Endryu Dzhonson - elinesixhenxe uMongameli we-United States of America: ibhayografi, umsebenzi

Endryu Dzhonson wonyulwa ukuba ngumongameli waseUnited States ngo 1865. Ke walawula esinye yaye unako ukubhala igama lakhe kwimbali ngonaphakade.

Kwakunzima sibalo impikiswano. Nangoku, kuluntu American, akukho ukuvumelana ngovavanyo lwemisebenzi kule ndoda. Uninzi izigqibo zakhe kuzakutshintsha ngonaphakade ipolisi basekhaya angaphandle American. A izibonelo zomthetho Johnson wanyamezela eminyaka.

Endryu Dzhonson: A Biography

Kwazalelwa umongameli weshumi elinesihlanu ku-Epreli 1865 e North Carolina. Abazali bakhe kubalimi abaqhelekileyo. Little Andrew wasebenza kunye nabo, enceda ukuba anyamekele lokuvuna. Emva kokufa mdala Johnson ilungiselelo intsapho yakhe iwela zamagxa ze-unina, osebenza laundress. Ngenxa imeko enzima zemali, uAndreya kuthatha umsebenzi othungayo. Ukusebenza njenge ngumfundi, naye ufumana izakhono ezisisiseko ukufunda nokubhala. Ngoko ke workshop esikhundleni esikolweni. Emva kweminyaka Endryu Dzhonson ushiya ikhaya losapho yaye safudukela Grenville. Kukho ivula umsebenzi wayo - shop. Ithatha umfazi intombi izicathulo yasekuhlaleni.

Qala kwezombangazwe umsebenzi

Ekuhambeni kwexesha yakhe nanceba, yena uhlala inxaxheba kwimfundo-self. Funda inzululwazi esisiseko. nobuchule bakhe zoshishino ezifunyenweyo ngexesha izakhono zokufunda ukuvumela izinto phezulu. Inzuzo evela yokusebenzela ivumela Johnson, ukuba benze utyalo-mali. E Tennessee, yena uya kwikholeji yasekuhlaleni. Uthabatha nomdla kwezopolitiko. Kuvame nabantu abanempembelelo sikarhulumente.

Ngomnyaka wamashumi amane wesithathu Endryu Dzhonson wonyulwa ukuba Congress. Ngoxa urhulumente, yena uqala ukusasaza ngenkuthalo impembelelo yayo. Le nzuzo evela shishini likhula, nto leyo evumela ukuphembelela iinkqubo kwezoqoqosho kwiphondo lonke. Johnson wonyulwa irhuluneli kwiminyaka elishumi.

Abraham Lincoln ngawethu ukuba intlanganiso nentloko omtsha karhulumente. Ngeli xesha imincili sele ukususela emzantsi. Ukungqubana kwezimvo esongela ngokuqatsela kwi ngxabano bexhobile, ngoko ke umongameli ibamba iintetho kunye bonke nabantu abanempembelelo yelasezantsi.

Ukuqala kweMfazwe Civil

Endryu Dzhonson wamela Tennessee - karhulumente khoboka. Isiseko Uqoqosho yalo kwicandelo lezolimo. amazwe Southern baba echumayo, imozulu ofunekayo zokulinywa komqhaphu, icuba, kunye nokutya okuziinkozo ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, kwakukho ukunqongophala enkulu kweefektri. Phantse zonke neshishini le lizwe bukaThixo buzinze North. Abantu nempembelelo Tennessee baba slaveholders. ukunqongophala Labour (phantse zonke abasuka eYurophu ezinzile North) yaye mababuyekezwe amakhoboka bazizisa eAfrika. Unyaka seminyaka engamashumi amathandathu kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kwi- Southern United States babengamakhoboka ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezithathu.

North Industrial waba izitulo iNdlu Yeengwevu kwaye baqhuba nemithetho zayo, ababengengabo abanini khoboka inzuzo. Ngoko ke, ukuzama ukulondoloza ubomi yezentlalo noqoqosho ithi zabo, South ngaphandle Union. Oku kukhokelela ekuqaleni War Civil. Abraham Lincoln nangoko lokwazisa ngokugaya, kwaye iqala ukuqapha. Johnson uhlala enyanisekile kamongameli. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye nabalawuli South, ayithethi ukuxhasa i Ikukucetywa kunye isaqhubekeka.

Kwathi ngelo xesha, ziya kugcina indawo yayo. Ngo-Epreli, amashumi amathandathu ananye UAndrew inxaxheba kuphuhliso yesiGqibo Crittenden-Johnson. Uyatsho ukuba imikhosi Union ekulandeleni iinjongo zoxolo kunye belwa ngenxa karhulumente, kwaye hayi emva kokuyekiswa kobukhoboka.

Turncoat okanye ngokuthanda uhlanga?

Emva kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe Johnson uqhuba kummandla elawulwa northerners. Lowo wamkela Lincoln usekela-mongameli. Abaninzi ababephila ngexesha lakhe babekholelwa ukuba le kutyunjelwa edibene neentshisekelo populist Lincoln. Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ukuqeshwa onjalo kwisithuba southerner eliphezulu iza kunciphisa igagasi uyintshutshiso States abavukeli. Iyakhuthaza into entsha uSekela-Mongameli-United States of America iye vusmert banxila wokunikezelwa yakhe. Johnson wathi, "lomlilo 'intetho apho wayeqhayisa imvelaphi yayo (ekuthiwa" ezithandwayo ") kwaye wagxeka inkqubo yezopolitiko yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Emva ukuqeshwa uAndreya wafumana erenkini yasemkhosini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha inxaxheba ngqo kwemfazwe abazange bayamkele. April elinesihlanu abulawe Lincoln.

Ababulali kwakhona izicwangciso ukususa kunye Johnson, kodwa ababa nako ukufikelela kuye. Ekugqibeleni, 17 uMongameli US ufumana isikhundla kungekhona ngenxa yokuba unyulo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ukufa kuneyokuqala.

Board Johnson

Njengoko umongameli, uJohnson waya kwi-nkqubo ecacileyo, ekhosini liphuhlise leyo, lo gama kusekho irhuluneli. Noko ke, ngoko nangoko emva kokuthatha i-ofisi, waqalisa ukuba neengxaki. Ngokuxhasa wala Democratic Party. Ngaphezu koko, wayeza ukuhlaziya umgaqo ukuya kwamazwe boyiswa. UAndreya waya iminyinyiva ezinkulu secessionists. Abaninzi bade waqala ukusola kuye ngokuba livelana i Ikukucetywa. Emva ukuxabana iqela e Johnson waqalisa kunye Congress of the ngxaki. Omnye wemiyalelo yakhe yokuqala umongameli US-17 onokuvotelwa umthetho oyilwayo, leyo umisela kwanembopheleleko ithi esemazantsi.

Impixano ngamandla elilawulayo

Emva koko, Congress uvotela oyilwayo, leyo umisela ukulingana bonke abemi US, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabaluphi na uhlanga. Johnson lakhe azavumela bantu. Crisis kwaqiniswa emva kokuyaphula ngqo iKhabhinethi. Elinye iqela bangi ye kamongameli sele woKhuselo uNobhala Stanton. Wala ukwenza ezininzi nemiyalelo yeNdlu White.

Ulawulo ayiphumelelanga ukufumana izinto avumelana ngazo kulo mba kunye Congress, ngoko Stanton ongakwamkeliyo Endryu Dzhonson. UMongameli US ngokwakhe ikhupha umyalelo efanelekileyo. Noko ke, iNdlu Yeengwevu akazange ukuxhasa isigqibo esinjalo. Phantse ngamxhelo uMphathiswa wabuyela ofisi yakhe. An Imvukelo evulekileyo nxamnye House White wenza zimbi Johnson.

Ugqiba ukuba anikezele baze bangene ngxabano evulekileyo. Endaweni okuthiwa limisiwe wezoKhuselo uMphathiswa noAndreya amisele uTimoti General Thomas. Esi sigqibo vzbudorazhivaet Congress. Stanton uyala ukushiya isithuba sakhe kweli lizwe kukho imeko eyahluke. kwamasebe amabini urhulumente akhuphe imiyalelo ezihlabanayo. Ukusabela izenzo uMongameli ethetha yeeNgwevu kwiNdlu yaBameli. Zakutshanje ukuqalisa iinkqubo kuthathelwe. Noko ke, uJohnson ilawula ukuba uyavumelana nezinye eNdlu yeeNgwevu, yaye uhleli post yakhe.

End of wobukumkani

Ngomnyaka wamashumi amathandathu Andrew uqukumbela deal sibi kunye yoBukhosi Russian malunga Alaska.

Kuba imali kangako ukuthenga i-US kwindawo enkulu, nto leyo elizayo kuya kuhlawula zonke iindleko yokuthenga yayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha esi siganeko zihlandlo azikhange. UMongameli we-United States of America ekugqibeleni uphelelwe kukuthenjwa abantu yaye abazange bade ndinikhathaze ukubaleka ikota elitsha.