Igalaji ephantsi ngezandla zabo: ukhetho lwezinto zokwakha kunye nobugcisa bokwakha

Ukuba uya kuthenga imoto, iya kufuna igaraji. Oku kufunyanwa kubaninzi kubaninzi, ngokunjalo abanini abatshatshalweyo beendlela zabo zokuthutha bazama ukwakha igaraji elincinci ngezandla zabo. Ubuchwephesha bokwakha bwanamhlanje kukuvumela ukuba uyakhe ngexesha elifutshane, uchithe ubuncinci bemali.

Ukhetho lwezinto

Isisombululo esincinci kunazo zonke ezindongeni ziya kuba yiibhloko ze-slag kunye neebhloko ze-foam. Ezi zilandelayo zilungele ukubeka, kungenxa yoko abathengi bakhetha ukukhonkxa kweselula rhoqo. Ukuba ucinga ngombuzo wendlela yokwakha igaraji elincinci, kufuneka uqaphele ibhloko le-foam, elinesisindo esiphantsi, ngoko ke ngomsebenzi womsebenzi uya kukwazi ukujongana nomntu omnye. Kuba igalaji enjalo isiseko esifanelekileyo sekhonkrithi, ububanzi besakhiwo sinokuba malunga ne-200 mm.

Ukucinga ngombuzo wendlela yokwakha igaraji elincinci, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba isiseko singcono ukwenza i-low, eyenza isakhiwo sibe nexabiso eliphezulu. Kuya kubakho iikerubhi ezintathu zekhonkrithi ukwakha igaraji eliqhelekileyo elinomlinganiselo we-3 x 6 m Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiseko siya kufuneka sibekwe ngu-0.9 m. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba le parameter ayilungile, kuba kuyimfuneko ukubeka isiseko phantsi komgca wokugqithisa umgca womhlaba.

Ukufuna ukwakha igaraji elincinci ngezandla zabo, kufuneka uqaphele kwakhona uphahla olungabizi. Ngokwesiko, yinto enye ehamba kunye neprogram yokhuni kunye neengubo zengubo. Ukwandisa iindleko ezincinci kuya kwanele ukufaka kuphela ikreta phantsi kwe-slate. Ukususela ekusebenziseni i-ondulin kungcono ukunqanda, kuba iya kunyusa iindleko zokupakisha phantse kabini.

Ukwakhiwa kwegaraji eyenziwe ngekrekri ephawulwayo

Ukuba ucinga ngombuzo wento yokwakha igaraji, unokukhetha ukrektri ochanekileyo. Isiseko asinokuba yinto elula kuphela, kodwa i-monolithic. Iingcaphephe zincoma ukusebenzisa i- slab eqinisekisiwe. Ngokunceda, kuya kubakho ukusabalalisa umthwalo ngokusemgangathweni, okuza kunciphisa i-sediment deformation kwi-minimum.

Ukuba uphonsela injongo yokwenza izakhiwo ezincinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-band okanye isiseko esidibeneyo, esenziwe ngekhonkrit eqinisekisiwe kunye nebhanti ye-monolithic. Emva kokuba kugqitywe isiseko kunye nokuthulula ikhonkrithi kunokuqala ukwakha izindonga.

Umqolo wokuqala kufuneka uqhutywe kwinqanaba elibekwe ngaphambili, kwaye ukuba unquma ukusebenzisa i-slab yasekhonkrithi ene-monolithic, iibhloko zekhonkrithi zifakwe ngqo kwi-siseko. Oku kuya kuvumela ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okuphezulu ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokusetyenziswa kweencwadi. Iingcali zincoma ukuthenga i-hydroglass, ebeka phezu kwe-mastic.

Ukulungiswa kweNdonga

Ukuba, xa ugqiba umbuzo wento yokwakha igaraji, ukhethe iibhloko zeerkrithi ezikhethiweyo, ngoko ukubeka kwazo kufuneka kwenziwe nge-ligation yamalungu. Sebenzisa njengombumba womxube womxube okanye i-glue. Ikhetho lokugqibela liza kuba neendleko ezincinci, kodwa ukusebenza nale mxube kulula kakhulu kwaye kulula. Ubungakanani bomthunzi bunokufikelela kumda we-3 ukuya ku-5 mm, ngoxa xa usebenzisa isisombululo le parameter iya kunyuka ibe ngu-1 cm.

Yonke imigangatho emibini yokugubungela kufuneka ibe nokuxinwa kwesinyithi, imida yayo ibe ngamasentimitha ambalwa kufuneka ikhuphe ngaphaya kweendonga, eziya kuvumela ukulawula ukufakwa kwezixhobo. Xa ikhonkrithi ekhutshiwe isetyenziswe, iifom zibekwe ngaphaya kokuvulwa kwamasango. Ngomnye umatshini, ububanzi bokuvula bu malunga ne-3 m, ngelixa kumashishini amabini kunokwenzeka ukuvula ngokubanzi ngokubanzi ukuya kwi-6 m.

Ibhuloho kufuneka yenziwe ngamacangci amabini eprofayili, nganye leyo ine-shelf ye-100 mm. Amacangca kufuneka abekwe kwimida yeebhloko aze agcinwe ngamacwecwe ensimbi okanye ukuqiniswa kwiindawo ezininzi. Emva koko imimandla imele ifakwe kwi-primer. Ibhuloho kufuneka ifakwe kwisitya esifanayo esisetyenziselwa ukubeka iibhloko zekhonkrithi. Umda weburiti emacaleni omabini makabekwe kwiindonga ngobude be-200 mm. Ukuba uceba ukuxhobisa uvulo olubanzi, uya kufuneka ubale i-boriti, ucinge ngomthwalo kwi-bend.

Ukwakhiwa kwegaraji ukusuka kwikhonkthi ephazamisekileyo, kuya kufuneka uzalise ukwakhiwa kweendonga, kuphela emva kokuba ungaya kumabhande abo. Uyilo lwabo luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokuphahla, ukugqithwa kunye nempawu zeendonga. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imithwalo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko yokumisa umgangatho wesibini, kuya kufuneka kubekho ukubeka ikhonkrithi ye- konolithic. Ukuze ulungise uphahla lweentonga zokhuni, kufuneka ubeke i-Mauerlat, yimiqulu okanye iplanga. Kufuneka ichaneke, kwaye ngaphambi kokubeka ibha yokumisa kwiindonga ozifunayo ukubeka ukungena kwamanzi kwe-bitumen mastic and roll material.

Ukongeza kwindlela yokuhlola umgodi

Igalaji ukusuka kwikhonkthi ekhuni ingadinga ilungiselelo lomgodi wokubukela. Ngenxa yale njongo, umgodi uphunyewe, ubukhulu bezinto eziza kuba zilandelayo 1.5 x 0.8 x 1.8 mm. Izindonga zangaphakathi zomgodi kufuneka zenziwe ngezitena, kwaye zigqitywe nge-plaster. Ukuqhuba umsebenzi onjalo kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa isitena se-slag, esinokukhuseleka kwamanzi.

Ukutywala, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa inxalenye yesimente kunye neengxenye ezine zesanti, zihlanjululwa ngamanzi. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, iindonga zidwetshiwe. Kwi-perimeter ungayifaka isakhelo esidiwe kwiinkalo zephrofayili. Ukuze ulungise umgangatho, ungasisebenzisa isisombululo esifanayo kwisiseko. Ubungakanani boluhlu lube malunga nama-70 mm.

Ukwakhiwa kwegaraji kwi-block blocks: ukulungiswa kwesiseko

Igalaji evela kwibloko ye-cinder ingafakwa kwisiseko sekhonkrithi. Akuyi kuba yinto ephantsi nje kuphela, kodwa nayo iyona elula ukuyenza. Ukuqala, umsele unxweme, ngaphantsi kwezinto ezibekwa ngayo itywala. Izithuba kufuneka zithunyelwe nge-samente. Kufuneka usebenzise isisombululo se-M-150 okanye ngaphezulu.

Ukuze uzilungiselele iPortland samente 400 kufuneka ixutywe ngesanti kunye namanzi. Iinqwelo ziza kufuna ezininzi ukwenzela ukufezekisa ukuhamba komxube. Ukufaka ifowuni malunga nomjikelezo womsele, kuyimfuneko ukufaka ifom yomsebenzi. Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kwamacandelo amabini okuphahlala kubeka phezu kweso.

Ukulungiswa kweendonga kunye nophahla

Ngokuthenga izinto zokwakha ezincinci, ungaqala ukwakha izindonga. Kuze kube ngoko, amasango afakelwe, okuya kuqiniswa kwindawo yokugubha njengoko kukhwakhiwe. Xa ufaka iibhloko ze-slag, kubalulekile ukugcina ukugqoka kwamalungu. Qalisa ukufakelwa kweemveliso kwiinkalo, ukudonsa intambo phakathi kwabo.

Ukuze kuqhutywe, i-I-beam 120 mm imitha kufuneka isetyenziswe. Ubude bawo bube ngama-25 cm ngaphezu kobubanzi begumbi. Kukho izinto kwigalaji kunye nesiteji sama-80 cm, ukwenzela ukuba izakhi ziphinda umthamo wodonga olude. Emva kokugqitywa kwale mi sebenzi, unokuqhubeka nokuthunga komgangatho. Kusuka kumgangatho we-40 mm weemitha ezibekwayo, phezu kwazo izinto eziphahlayo.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo sibeka i-slag, i-slab okanye i-udongwe eyandisiweyo. Ngokwakha igaraji elincinci ngezandla zakho, kufuneka ukhathazeke kukuba ngexesha lokusebenza akudingi ukulungiswa kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo. Ngenxa yoko, xa ubeka uphahla kuyimfuneko ukuyihoxisa emva nangaphambili phambi kwe-20 cm. Ezi zivalo zingabandakanyi ukugaxwa kweendonga ngexesha lemvula. Ngaphezulu kwezinto zokuphahla kunye ne-slag screed isetyenziswe, ubuninzi obufanele bube ngu-20 mm. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, uphahla lukhuselekile kwi-humemast okanye i-aquaizol.

Izixhobo zokwakha igaraji ukusuka kwiprofayili yensimbi

Igalaji yepayipi yeprofayili ibiza i-30,000 kuphela. Ukuqokelela isakhelo, ungasebenzisa umshini wokulumala okanye ukudibanisa. Emva kokugqitywa kwendibano yesidumbu, umgangatho wayo kufuneka ukhuseleke nge-primer kunye nobunqamle bepende esetyenziswe kwisigaba sokugqibela.

Iqonga eligqibekileyo lihlanganiswe ngamakhishithi ensimbi efihliweyo. Ukukhusela isakhelo, ungasebenzisa iilisi ezikhethekileyo, ezifanelekileyo nakwiindawo eziqhekezayo. Olu khetho aluyi kusindisa imali kuphela, kodwa nexesha. Xa ufaka ipeyinti, isalathisi sokukhusela senziwa, esiqeda ukubola.

Ukwakhiwa kwegalaji eyenziwe ngamatye

Igalaji yamapulangwe iya kukwazi ukumelana nesiseko se-monolithic, esiya kuba ngumgangatho onamandla. Emva kokuba isisombululo siye saqina, kuyimfuneko yokwenza ibhanti engaphantsi kweebhodi, ubukhulu bayo buyi-100 x 500 mm.

Ukwakhiwa kwamasango kunye nezithuba zekona kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa imivalo yesikwele ngapha kwe-100 mm. Ukwandisa amandla esidumbu emacaleni, kuyimfuneko ukufakela ama-struts. Ukwakha igalaji elinjalo, izinto zokwakha ziya kuba zincinci kuwe. Emva kokugqitywa komsebenzi kwisakhelo, kunokwenzeka ukuqala ukulungiswa kwephahla. Ngenxa yoko, iiplanu eziyi-100 x 25 mm zisetyenzisiweyo, ezixutywe ngamaphepha eprofi.

Isiphelo

Igalaji ephantsi ngezandla zayo ingazakhelwa ngokufaka isango lomthi. Iindleko zabo eziqhathaniswa nesinyithi ziya kuba ziphantsi, kunye nokuthembeka. Ngaphandle kokuba ingaphakathi ligqibe ixabiso legaraji lingancitshiswa ngakumbi. Kodwa ukuba usebenza ngokwakho, ungasindisa kwiinkonzo zeengcali. Qinisekisa ukuba zeziphi izinto eziza kukhetha, unako ngokufunda ulwazi kwinqaku. Ngezantsi, ubuchwepheshe bokukwakha igalaji engabizi kuya kufakwa.