Russian-Japanese imfazwe ka-1904-1905: izizathu kunye neziphumo

Enye imizabalazo ezinkulu uthathwa imfazwe Russian-Japanese ka-1904-1905. Izizathu kuba iza kuxutyushwa kwinqaku. Ngenxa ngqu isetyenziswe Zempi guns, ixesha-uluhlu zokudubula, kubabulali.

Umongo wale mfazwe yaba kwezi emphaya ezimbini usilwa wayeya kulawula Far East. Russian uMlawuli Nicholas II ingqalelo njengomba ophambili ukomeleza impembelelo yamandla ayo e-East Asia. Kwangaxeshanye, * uKhesare uxwebhu olusisiseko of Japan wafuna ukufumana ulawulo ngokupheleleyo Korea. Imfazwe yaba lokulwa.

ingxabano IMVELAPHI

Kuyaqondakala ukuba imfazwe Russian-Japanese ka-1904-1905 (izizathu ezidibene ne-East Far) zange uqale ngoko nangoko. Waye imvelaphi yakhe.

Russia uye kwi Central Asia kwimida kunye Afghanistan namaPersi, ezichaphazela izilangazelelo UK. ukungabinako ukwandisa kweli cala, ubukhosi yasiwa eMpuma. Kwakukho China, apho kungenxa ukugqiba kula umlaliso War kunye Taiping Imvukelo kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukudlulisela inxalenye yommandla Russian. Ngoko wavuka ulawulo lwe Primorye (ummandla Vladivostok mihla), i-Kuril Islands, inxalenye kwisiqithi Sakhalin. To connect imida ezikude zadalwa Trans-Siberian Railway, nto leyo umgca kaloliwe walungiselela unxibelelwano phakathi eChelyabinsk Vladivostok. Ukongeza kaloliwe, eRashiya izicwangciso norhwebelwano kuLwandle Yellow ngokusebenzisa ice-free ePort Arthur.

EJapan, ngelo xesha linye beka ukuguquka kwazo. Kanye ngamandla, * uKhesare uxwebhu olusisiseko ayeke lo mgaqo-self-wedwa waza waqalisa yotshintsho karhulumente. Zonke wokuguqula bakhe yimpumelelo kangangokuba emva kwenkulungwane yesine emva ekuqaleni uBukhosi wakwazi ukuba acinge nzulu malunga ukwanda yasemkhosini kwamanye amazwe. iinjongo yawo yokuqala China kunye Korea. uloyiso yaseJapan phezu China wamvumela ukuba ngo-1895, amalungelo eKorea, kwisiqithi Taiwan, kunye namanye amazwe.

Utsha ungquzulwano phakathi imibuso ezimbini ezinamandla ukuba ukubalasela e-East Asia. Isiphumo yaba imfazwe Russian-Japanese ka-1904-1905. Izinto ezibangela le impi ekufaneleke ukuba siyicinge ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

Eyona eziphambili ezibangela imfazwe

Kuba amagunya zombini nto kubalulekile ukubonisa impumelelo zabo bokulwa, ngoko kwenzeka imfazwe Russian-Japanese ka-1904-1905. Izinto ezibangela le impixano andixoki kuphela izimangalo kummandla China, kodwa kwiimeko emakhaya, nto leyo ngeli xesha sele ziphuhlisiwe kuzo zombini ubukhosi. Iphulo ngempumelelo emfazweni, hayi kuphela uphumeleleyo iinzuzo zoqoqosho, kodwa uphucula iwonga yayo ezweni futhi athule neentshaba ezikhoyo ngamandla yakhe. Babelindele ukuba lithi ezimbini kweli dabi? Yintoni unobangela eziyintloko Russian-Japanese War ka 1904-1905? Le theyibhile ingezantsi ishwankathela iimpendulo zale mibuzo.

Kungenxa yokuba kumagunya wafuna ukusombulula imfazwe, zonke izivumelwano musa ukuba iziphumo.

Ibhalansi imikhosi emhlabeni

Izinto ezibangela le Russian-Japanese War ka 1904-1905 bobabini zoqoqosho nezopolitiko. Kwicala Mpuma 23 zokudubula Brigade wathunyelwa evela eRashiya. Ngokumalunga inzuzo umkhosi lwamanani, inkokheli yeharim eRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, eMpuma, lo mkhosi kuphela kubantu 150 lamawaka. Noko ke, bathi saa kulo kwintsimi enkulu.

• Vladivostok - abantu 45,000.
• Manzhouli - abantu abangama-28,000.
• EPort Arthur - abantu 22000.
• Ukhuselo la - abantu 35,000.
• Zokudubula, amajoni injineli - kubantu 8000.

Eyona ngxaki inkulu yomkhosi Russian waba kwizikolo ezikude kakhulu ukusuka inxalenye yaseYurophu. Unxibelelwano ikhutshwa phandle yocingo, kunye nonikezelo - line Cel. Nangona kunjalo, lo ngololiwe azaba nakuzisiza inani eliqingqiweyo impahla. Ukongeza, inkokheli akazange abe iimaphu oluchanileyo ndawo, nto leyo iba nefuthe elibi ikhondo imfazwe.

Japan phambi kwempi umkhosi 375 amawaka abantu. Bona kakuhle izifundo ndawo, baba iimephu ngokuncomekayo. Umkhosi iye yaphuculwa ziingcali IsiNgesi namajoni sinyanisekile noMlawuli ekufeni.

Ibhalansi imikhosi phezu kwamanzi

Ukongeza sushi, kunye amadabi yenzeka phezu kwamanzi (oLwandle Yellow). Japan wakhokela nesinqanawa Admiral Togo Heyhatiro. umsebenzi yakhe ukuba ukuvala butho utshaba kufuphi ePort Arthur. Kwenye ulwandle (saseJapan) butho of Japan awachasa Vladivostok cruisers qela.

Ukuqonda ezibangela ukuba Russian-Japanese War ka 1904-1905, i-uxwebhu olusisiseko bukhosi elungiselwe imfazwe phezu kwamanzi ngokupheleleyo. iinqanawa ezinkulu ubuciko bayo idibene kwenziwa eNgilani, eFransi, eJamani, isikhulu kakhulu isitya Russian.

Eyona engundoqo iziganeko yemfazwe

Xa ngoFebruwari,-1904, imikhosi yaseJapan baqalisa bangaweleli Korea, umyalelo Russian abangazange baqhoboshele nayiphi ukubaluleka, nangona izizathu ezicacileyo War Russian-Japanese ka-1904-1905.

Ngokufutshane malunga siganeko engundoqo.

• 02.09.1904. impi Cruiser Historic "Varyag" nxamnye butho Japanese kufuphi Chemulpo.
• 02.27.1904. Japanese Navy ehlasela Russian ziko lomkhosi e Port Arthur, ngaphandle isibhengezo yemfazwe. I-Japanese kuqala kusetyenziswa torpedoes inkqonkqoze 90% ye-Pacific Fleet.
• April 1904 wengxabano wemikhosi emhlabeni, eyabonisa nokungafuni weRashiya ukuya emfazweni (ifom ukungafani, ukunqongophala iimephu zomkhosi, ukungakwazi uthango). Ngenxa yobukho amagosa Russian zangaphantsi ezimhlophe, amajoni Japanese ubalwa lula wambulala.
• May 1904 Ukuthatha kwizibuko Japanese kwikamva.
• Agasti 1904 I wokhuselo ngempumelelo Russian ePort Arthur.
• January 1905 Ukuhanjiswa ePort Arthur Stoessel.
• Meyi 1905 Sea Battle kwi Tsushima watshabalalisa fleet Russian (Vladivostok wabuyela inqanawa enye), ngelixa namnye enqanaweni Japanese wenzakala.
• Julayi 1905 Ukuhlaselwa imikhosi Japanese kwi Sakhalin.

imfazwe Russian-Japanese ka-1904-1905., ithetha izinto zibe kwezoqoqosho kwindalo, kukhokelele ngokuncipha amagunya zombini. Japan waqalisa ukukhangela iindlela zokusombulula imbambano. Yena wabhenela Ngoncedo i-United Kingdom nase-United States.

Battle of Chemulpo

Famous idabi kwenzeka kufuphi nonxweme Korea 9/2/1904 (isixeko Chemulpo). iinqanawa Russian ezimbini umthetho ngu Captain Vsevolod Rudnev. Zizo ezo Cruiser "Varyag" kunye iphenyane "Korean". Japan ibutho umthetho Sotokiti Uriu armadillo yayiquka 2, 4 cruisers, 8 kubabulali. Bavimba iinqanawa Russian kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba alwe.

Kusasa ngosuku ecacileyo "Varyag" kunye "Korean" bakuzuzile ababekungxamele, wazama ukuba niphume kule bay. Imbeko ukuphuma ukusuka kwizibuko umculo wabo baqalisa ukudlala, kodwa nje imizuzu emihlanu kwi kumgangatho wambetha alarm. Rose impi iflegi.

I-Japanese akazange alindele ukuba izenzo ezinjalo yaye wayethembe ukuba atshabalalise iinqanawa Russian kwi zibuko. Butho kotshaba ezikhawulezayo ukukhulisa ankile, edabini iindwe waqalisa ukulungiselela imfazwe. Le mpi yaqala kunye shot le "Asama". Kwafika kumlo weentonga ukugqojozwa kunye iqokobhe eziphakamileyo onokudubula ezivela macala omabini.

Amandla ukungalingani "Varyag" yayityhefwe ezonakeleyo, kunye Rudnev wagqiba ukuba abuyele phansi. Apho, i yaseJapan nako ukuqhubeka bechuba ngaphandle ingozi umonakalo iinqanawa yamanye amazwe.

Ukuhlisa i ankile, iqela i "Varyag" waqalisa ukufunda imo enqanaweni. Rudnev, elingumthombo, baya kuba isigqibo malunga ngokutshatyalaliswa Cruiser kunye inguqulelo iqela bakhe iinqanawa cala. Asizizo zonke izikhulu inkxaso isigqibo Rudnev, kodwa iiyure ezimbini kamva bakhutshwe iqela. "Varyag" wagqiba watshona kuvulwe amasango ayo. Imizimba oomatiloshe abafileyo ngexesha elifanayo bayishiya Cruiser.

Boat "Korean", kwagqitywa ukuqhushumba, ukuphuma phambi lo myalelo. Zonke izinto esele enqanaweni, watshisa amaxwebhu mfihlakalo.

Oomatrose zathathwa ngeenqanawa isiFrentshi, British kunye Italian. Emva ekuqhubeni zonke iinkqubo eziyimfuneko basiwa Odessa kunye Sevastopol, apho apheliswe kwizithuthi. Baba kwisivumelwano kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba isaqhubeka nokuthabatha inxaxheba kule ungquzulwano Russian-Japanese, ngoko abazange bavunyelwe kwi-Pacific Fleet.

Iziphumo impi

Le isivumelwano soxolo, Japan wavuma ukusayina kunye ukuthula epheleleyo eRashiya, nto leyo sele waqalisa ukuvukela. Ngokutsho Portsmunskomu uxolo isivumelwano (23/08/1905) eRashiya sanyanzeleka ukuba ukuzalisekisa ezi ngongoma zilandelayo:

1. Inkunkuma othi naseManchuria.
2. Ushiywe egameni Japan kwi Kuril Islands kunye nesiqingatha Sakhalin Island.
3. Ukuqaphela ilungelo yaseJapan eKorea.
4. Phezu eJapan ilungelo yokuqeshisa ePort Arthur.
5. Japan bahlawule indemnity ukuba "ulondolozo amabanjwa."

Ukongeza, ngokoyiswa kwi imfazwe yaba neziphumo ezibi eRashiya ngokungqinelana yezoqoqosho. Oku kwaqala ngxi kwezinye mveliso ngenxa ezibolekisa zawo zibhanki amazwe. Ukuphila kweli lizwe luphakame kakhulu. Mveliso baphikelela kwisigqibo ngokukhawuleza zoxolo.

Kwanabo amazwe ekuqaleni inkxaso Japan (UK kunye US), waqonda indlela nzima imeko eRashiya. Imfazwe kufuneka simiswe ukuze ukwalathisa bonke bezimpi kumzabalazo ochasene revolution, leyo zazisoyika siqinile ngokulinganayo jikelele.

Waqala intshukumo mass phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye namajoni. Umzekelo okuphawuleka kwimvukelo kwi wempi "Potemkin".

Oonobangela kunye neziphumo War Russian-Japanese ka-1904-1905 yakuqonda. Kuhleli ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na ilahleko ngokwabantu. Russia ilahlekelwe amawaka 270, apho 50,000 babulawa. Japan walahlekelwa inani elifanayo ngamajoni, kodwa wabulawa ngaphezu kwama 80 amawaka.

ngokubalulekileyo

imfazwe Russian-Japanese iminyaka 1904-1905, ithetha oonobangela baba kwezoqoqosho kunye zezopolitiko, lubonise iingxaki ezinkulu phakathi yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Sona eso sithene yabhalwa kunye Jikelele Kuropatkin. Imfazwe butyhileke iingxaki emkhosini, kwezikhali yayo, umyalelo, kwakunye nokusilela kwi yokubonisana.

Japan wayengekho waniliseke ngokupheleleyo sisiphumo thethwano. Urhulumente uye walahlekelwa kakhulu ekulweni nxamnye notshaba yaseYurophu. Wayenethemba lokuba bafumane mmandla ngakumbi, kodwa US ukuba aluxhaswanga yayo. Ngaphakathi lizwe lixubayele ukunganeliseki, kunye Japan iza kuqhuba indlela kwemikhosi.

anika umdla

imfazwe Russian-Japanese ka-1904-1905, i-izizathu ingqalelo indlela, bazisa kakhulu stratagems:

• sebenzisa of iiprojektha;
• ukusetyenziswa nocingo oluhlabayo phantsi kwempixano omkhulu ngelo xesha;
• ekhishini zasendle;
• Wireless okokuqala wavumela ukuba uzame yenqanawa mgama;
• inguqu lunokubenza ioli, nto leyo ongavelisi umsi kunye nokwenza neenqanawa ibonakale kangako;
• imbonakalo iinqanawa - imaleko zam, abo kunye kunyebeleziso imigodi;
• kwibutho.

Enye amadabi yobuqhawe imfazwe kunye Japan i imfazwe Cruiser "Varyag" kwi Chemulpo (1904). Njengoba umkhumbi "Korean" beya epheleleyo butho kotshaba. Kucacile yalahleka edabini, kodwa ke oomatiloshe kunjalo Ndenza inzame ukuba nempumelelo. Kwaba asiphumelelanga, kwaye ukuze anikezele, yalila ekhokelwa Rudnev zitshone inqanawa yakhe. Ngokuba nesibindi ubuqhawe, baye bawongwa indumiso uNicholas II. I-Japanese bebesenjenjalo umxhelo Rudnev nomlinganiswa kunye nokomelela noomatiloshe bakhe ukuba ngo-1907 kunikezelwa kuye Order LaseJapan heres Umthetheli Cruiser ezazikayo bayamkela mbasa, kodwa akuzange kwenziwe kwambatha.

Kukho ithiyori ngokwendlela apho yaseJapan wanikezela Stoessel ePort Arthur ngentlawulo. Njengokuba kude oluguqulelo ichanekile, itshekhi akunakwenzeka. Enoba oko, ngenxa yokuba iphulo lakhe inyathelo lalingayi kuphumelela. Ebudeni bale jikelele yena enetyala waza wagwetywa iminyaka 10 njengenqaba, kodwa wasixolela unyaka emva ekuthinjweni. Yena umnakekeli zonke izihloko kunye amabhaso, eshiya pension.