Dzhon Kabot kunye Sebastian Cabot. Ukuvulwa North America

Dzhovanni Kaboto, eyaziwa ngokuba Dzhon Kabot, yaba Umatiloshe IsiNgesi of imvelaphi Italian. Wayebambe izikhundla ezibalulekileyo kwaye Siphumeze lukhulu, kodwa namhlanje kwakusazeka ngcono ngokuba indoda eyafumana North America.

biography

Dzhovanni Kaboto wazalwa e Genoa, kodwa kamva, uyise kaYohane bagqiba kwelokuba bafudukele Venice, apho bahlala ixesha elide. Apha, umhloli elizayo waphila iminyaka emininzi, wakwazi ukuqala njengentsapho: umfazi wakhe kunye nabantwana abathathu. Kamva, omnye woonyana bakhe abe ngumlandeli kayise yaye liya kuthatha inxaxheba ngohambo lwakhe.

Ukuhlala e Venice, Cabot wayesebenza nomatiloshe kunye zomrhwebi. Iimvelaphi eMpuma, kwafuneka ithuba lokuthetha nabo abarhwebi Arab abaye bazama ukufumana ukuba ngubani na ndibabonelela kunye nobulawu.

career

Kwaba ekuhambeni kwakhe kwi-East Dzhon Kabot uqala ukucinga ngokufikelela kumazwe engaziwayo ngapha kumntla, ngenxa yokuba ubukho America belingekafiki kwaziwa. Wazama bakhuthaze iingcamango ngookumkani iSpanish kwaye Portuguese, kodwa oku akuyi kuba nako. Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni 1490s wamazwe wathumela eNgilani, apho uya kubizwa ngokuba nguYohane kwi isimbo IsiNgesi, hayi Giovanni.

Kungekudala emva kokuba Columbus unako ukuyivula umhlaba omtsha, oko kukuthi, uMzantsi Merika, Bristol abarhwebi baye bagqiba ukuba aququzelele i uhambo, leyo wamiselwa alimwi Cabot.

I uhambo lokuqala

Ngowe-1496 ngelo xesha sele eyaziwa-kakuhle esasihamba wakwazi ukufumana imvume evela uKumkani of England ukuba kudlulwe phantsi kweflegi yaseBritani. Ngowe-1497, wemka kwizibuko saseBristol ngenjongo yokufikelela emanzini e China. Olu hambo yaba yimpumelelo kakhulu kwaye kube neziphumo. Ekupheleni kukaJuni, inqanawa bafika siqithi, nangona akucaci ukuba Dzhon Kabot kwafunyaniswa. Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini, enye kwenye, ukuba lo Labrador Peninsula, kwelinye icala - Newfoundland.

Ukususela ngexesha ngokusemthethweni lo ukufunyanwa yayilutyelelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo kuMntla Merika, ekuphunyezweni abaMhlophe. Eyona nto iphawulekayo kukuba wayekholelwa Cabot, nangona phantse wakwazi ukufumana eAsiya, kodwa icinyiwe waza waya kude kakhulu ukuya emntla.

Emva kokufika on terra incognita, Cabot ebizwa elo ilifa elitsha ilizwe isithsaba IsiNgesi wahamba. Isihloko-mpuma ngenjongo nangoku ukufikelela China, esasihamba baqaphela ukuba kuloo lulwandle ifu ezinkulu cod kunye herring. Le ndawo leyo ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba eGrand Bank. Njengesiqhelo kule ndawo na inani elikhulu kunene iintlanzi, emva ukufunyanwa yalo abarhwebi British baphulukana imfuneko ukuya ngaphaya kuyo Iceland.

Le hambo lwesibini

Ngowe-1498 iinzame yesibini ukuba boyise kumazwe abatsha, i yenziwa, kwaye kwakhona amisiweyo Dzhon Kabot wakhokelela hambo. Ukuvulwa Intshona Melika ngelo xesha babesaba nayo. Nangona data omncinane emidala, kwakusazeka ukuba umkhankaso ayiphumelelanga ukufikelela mpumalanga, ahambe ngeenqanawa wehla waya eFlorida.

Akwaziwa njani yaphela ubomi kaYohane Cabot, wavele, wafela endleleni, emva koko inkokheli umkhankaso wadlulela ukuba unyana wakhe - Sebastian Cabot. Oomatiloshe njalo lawela elunxwemeni, apho wadibana abantu abanxibe izikhumba zezilwanyana, nto leyo engazange abe nayiphi kwegolide neeperile. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo, kwagqitywa ukuba babuyele eNgilani, apho inkundla yaye weza efanayo 1498.

Abahlali of England, Noko ke, njengoko Abaxhasi hambo, siye sagqiba ukuba hambo ukungaphumeleli, ngenxa yokuba uchithe imali eninzi, yaye ngenxa oomatiloshe ababa ukuba nantoni na ebalulekileyo. I-British wayenethemba lokuba ukufumana indlela ngqo ulwandle "Cathay" okanye "Indiya", yaye wafumana ilizwe entsha kwaye phantse kuyo kuphela. Ngenxa yale kangangamashumi eminyaka embalwa ezayo, abahlali Albion akazange enze iinzame ngakumbi ukuze ufumane eyona ndlela imfutshane ukuya eMpuma Asia.

Sebastian Cabot

Dzhon Kabot, uyise Sebastian kaThixo, ngokucacileyo, baphenjelelwa kakhulu unyana wakhe, xa ucinga ukuba kwanasemva kokufa kwakhe, waqhubeka nomsebenzi kayise waza waba Umatiloshe. Emva kokubuyela kuhlola, apho uye indawo uyise emva kokufa kwakhe, Sebastian iye yakwazi ngempumelelo ubugcisa babo.

Wamenywa ukuba eSpeyin, apho waba ingaya, yaye ngo-1526-1530 koko wabubhekisa uhambo enkulu waya kunxweme yoMzantsi Merika. Wakwazi ukufikelela umlambo eRio de la Plata, uze ukudada ukuze azise nge i Paraná eParaguay.

Emva kolu hambo phantsi kweflegi Spanish Sebastian wabuyela eNgilani, apho wamiselwa ukuba umphathi oyintloko Navy yeSebe, yaye kamva waba ngomnye wabaseki kwizithuthi yaseBritani. Ephefumlelwe kwezimvo nguyise Dzhon Kabot, Sebastian wafuna ukufumana indlela elwandle Asia.

Aba ezimbini wamazwe ezaziwayo-kakuhle awakwenzayo kakhulu kuphuhliso kumazwe amatsha. Nangona ukuba akuzange kube nzima kuphela 15-16 kwiinkulungwane th ukwenza uhambo olude kunye nokude hlobo, kodwa ziyingozi, uyise nonyana nesibindi nikela ukuba izimvo zabo. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, Dzhon Kabot, ukuvulwa nenokuthi ngokwesiseko ukutshintsha ubomi baseYurophu, waza wafumanisa ukuba umele enze ntoni.