ECrimea - ukuzimela. Isimo se eCrimea. Map, iifoto

Ukuphendula kwiziganeko zakutshanje, mhlawumbi akukho bantu abo bangevanga malunga eCrimea. Lokuzimela evela Ukraine azamazama kwiRiphabliki i-Russian Federation. Yiyo le nto luxelwa umthetho siseko eyamkelwe kaRhulumente Duma ngoMatshi 2014. Endleleni, kokufumana imeko yakhe yabantu eCrimea kudlule phantse 100 iminyaka, ukusinda amahla ndinyuka. Yenza i uhambo encinane ibe imbali ngenjongo zokufumana ukuba uphi na amanyathelo zokwakha karhulumente kulo kwi Tavria yamandulo.

Njengenxalenye yoBukhosi Russian

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, usingasiqithi iCrimea yaba yinxalenye Russian Empire, nomunye ngo 1783. Ekuqaleni, ubume eCrimea iye ingachazwa ndawo, yaye ukususela 1802 - iphondo kunye nesixeko ezikhethekileyo abazahluleleyo Sevastopol, ukucinezelwa asebukhosini ngqo. Ukususela ngelo xesha kude kube namhlanje Sevastopol ebesoloko waba kwisigxina esikhethekileyo. Inkoliso yabantu baba AmaTatar, lingana abalimi karhulumente, kodwa waba ngaphezu yokugqibela, ekunene. Ngo-1917, ukwakhiwa labemi kwi usingasiqithi itshintshile, ngoku inkoliso baba baseRashiya Little kunye Russian, no-25% kuphela - nangezinto. A ikota yabantu - amaGrike bezithanga amazwe, amaJamani, Armenia, Bulgarians.

Imfundo Inkululeko lokuqala eCrimea

Xa kuthe lomlilo imfazwe yamakhaya kuphela abasemagunyeni ubungekho brand: bomvu, kunye interventionists German kunye White Guards Wrangel, noluhlaza. Emva kokuba ngoloyiso kwiBolsheviks kwizimo lomthetho kwiphondo Russian novosozdanom of eCrimea yatshintsha. Social Democrats iqonga lezopolitiko yayisekelwe ilungelo iintlanga self-determination, ukukwazi ukwenza eyakho imfundo yabo esidlangalaleni. Ekubeni kwi iCrimea AmaTatar ngokwembali belimiwe usingasiqithi, imeko esemthethweni ezifunyenweyo kunye eCrimea. Ukuzimela waba amalungelo ngendlela ebanzi ngaphakathi RSFSR. Xa kutyunjwa izikhundla yesigqeba, kuqala yanikwa nangezinto. UMgaqo-siseko ka-1936 kuqinisekiswa kwesi sikhundla. Kodwa ngokutsho 1939 ubalo, ukwakhiwa nobuhlanga ukuzimela iCrimea kodwa wagqiba ukwanda abantu Russian phezu nabameli bezinye iintlanga, nezizwe (50%), malunga nama-20% kuphela kunye iCrimea nangezinto. Ekusondeleni level-14% Ukrainian, amaYuda aba-5.8% kuphela, amaJamani - 4.5%. Ngaphambi kwemfazwe kwi eCrimea sele iqalile ukwenza ukugxothwa yamaGrike, Bulgarians, amaJamani, ngoko inani lazo liye lehla.

A bit malunga imiqathango

Ethetha sokumiswa iCrimea, simele siqonde ukuba kuthetha ntoni ukuzimela kwaphela? NgesiGrike, eli gama lithetha ukuzimela, ukuzimela. Ngamafutshane, kwi-sikhokelo bengatshatanga kusenokubakho iindawo ukuba abe nenkululeko athile inani lemiba, umgaqo-siseko wayo kunye nemithetho musa iyaphikisana imithetho esisiseko karhulumente xa iyonke, abasemagunyeni lomthetho nelesigqeba. Xa urhulumente waseSoviet republic ezimeleyo ziye zasekwa ngakwisizwe. Ngoko ke, eCrimea - ukuzimela, owayebonakele ngenxa yabahlali Tatar losingasiqithi. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ukuzimela ibonwa zeyunithi sendawo-yezolawulo, nto leyo esekelwe ezahlukeneyo mpawu abulawe. amazwe amaninzi, kwanabo bavakalisa ngokwabo ecalanye, kufuneka imimandla lokuzimela nasemazweni kumafa yayo.

Izama ukwenza i Inkululeko yamaYuda

Inkululeko yamaYuda eCrimea - oko kunokuba a azo iphupha elipinki yamaYuda ngaphezu leyinene. Eyokuqala izama ukuzisa ubomi ingcamango edala a yamaYuda karhulumente zezikaYe- 20 th ngonyaka. In kwiindawo ezisemantla losingasiqithi kukho gqa ke ilizwe enabantu apho amaYuda resettle ukuze udale uthungelwano loluntu eyayiza kuba sisiseko republic yesizwe. Imizamo ukwenza lo msebenzi wabalekela eziliqela iingxaki. Okokuqala, kwaba neze kuluncedo abantu Tatar lwasekuhlaleni, nto leyo ngokwayo kakubi abadinga umhlaba. Le yinzuzo kwisizwe titular ngelo xesha ngokukhutheleyo wathethelela Veli Ibraimov, usihlalo iCrimea Central iKomiti eLawulayo. Kwaye, nangona amatshantliziyo inyathelo angamaYuda kuphelisa ezandleni zayo le OGPU, enye ingxaki yaba nzima ukuphatha ngakumbi. Ayelele ngoyena ndoqo uhlanga lwamaYuda. Ngoko ke bambalwa kakhulu kubo abakwaziyo yaye ukulungele ukwenza imisebenzi yezolimo. Uninzi abafuduki wabahlalisa kwiidolophu (malunga 40,000 ngabantu), yaye ezinye 10,000 abasahlala kweli lizwe zafumana ubunzima obukhulu ukutya kwimimandla abahlala kuyo. Baxabana nabantu Tatar basekuhlaleni, ukunganeliseki iyanda ngenxa nkqubo collectivization. Imephu eCrimea ngexesha ibonisa kwizithili ezimbini ezinkulu kwabemi zamaYuda: Larindorfsky kunye Fraydorfsky. Kodwa ngo-1938 kunikwe kwakho AmaYuda eCrimea wayeka. Ngale projekthi kuba ixesha ulibele, ingakumbi i Far East republic nekomkhulu layo Birobidzhan yadalwa.

Ukuphelisa le Ukuzimela lokuqala iCrimea

Emva kokuba inkululeko eCrimea ngo-1944, iinkokheli zamaJuda Committee Antifascist owavuswayo umba okuzimela yamaYuda. Kodwa ke indawo yenkokheli eSoviet ngelo xesha ngqo ngakumbi kwaye zicacile. Yena wakhanyela amathuba zokudala umbuso yamaYuda. Ngaphezu koko, lo ukugxothwa ubunzima nangezinto nezinye izizwe usingasiqithi lwenziwa emva kwemfazwe, kuba "closed" ezingenabani. Baza isimo eCrimea. Juni 25, 1946 izilungiso kuMgaqo-siseko RSFSR, nawaleyo isakhiwo lolawulo lwengingqi karhulumente. Iziphumo inguqulelo ukuzimela ubume iCrimea lommandla. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, isikhundla esikhethekileyo, enyanisweni kubalwe imeko kummandla iCrimea Sevastopol ezifunyenweyo.

ECrimea ibe yinxalenye Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Izizathu okutshintshela eCrimea ukuya Ukraine azikho kakuhle kude kube ngoku. Abanye Ukugxeka ukuzikhethela Nikity Hruscheva, ngubani nje wenza isenzo kwexesha nakwiimvakalelo. Ukongeza, kukho ezinye izenzo zakhe, leyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubungqina isizathu enjalo. Abanye bathi eli nyathelo kakhulu esinengqiqo nesebenzayo. Okokuqala, ukususela kwinqanaba Ngenxa umda eqhelekileyo. Okwesibini, ngenxa yeengxaki kwezoqoqosho lobonelelo lombane kunye namanzi ukusuka kummandla Ukraine. Okwesithathu, kusenjalo single likarhulumente - eSoviet Union, ekuweni ebekungekho namnye kusengaphambili kwaye akwazi ukubona. Yiba ukuba kunjalo, ubume eCrimea kwakhona yatshintsha ngo-1954. Ngaphezu koko, lo mthetho ukutshintshwa eCrimea abazange egqubuthele umba Sevastopol, leyo ebesoloko a okhethekileyo isikhundla njenge aselwandle kumila Russia.

Nalapha, ukuzimela

Ngowe-1990, xa eSoviet Union wakhula kuphikisana zesizwe, agalelwa-ekuthiwa "kuluhlu sovereignties", kanye iCrimea yoMmandla Council of yamaSekela baqalisa kwakhona ukuba baxoxe ngesimo ka eCrimea. Ukungqinelana nomgaqo-nkqubo we elubala, ukuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpazamo urhulumente waseSoviet ngayo ngokunxulumene ukugxothwa kwabantu kunye wokubuyiswa iCrimea AmaTatar kwilizwe lawo yembali, kwagqitywa ukwamkela ukutshona iCrimea ukuzimela amanyathelo ngokomgaqo. Ekubeni kwabhengezwa ukuba eCrimea - ukuzimela ngaphakathi eSoviet Union ngoko ke isifundo epheleleyo Union State. Ukuze baxhase le isigqibo usingasiqithi, kwabanjwa zimvo. Uninzi baba ukuxhasa isigqibo seBhunga iCrimea kunye ukuze kwakhiwe inkululeko yesizwe eSoviet Union.

Degree lokuzimela ngaphakathi Ukraine

Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union, iCrimea Peninsula Crimeans sele wabonakala Ukraine. Njengoko wamkelwe ku Meyi 1992, i iCrimea siseko, kwabhalwa ukuba Republic of eCrimea kukuthi lobunganga karhulumente ngaphakathi Ukraine. umongameli we eCrimea yaziswa kunyaka olandelayo. KaYuri Meshkov iphumelele unyulo lwentando yesininzi yaye waba ngowokuqala uMongameli weRiphabliki. Kodwa ke imithetho Ukraine, zonke ezi zigqibo babe ongumgqakhwe, ngowe-1995, Z Kuchma ububhangisile siseko eCrimea kunyaka 1992. Kuphela emva kokuba ezininzi imvume ngo-1998 yamkele siseko Ukuzilawula Republic of eCrimea (Ukuzilawula Republic of eCrimea). ukugcina ubume likarhulumente eCrimea - umsebenzi ophambili iye kubulawa. ulwimi Russian, kunye iCrimea Tatar, uye wafumana iwonga esemthethweni yathatyathwa ulwimi nonxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Sekunjalo, ilungelo ukuzimela eCrimea abazange ziyachazwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye yabangela impikiswano zombini eUkraine kunye eCrimea. UMgaqo-siseko ngowe-1998, ehambelana imithetho Ukraine kwixesha elizayo njengokuba ngasonye.

Iimbambano phezu lokuzimela

Iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 e-Ukraine akazange aphelise ngokucalula ukuzimela iCrimea ka Ukraine. namasekela ezininzi Verkhovna rada wabongoza kukuhlutha Republic of ubume bayo, kumzekelo ka-1946 sakujika. Iziphakamiso zaye zenziwa ukubamba vo bonke-Ukrainian kwi umba. It yaphawula ukuba ubukho balo kukwaphulwa ingqibelelo kunye nomanyano karhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, yabemi eCrimea soze bazive bekhuselekile, oluzinzileyo ekhuselekileyo. Ukongeza, iintsingiselo pro-Russian kule ndawo wahlala womelela ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye iqhubeka zisekelwe e Sevastopol Russian Black Sea Fleet.

Phuma kwi Ukraine

Ngokunxulumene lezopolitiko ntlekele kwi Ukraine kunye nokomelezwa intshukumo anti-Russian ngasekupheleni 2013 - ekuqaleni 2014, abasemagunyeni iCrimea ndibize ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuze kubuyiselwe odolo kweli lizwe. Kodwa Kiev "Maidan" kukhokelele ukugxothwa nguMongameli owanyulwa ngentando yesininzi kunye nokudluliselwa amandla lasekunene-iphiko amaqela olukhulu ezopolitiko. Kule nkalo, le eCrimea ekupheleni kukaFebruwari siye saqalisa amanyathelo asebenzayo kwaye isigqibo imikhosi pro-Russian, ngubani ingqalelo ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba zithathe inxaxheba kwiziganeko Ukrainian, bevela ithi eneenkani. Nakuba eYurophu, eRashiya inkxaso liphulo eCrimea nkqu wayikhupha imikhosi iPeninsula yokugxotha iingxabano kunokwenzeka kwabasemagunyeni Kiev. Emva zimvo, elinesithandathu ngoMatshi 2014 kwaba lula ukuba ndibhenele ukuba urhulumente Russian Federation nesicelo ukuthatha iGunya kunye nesixeko Sevastopol kwi Izwe Russian karhulumente. Ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, zonke izigqibo kwavunyelwana phakathi kwamasebe karhulumente. Map of eCrimea ukusuka zibomvu mthubi-blue ezimhlophe, eluhlaza obomvu umbala Russia eyona Internet-injini.

ECrimea and Sevastopol - ezi zifundo ze-Russian Federation

Ngoko ke, ngoMatshi 2014 eRashiya zaye ziqhotyoshelwe ngamaziko azimeleyo Sevastopol kunye eCrimea. Ukuzimela, apho balwa elide kangaka abemi siqithi, iye yaphela, kodwa kukho Republic of eCrimea. Phambi kokuba January 1, 2015 ibhengeze kwixesha lotshintsho apho kungekho lahleko uluntu kufuneka uye ngokusebenzisa inkqubo uhlanganiso. Uphuhliso umthetho siseko yaye ngoku, kweli xesha izenzo 1998 UMgaqo-ARC. Uluntu lwehlabathi sele ayaziwa begazi ye eCrimea ne-Russia (noxa kwemiqathango zezembali ezibalulekileyo, uqoqosho kunye nezentlalo), kodwa oko akuthethi Esam nokuba Russian okanye urhulumente iCrimea. Kiev aphicothe okwenzekayo njengoko umsebenzi Russian yommandla wabo. Silindele nomzabalazo ingqalelo ngamazwe.