi amagqabi ngokupheleleyo amagumbi asezantsi kwentliziyo.

2. Diastole - zokwehlisa iqhosha, kwaye eli xesha yolwamkelo angenzi igazi. namagumbi aphezulu intliziyo ukunxibelelana neempahla bemphathele bandisa isixa esithile wegazi. Ke valve atrioventricular zivulekile, kunye ulwelo ingena kungena ventricles.

Uxilongo ukuphazamiseka kulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza yentliziyo

1. Electrocardiography. Olu bhaliso iziganeko elektroniki eziyelelene imisipha. emagumbini intliziyo kuquka cardiomyocytes ukuba phambi kokuba ucutheko ngamnye lungenisa isakhono isenzo. Ukuba, kunye elektroni ayinakutshintshwa, enyanzeliswa phezu kwesifuba. Ngale ndlela, umfanekiso bangabhaqa ukungasebenzi ezinzulu zentliziyo, umonakalo yayo organic okanye functional (iposi, vice ukwandiswa kwisisu, ubukho zokunciphisa ezongezelelweyo).
2. Auscultation. Ukumamela yomntanakhe le ndlela yamandulo ukuba atyhile isigulo sakhe. oogqirha abanamava kunye ngoncedo elinye kuphela le ndlela uyakwazi ukubona zonke izinto ezingaqhelekanga zesakhiwo zisebenza.
3. loviwo ultrasound. It ikuvumela ukuba ubone isakhiwo kwamagumbi ngentliziyo, ukusasazwa igazi, ubukho iziphene esihlunwini kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezininzi ezinceda wenze isifo. Le ndlela isekelwe kwinto yokuba amaza cuke kubonakala ukusuka eziqinileyo (ithambo, izihlunu, iziko parenchyma), badlule ngokukhululekiyo engamanzi.

isifo sentliziyo

Njengaye nawuphi na omnye umbutho, intliziyo ubudala baziqwebele utshintsho zophendlo lwezifo engabangela uphuhliso izifo. Nokuba iliso rhoqo yempilo indlela yokuphila esempilweni kwaye, akukho namnye omzimba evela iingxaki kunye nemithambo yegazi. iinkqubo yezifo esinxulunyaniswa kunye nokuphazamiseka welungu okanye isakhiwo, ukuba ukufaka enye, ezimbini okanye ezintathu iqokobhe layo.

Bucala le fom zilandelayo nosological of ezimbi:

- arrhythmias kunye Uhanjiso kwentliziyo yombane (arrythmia, kwafa fibrillation);

- Izifo ukudumba: endo-, myo-, nesi-, pancarditis;

- ezifunyenwe okanye malformations bekhubazekile;

- lwegazi nokulimala kobuchopho;

- izilonda yegazi;

- utshintsho yezifo eludongeni engabalulekanga.

Uhlobo yokugqibela ngezifo kuyimfuneko ukuba ibattery i ngakumbi kuba inobudlelwane ngqo emagumbini yentliziyo.

Dilatation kwegumbi zentliziyo

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo myocardium enza eludongeni lwegumbi intliziyo, zibe phantsi utshintsho lwezidumbu, ezifana ndisolulela kakhulu okanye ukuqina. Oku kungenxa yokusilela kweendlela zembuyekezo uvumela umsebenzi umzimba nomthwalo omkhulu (lwegazi, ukwanda umthamo wegazi okanye yoxinaniso).

Izinto ezibangela cardiomyopathy inimba ziquka:

1. Izifo ze etiologies ezahlukeneyo (nomngundo, iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, nezinambuzane).
2. Buthi (utywala, iziyobisi, isinyithi enzima).
3. ZeNkqubo isifo nokuqina zomzimba (samathambo, systemic lupus zomzimba).
4. A Ithumba kwamadlala adrenal.
5. muscular sofuzo eqatha.
6. Ubukho pathways okanye ezidalwe izifo.
7. Izifo Genetic (idiopathic).

Ukwandiswa ventricles

Esona sizathu siphambili ukwandiswa ventricle lasekhohlo kuku uphuphume layo igazi. Ukuba ivelufa semilunar yonakele, okanye aorta elinyukayo ke iingqameko, imisipha entliziyweni kuya kufuneka ixesha nomgudu ukuze amgxothe ulwelo kwinkqubo channel. Inxalenye yegazi oseleyo ventricle, kunye kwexesha, oko usasolulile. Isizathu sesibini isenokuba sisifo okanye ngezifo Imisonto izihlunu, ngenxa apho eludongeni intliziyo ukubhitya iba flabby kwaye akakwazi yokunciphisa.

ventricle lungelo kwandisa ubukhulu ngenxa yeengxaki kunye ivalve yengcinezelo pulmonary kunye nokwanda kwegazi miphungeni. Xa iimpahla zemiphunga zimxinwa kakhulu, ukuba inxalenye yegazi esiqwini pulmonary emva ventricle. Ngeli xesha inxenye entsha kwemali ulwelo ukusuka intendelezo iindonga kwigumbi anaba. Ukongezelela, abanye abantu abaneziphene kwemithambo miphungeni. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni rhoqo xi nga ventricle ekunene kwaye kwandiswe umthamo wayo.

ukwandiswa imithambo

Isizathu sokuba ukwandiswa intendelezo lasekhohlo kuku a ngezifo semigudu: i atrioventricular okanye semilunar. Ukuze bashenxise igazi kungena ventricle emngxunyeni omncinane, kufuneka umkhosi enkulu kunye nexesha, ngoko abathile igazi uhleli intendelezo. Ngokuthe ngcembe umlinganiselo wokubanzi intsalela zomthetho landiswe, kwaye isiziba esitsha igazi yolula udonga egumbini intliziyo. Isizathu sesibini sokuba ukwandiswa intendelezo eludongeni ekhohlo ekwanti fibrillation atrial. Kulo mzekelo, i-Pathogenesis akukaqondwa kakuhle.

Intendelezo ekunene ayanda phambi wegazi miphungeni. Xa iingqameko iimpahla pulmonary, kusenokwenzeka ukuba umva bephosa igazi kungena ventricle ekunene. Yaye ekubeni sele izaliswe inxalenye entsha ulwelo, uxinzelelo phezu kweendonga egumbini kwandisa. ivalve Atrioventricular akemi up waza wajika ngaphakathi ngaphandle. Ekubeni igazi aphuma emva intendelezo. Kwindawo yesibini kukho iziphene ngentliziyo naso. Kule meko yokwakheka isakhiwo umzimba owaphukileyo, ngoko uqhagamshelwano kunokwenzeka phakathi imithambo emibini kunye ukuxuba negazi. Oku kukhokelela emali iindonga ukumelana nokwandiswa zabo.

Ukwandiswa aorta

kwemithambo Aortic enokubangelwa ukwandiswa ventricle kwisisu ekhohlo. Oku kwenzeka kuloo ndawo apho thinned kakhulu udonga inqanawa. uxinzelelo ephakamileyo kunye kwanokuqi- ezingqongileyo zomzimba ngenxa yegazi, anda umthwalo izabelo obangwe eludongeni nemithambo. Buze Sacciform ukhandwa, nto leyo idala sophazamiseko eyongezelelweyo yokumpompoza kwegazi. Kwemithambo ingozi ngenxa komsipha ngesiquphe yophela ngaphakathi, kwakunye njengomthombo egazi.

unyango komlomo

Ngokwemveli, uthomalaliso yahlulwe zonyango kunye yotyando. Ekubeni iipilisi ukunciphisa intliziyo ololulele icamera ayi ukusebenza, unyango okujoliswe causative factor: nangokurhala, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, rheumatism, yamafutha okanye isifo semiphunga. Izigulane kufuneka agcine indlela yokuphila esempilweni kunye nokuthobela kunye nengcebiso kagqirha. Ukongeza, amayeza isigulane obhityileyo igazi eziququzelela sicatshulwa wayo ngokusebenzisa utshintsho amagumbi intliziyo.

Iindlela zotyando ziquka umzila le stimulator, nto leyo eya kuba negalelo ekunciphiseni ngempumelelo ukuqina kodonga kwentliziyo.

ukuvimbela

Ukuze kuthintelwe uphuhliso leengxaki engabalulekanga kuyimfuneko ukuze enze imithetho esisiseko:

- ukuyeka imikhwa emibi (icuba, utywala);

- ukuba bagcine urhulumente bomsebenzi wonke;

- nidle okulungileyo;

Ukuya emva kumbuzo wethu: Zingaphi yokwayama entliziyweni yomntu? Njengoko igazi ehamba umzimba? Yintoni uyasondla intliziyo? Yaye oko wonke umsebenzi? Sinethemba lokuba emva kokufunda komzimba entsonkothileyo yaye amalungu omzimba kuye kwacaca kancinane.