Ezikhumbuzo ezeMbali kunye nezenkcubeko Bashkortostan. Republic of Bashkortostan: iindawo ezinika umdla

Iqela ngalinye uhlanga umiselwe ukuba kudlula indlela yabo lokuba ngamaxesha anzima woyise okanye ukutshutshiswa. Kodwa ngaphandle yentlalo-ntle ukuya ithile enoba kukancinane okanye akazange enze naliphi na xesha elinye. Imbali Bashkortostan akukho ngaphandle. Saba ngendlela yabo bantu uvuyo sisingqala, uloyiso kunye boyisiwe, uzuko nehlazo. Ziziphi iziganeko epics ezininzi, abazixelayo malunga Batyrov kunye nezinye nobuntu ebonakalayo elidlulileyo. Kakade ke, Bashkiria mihla - kakhulu republic ngempumelelo amalungelo lokuzimela kwi Russian Federation (kummandla Urals noqoqosho). Kodwa ke akusoloko. Amangcwaba Republic of Bashkortostan "kubuxela" malunga namasiko alo kwiinkulungwane-ubudala.

ulwazi zembali

Bashkirs njengoko uhlanga abunjwe nkqu th I. N. e., kwaye ukususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi intsimi yabo yaqala ukusasaza Islam, apho limiselwe ukudlala indima enkulu kwixesha elizayo. Kuyinto kakhulu inkolo negalelo ukuba uyayilondoloza ungubani ebantwini, nokwenziwa, ingakumbi kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba Bashkirs rhoqo engaqhelekanga "Lucky" ukuhlala kummandla Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunye Khazar zamaTurkic Khaganate, Bulgarskim Khanate. Oku kunefuthe kunokuba elibi kumanyano lwezopolitiko zezizwe Bashkir ezahlukeneyo. Lwakutshanje njalo babephikisana omnye nomnye nezizwe angabamelwane.

Noko ke, lifikile ixesha, kwaye ixesha feuds phezu. Ukususela phakathi kwimbali ngenkulungwane XVI Bashkortostan zaphalala Isitishi eyahlukileyo - abemi kwabatyhutyha ngabemi Russian, phantsi kogcino Tsar Ivan labangcangcazelisi. Kwelinye icala, oko kwavula ithuba lokuba ayeke livumela kunye nophuhliso kakhulu eqhelekileyo. Noko ke, phezu ezweni Bashkirs baqalisa ukuba ngenkuthalo ukuhambisa ezinye iintlanga, kuquka AmaTatar, Mari, Chuvash, Udmurt, Mordvinians. Kakade ke, nje wenze Ukraine Russian kunye, kwakunye nezinye abemi lizwe, kakhulu, waqalisa ukuhlola kwintsimi entsha.

Yena ithabathe inxaxheba Bashkirs kwi Emva yemvukelo kakhulu ngqiqweni kwaye kabuhlungu Russian ka-1773-1775. Oku kubonakala nje kuphela intsomi zizityebi, kodwa wamnika iqhawe lesizwe - Salavat Yulaev, egqalwa omnye ngamabelana yinkokeli kwimvukelo yamahlwempu Emelyana pugacheva.

Kamva kwaba Bashkir Ukuzilawula Soviet Republic (ukusukela 1920). Yaba kwelinye lamaziko zoshishino ezibalulekileyo (chemical kunye noshishino petrochemical) kwi-USSR. Ngenxa ngokuwa yokugqibela ebegqwese similise okwaloo Republic of Bashkortostan kunye Kurultai, t. E. A kwipalamente yayo bicameral kunye nomongameli. I-capital ngumzi Ufa, owasekwa ngo-1574 kwisiza se-yokuhlala yamandulo iqela yemveli uhlanga. imephu Bashkortostan obandakanya izithili yolawulo 54. Phakathi kwabo, imizi-21 kunye needolophana 4434. Abemi lidlule abantu 4 million, isahlulo sesithathu bonke abahlala Bashkiria obululu Ufa kunye nommandla Ufa.

Iintlobo ngeentlobo ezikhumbuzo kwimbali nenkcubeko yase Bashkortostan

Kakade ke, indlela ende kwaye nzima enjalo uphuhliso alikwazanga ziboniswe eqingqiweyo kunye ubungqina zaphawula elidlulileyo. Namhlanje e Bashkortostan phantsi ukhuselo karhulumente malunga namawaka amabini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhumbuzo lwezakhiwo, ubugcisa, inkcubeko kunye zakudala.

Ezikhumbuzo edume Bashkortostan (uluhlu):

• Mosque lokuqala.
• Monument ku Salavat Yulaev kunye Aleksandru Matrosovu.
• Aksakov Abantu House.
• Yamangcwaba (engcwabeni) Bendebike.
• Cave Shulgan-Tash.
• Kubo Cathedral ye Yokuzalwa of the Virgin.

iipaki zesizwe kunye neendawo aziwa kude ngaphaya kwiriphabliki nangokungatshintshiyo nomtsalane neendwendwe ezintsha.

ezikhumbuzo esicamngca inkcubeko Bashkortostan, ukubonisa iinkqubo ezithile zisenzeka ngaphakathi eluntwini, ngokufuthi na onokumxelela ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba nokuba amaxwebhu agciniweyo. Kodwa ixabiso labo ayinakuphikiswa na umbono. Oku kusebenza ngokupheleleyo iindawo eziphakamileyo zonqulo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba umoya uhlanga. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi ukuba loo umbutho ezahlukeneyo yesizwe multi-zonqulo, nto leyo ke Republic of Bashkortostan.

Kubo Cathedral ye Yokuzalwa of the Virgin

Ufa Le tempile, leyo yakhiwa ngo-1903-1909 gg., Ngaba ekuqaleni isakhiwo sezitena ezintathu-storied kunye inqaba intsimbi kunye lwesakhiwo amajukujuku omnye namaqhosha ngamaplanga yentsimbi. Le nkonzo ke wabumisela ukuze sisinde kule minyaka inzima emva kokuba revolution, kodwa isiphelo nangoku ivaliwe, kwaye igumbi ibekwe phantsi workshops moya. Kwixesha elizayo, kukho yemiboniso bhanya livulekile, umlwelwe kwizakhiwo ngaphaya ingqalelo. kuphela kule ekugugeni leSoviet, ngowe-1991, wabuyela endlwini yosisi. Ukuvuselelwa wokuzalwa of the Virgin Cathedral yalibaziseka kangangeminyaka eli-15, kodwa ukwakhiwa umbala isibhakabhaka-blowu kunye uphahla ngegolide nokupeyinta omhle ibandla kakhulu capacious Orthodox kwikomkhulu.

I mosque lokuqala

Bashkortostan inkcubeko uphethe yamanyala ocacileyo waseMpuma. Umzekelo woku - le yecawa yokuqala ukwakhiwa mosque ka-1830, nto leyo ekuqaleni kwakukho isakhiwo ilitye minaret elinye. Kamva sakhiwa izihlandlo eziliqela. Lo mosque enye ezinkulu pre-olululo Russia, kunye ukufika kwayo babalwayo phantse eziliwaka abantu. Ukongeza, xa wenza madrassas kunye Russian-Bashkir kwikholeji iminyaka emibini. Iminyaka 30 (1960-1991). Kuphela lokukhonzela zange ayeke imisebenzi yabo Ufa.

yamangcwaba Bendebike

ezikhumbuzo kwimbali Bashkortostan ziquka engcwabeni, okuthiwa yaphela indlela koMhlaba amabhinqa ezinkulu - Bendebike. Yena ngenxa ngobulumko balo ezizodwa kunye nesizathu, wakwazi ukuphelisa imfazwe phakathi Bashkirs kunye Kazakhs. Esi sakhiwo lwenziwe ngohlobo i octahedron kunye lwesakhiwo eyenziwe ngezitena of imibala ezimbini - undoqo kukuba nesingxobo engwevu ebomvu iKrismesi babulawa.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba Bendebike wayengekho Hanshi okanye umlawuli. Yena umfazi osisilumko nje nempembelelo abazizidwangube, apho iBhunga waliphulaphula zonke iinkulu zezindlu. Igama lakhe ubezukile kuphela Bashkirs, kodwa ke abantu eselumelwaneni, njengoko udumo lwayo ubulumko waba mkhulu. Malunga naye nomyeni wakhe kukho amavo eziliqela kunye namabali.

Aksakov Abantu House

ezikhumbuzo ezeMbali kunye nezenkcubeko Bashkortostan kukwamela omnye kakhulu umdla ngokwemiqathango lwezakhiwo, isakhiwo, yakhiwa ngo-1909-1920 gg. Njengoko kubonakala sele evela igama, iNdlu yaBantu sanikezelwa kwimemori ye ezibalaseleyo mzobo boncwadi Sergeya Timofeevicha Aksakova, kunye neprojekthi ukwakha waze wamemezela ukhuphiswano iRashiya. Imali eqokelelwe kulo lonke Ufa. Ukwakhiwa lwaqhutywa ngaphezu kweminyaka eli-10, nangona iziphumo waba yintengo ngayo - kwanasemva phantse ikhulu Aksakov House looker kunye ngezakhiwo eyahlukileyo. It weaved iintlobo ezininzi: Russian Classicism, ezimbejembeje East Asian, kunye slits elide window. ifanelwe Esi sakhiwo ukuthatha umfanekiso Republic ngamazwe, apho ngoxolo ndawonye zombini Russian kunye Bashkir. Ukususela ekupheleni 30 apho liye opera kunye ballet, kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ndlu Aksakov wabuyela igama layo endala.

Kunzima ukucinga uhlanga akwambeka amaqhawe ayo yaye bafuna ukugcina amagama eninzi kwiinkulungwane. Yaye amadoda phezu kummandla Belarus mihla wayesoloko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, lo ezikhumbuzo zembali kunye nezenkcubeko Bashkortostan - yinto lusisikhumbuzo amaqhawe esizwe, silibale ukuba akwenzeki.

Salavat Yulaev

Kukuphi wabeka isandla sakhe ayikho kwindawo iphezulu, ngokungathi ukukhusela nabemi bonke ububi? Monument ku Salavat Yulaev - ayikho nje eyodwa kunye nomfanekiso inkulu samahashe eRashiya, kodwa kananjalo ubutyebi yesizwe, oko liyazingca weRiphabliki Bashkortostan.

Kwathabatha amashumi amathathu nomkroli Soslanbek Tavasieva ngaphandle lokuphinda umfanekiso hero, baya kulwa ukuthanda uCatherine Omkhulu. Kwaye kunokuba lwa kwicala karhulumente, waba bafu- Pugachev.

Cast of yentsimbi wobhedu, wayithimba Salavat Yulaev kwi mzuzu ebalulekileyo kwezigqibo malunga lenguqu ukuya Pugachev. Wayebonakala ukuba embiza ukuba alandelane naye, ngaloo ndlela bavumile exelela izizukulwana ezintsha abemi Bashkortostan amandla omoya wobuntu yaye nokubaluleka inkululeko yokuzikhethela.

Alexander Matrosov

Ukukhunjulwa Amaqhawe ubomi babantu. Yaba izigidi ezingalibalekiyo enjalo Alexander Matrosov - amajoni oneminyaka eli-19 ubudala rhoqo 2 elihamba nomkhosi ezahlukeneyo, abandayo Februwari imini ezisitha umzimba wakhe umpu umatshini waseJamani. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, yena wazalwa ngenxa Bashkiria. Ngoko ke esekwe Ufa kwi-owuva ye-6 isikhumbuzo Ukoyisa umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wobhedu, obonisa Matrosov kwi groundsheet ephethe umpu phezu kwamanqwanqwa emarmore opinki - ukuze lakheke mva.

Monument Nagomu Mihailu Aleksandrovichu

Ilitye eliSisikhumbuzo umnyibilikisi ka Ufa - ilitye lesikhumbuzo elitsha. Kokuba imisiwe kwiminyaka nje 7 eyadlulayo. Yena libonisa irhuluneli, ngubani wothulelw ekuqaleni kunye nesixeko izakhiwo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho ilitye lesikhumbuzo kwilali yesibhozo kaMatshi, phezu ongaphandle eyinkunzi weRiphabliki Bashkortostan. Kodwa ke, sinethemba lokuba ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo lesikhumbuzo eya kuthabatha indawo yayo kunye namanye amaqhawe esizwe.

Friendship lesikhumbuzo

Ubuhlobo phakathi Russian kunye neminyaka nabantu Bashkir ngaphezulu kwe-450, kodwa ekuqaleni kwayo wabeka Ivan Grozny kude 1557. Wathabatha phantsi iphiko bakhe, ukubandezeleka ekubambaneni lwangaphakathi kunye Bashkirs nguzwilakhe Golden. Kwaye kule mini kwi Russian Federation. Yaqala phantsi ke into sexesha elitsha kunye nenkcubeko Bashkortostan. Emva kwamakhulu amane, ngowe-1957, kwisikhumbuzo esi siganeko isigqibo phambili, ukudala Ubuhlobo Monument. Le lesikhumbuzo lwenziwe ngohlobo litha ngaphandle handle (iimitha 35 ukuphakama). Abafazi ababini kunye nezidanga ngowakhe ezandleni zabo, akhiwe ngapha nangapha intsimbi, imele Bashkir kunye nezizwe Russian, kwaye ube ngowakhe "lithetha" malunga ubuhlobo banaphakade kunye olungaqhawukiyo phakathi kwabo.

Monument ukuya Heroes ka-Oktobha Revolution kunye War Civil

Intlekele zonke imisebenzi zomkhosi kweli lizwe lilele yokuba imvukelo nxamnye enye kuphela abahlobo izolo, kodwa kwakhona izalamane igazi. Kuba Russia, eyona ezilusizi ngentsimbi kulo mba ngexesha leMfazwe Civil and Enkulu Oktobha Revolution.

Kuba phantse iminyaka engama-40 eyadlulayo e Bashkortostan kukhunjulwa ubuqhawe litye lesikhumbuzo esizwe wamiswa, elingcwele, abathathi-nxaxheba ezi ziganeko. Ngokukhwela kwinqwanqwa likhaya amanani ezininzi: Red Army ijoni iphethe umpu, mkhandi ngehamile, womlimi esiqhelekileyo, endihleli ezandleni endaweni izixhobo yesiqhelo kwezolimo emkhenkceni umpu. La manani, eyenzelwe ukuba amele iqela elithile labantu, Bayawacima ijoni ngoncwino longxwelerhiweyo abadala, njengabantwana uyise n'wina. Oku kubonisa ubunye labantu kumzabalazo amalungelo abo.

Memorial "mama"

Olona phawu yale na elaa litye lithe sinikezelwa onke amajoni abo babulawa ngexesha uthatha inxaxheba kungquzulwano ezininzi ekuhlaleni ukususela ngowe-1951 kuye ku-2003, lo lesikhumbuzo oyintsobi lobhedu we umama ubuso bakhe, ngokungathi isijwili ngokunzulu ukungabi nabantwana babo. Kufuphi amatye amabini lenyengane amnyama, apho zaba nemikrolo amagama yokuba iingangamsha zibhuqiwe.

Ubuqhawe of Nature

ezikhumbuzo ezeMbali kunye nezenkcubeko Bashkortostan bendingayi ukudala umfanekiso ngokupheleleyo, ukuba abathanga lincedisane izipho Mother Earth. Iyonke kweli lizwe kukho ngaphezu kwekhulu ezinika ezahlukeneyo zendalo.

Bashkir State Nature Reserve

Ukohluka yale ndawo kukuba ngokucacileyo wahlulwa ube ziziqingatha ezibini: omnye - in an uluhlu of Southern Krakow, wakha yamatye enzima plutonic ezinomthamo eliphezulu ngesinyithi, omnye - i phambene-Tau - iqulathe othambileyo. Reserve - a unique entsonkothileyo yendalo, nto leyo odumileyo kuphela umxube elingu kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo enezityalo, kodwa zingcwele ukuba akwazi ukugcina apha kangangamawaka eminyaka.

ipaki National "Bashkiria"

ummandla wayo lugubungela malunga neehektare 82, apho unako ukufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ezinqabileyo kunye nezityalo. Ezinye zazo zidweliswe ezisengozini. Ukongeza, zicwangciswe khona, yaye loo ezikhumbuzo yendalo Bashkortostan njengoko iibhulorho karst, esusa Bear likaThixo, elithi Kutukov-Sumgait.

State Reserve Natural "Shulgan-Tash"

zesikhumbuzo Natural RB ziquka ekhuselweyo izowuni elahliweyo phakathi imilambo kunye White Yuryuzan. Ukongeza neentlobo ezizodwa izityalo, izilwanyana, iintaka neentlanzi, etsala umqolomba Shulgan-Tash (Kapova emqolombeni). Kuyinto isiza zakudala ngokubaluleka hlabathi, ngexesha layo yaba abantu bamandulo, njengoko kuboniswa kwimifanekiso iliwa liyalondolozwa kunye izivatho.

Natural Park "Muradymovskoe Gorge" ubonakala ngenxa yokuba yasinda umqolomba, apho kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo wahlala wokuqala abemi Urals. Iyonke kule ndawo yendalo kukho iziza angaphezu kwamashumi amane, kubandakanywa nemiqolomba abaninzi Labirintovaya, Ice, Novo kunye Staromuradymovskie. Yokupaka ookhokho bethu ezifunyanwa Pigeon emqolombeni.

Bashkiria Modern - ummandla elinomtsalane ngokupheleleyo, kulondolozwe, indalo relict, umbala yesizwe ihlanjululwa ezizodwa. Le ndawo ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuyithanda kutyelelo lokuqala, oko Akanagunya kwexesha ngokwayo. abathandi Nature Kucetyiswa ukuba ukujikeleza lizwe ukonwabela iindawo ezininzi ezintle iphuphumela ikhadi Bashkortostan.