Imbali umzi eOmsk: umhla kwisiseko, indawo ahlala kuyo, indwe, isitalato

EOmsk - mzi wesibhozo kunezizwana eli lizwe. It is a hub emikhulu yezithuthi, apho Access nemizila uMlambo Irtysh kunye Transsiberian. umdla Huge yimbali lomzi eOmsk, kokukhona ukuba imizila lokuqala ubukho bomntu endaweni yayo lilungu le nkulungwane BC-6.

indawo okuyo

EOmsk ise emazantsi eWest Siberian Plain, xa intlanganisela umlambo Om kunye Irtysh. Umgama ukuya eMoscow tye 2242 km kwaye ema emdeni kunye Kazakhstan - malunga 150 km. Esi sixeko ibekwe kwindawo ngexesha yesi-4, yaye li- ummandla 572 square metres. km.

igama

Iingcali nangoku babebanga ukuba okanye hayi segama elithi "eOmsk". Imbali igama laloo mzi ngendlela engacacanga. Kukho uguqulelo ukuba le nto ndiyibhalayo oonobumba bokuqala amazwi ibinzana elithi "indawo Zikude igweba ekuthinjweni." Noko ke, inkoliso abaphandi kubona uxhulumaniso kunye igama Om River. Xa ubabalo uguqulelo yesibini kukuba eli gama ndawo wabonakala elide phambi kokuba wabonakala eOmsk ezintolongweni ngenxa igweba.

Imvelaphi ukuvela eOmsk

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, abantu bokuqala yahlala kule ndawo kwi Stone Age. Oku kungqinwa ezinqabileyo amaninzi afumaneka ngexesha ngabembi kwi kummandla eOmsk yokupaka. Ukuze endaweni nabo Neolithic weza abameli kwezinye inkcubeko eziphuhlileyo ngakumbi, osetekenini ubugcisa zodongwe, yaye kamva ngawo izizwe, walahlekelwa njengomthwebeba sobhedu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Androns. umngcwabo abo bafunyanwa kwindawo apho kwake ibekwe eOmsk inqaba, yaye yintoni na ke ngoku, iMyuziyam lesitalato. Ngoko, kwi 12 km ukusuka emlonyeni Omi irmentsami ukuba yokuhlala esekelwe, kwathatha malunga-10 ukuya kwi-8 BC kwinkulungwane. e. Emva abemi kwezi ndawo ziye kulaytsy, yaye kamva ayengathathelwa indawo Huns awayesuka kummandla zamanzi.

Isiseko se eOmsk inqaba

Xa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-16 Oirat abantu balapha, naye Russia zokubonisana ziye zasekwa, kuba zisekelwe Omi wacela sixeko ukuze awukhusele behlasela Hotogoytskogo Khanate. Noko ke, imizi-1620-1630 le meko itshintshe. Xa oyravy ethile, iqukwe Jungar khanate kwaqala ukuphazamisa abemi Tarski County. Nantsi ke imbangi yokuba umbusi wendawo ngo-1627 wathumela abathunywa ukuya eyinkunzi kunye nesicelo ukuya stockade isiseko kwi emlonyeni Om. Nangona wonke uyayiqonda imfuneko elo nyathelo, iimeko ixesha elide kuthintele ukuphunyezwa kwayo. Xa uPeter Omkhulu ikhokelwa Colonel Ivana Buhgoltsa yafakwa uhambo, apho wakha inqaba phezu kolwandle Yamishevskay. imbonakalo yakhe kwathathwa Dzhungars ezinobutshaba ngubani Wangqingwa ke Fort Russian, kwaye emva kokuba umkhankaso wamshiya, yadilizwa. Kodwa Ivan Buhgolts akazange anikezele kunye, ukuya emlonyeni Om, wamisa inqaba entsha. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba esi siganeko senzeka 4-5 Meyi 1716 kwi indlela yakudala, leyo ethetha ukuba umhla lesakhelo eOmsk - nge-16 Meyi. Phezu koko, ngokuba eminyaka emininzi Day City lubhiyozelwa kwi Cawa yokuqala ka-Agasti.

18 leminyaka

Isiganeko iphambili yale xesha kwakhiwe inqaba ngelitye engama-50. Ekuqaleni le sakhiwo nawo zenzelwe ukuba iinqaba libalulekileyo kwimpuma yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Ngenxa imililo rhoqo ezivele ngeenxa isixeko izihlandlo ngokutsha eziliqela, ngokufuthi nokuxuba. Ngowe-1785, lo ummiselo uKumkanikazi uCatherine II yavunywa yi kophawu iingalo isixeko eOmsk, leyo, ezinye iinguqulelo lisetyenziswa namhlanje.

19 leminyaka

Imbali umzi eOmsk ukusuka kwisiseko ngokusondeleyo ababuyayo kunye igweba. Ngokukodwa, bekukho elubhacweni Decembrists N. Basargin, N. Chizhov, V. Steingel kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19 eOmsk yaba liziko yolawulo yokuqala West eSiberia irhuluneli-jikelele, nasemva - emathafeni. Ngowe-1850-1854 gg. kwintolongo sendawo entolongweni umbhali Russian omkhulu F. M. Dostoevsky. Ushiye ubungqina nanto ebomini kweso sixeko ngexesha lembali yalo, nto leyo ingafunyanwa kwi amaphepha encwadi "Indlu Abafileyo."

Ngowe-1894-1895 gg. kweso sixeko wegqitha Transsiberian. Esi siganeko nempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso yaseOmsk. Wajika libe hub yothutho enkulu kumzantsi eSiberia, waza waqala apho ukuphuhlisa urhwebo noshishino.

kwenkulungwane yama-20

Kwathi kwabakho lo amashishini zoshishino kunye idepho uloliwe enkulu yakhokelela lokusekwa izangqa yotshintsho olululo. Ngowe-1905, eOmsk inxaxheba Rally yokunikana ukuxhasa elikomkhulu sabasebenzi.

Ekupheleni kuka-1914 imikhosi wesixeko amabanjwa isiHungary emfazwe waqala ukwakha ye-Ofisi zikaloliwe, kunye namanzi eOmsk kwavulwa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva.

Iziganeko olululo Petrograd ngokukhawuleza ndifumene intlokoma phakathi kwabasebenzi balo mzi. Kamsinya nje urhulumente omtsha kunye Red Guards kwasekwa. Ngelo xesha elifanayo iinzame eziliqela ukuvukela, ngexesha apho kwizitalato eOmsk waba ekulweni izikhundla. Enye maxesha anzima kwimbali somzi kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka wama-1918. Sele phakathi eOmsk zasehlotyeni kushiywe iiBolsheviks, kwaye ngawo ekuthiwa urhulumente yethutyana, leyo wangena AV Kolchak. Ngenxa yoko, ngexesha leMfazwe Civil, isixeko yayilikomkhulu White Russia.

Kweli xesha eSoviet

Ngo-1921 kwakukho isiganeko, hayi indlela engcono kuluchaphazela kusini na uphuhliso mzi; imisebenzi iziko eSiberia zolawulo zadluliselwa Novonikolayevsk, apho kamva ulinike ku naseNovosibirsk. Le meko kuphela emva kwemfazwe. Ngowe-1947, eOmsk ezichongiweyo kwi ukuzimela lolawulo kunye nezoqoqosho iziko-mali yayo ethile kunganxulunyaniswa udidi izixeko ngaphantsi republic. Vula isixeko ibe sisixeko mveliso enkulu endinceda yokuba ngexesha WWII babalekiswa, iingxilimbela ezininzi industrial inxalenye yaseYurophu yelizwe apho. Ngenxa yoko, nathi izityalo yerabha ezithambileyo wokucokisa ioli esekelwe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngokuthe ngcembe wanda kwesixeko, isitalato entsha eOmsk. Herzen melly Khmelnitsky kunye nabanye, kwakunye kwiindawo ezifana Oilers dolophu.

Imbali umzi eOmsk: zenkulungwane yama-21

Le ekuqaleni kwewaka entsha yabalasela iingxaki zoqoqosho, neengcambu zakhe ezibe ebizwa ngokuba yi-nineties ukwaphulwa. Noko ke, umzi ukududuzela ngempumelelo uninzi lwazo namhlanje ibonisa Dynamics ezintle lophuhliso kwiindawo ezininzi.

Ngowe-2002, waye wamkelwa ingubo mihla iingalo isixeko yaseOmsk. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, oko kufana Catherine, kodwa wongezelela ukuya Crest, sekwenziwe endala ngohlobo amasebe oki zegolide abaqhagamshelwe Aleksandrov tape.

Ngoku uyazi imbali isixeko yaseOmsk. Qiniseka ukuba kububona ubone ezinomtsalane ezininzi, ekukhoyo kuzo izinto abaphantsi ukhuselo UNESCO.