Battle of Stalingrad - inxalenye wayengekafiki yesicwangciso ngempumelelo?

I-Battle of Stalingrad wayengomnye iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kwinkulungwane XX. Ekupheleni kwayo, i Wehrmacht ezilahlekileyo-16% abasebenzi kunye isixa esikhulu izixhobo zomkhosi. Emva kweli dabi kulo lonke ihlabathi, kuye kwacaca ukuba uHitler akazange aphumelele emfazweni, kwaye ukuwa kwaso - ukuba kudlula ixesha.

Noko ke, namhlanje, abanye ababhali-mbali bathi ngoloyiso oluBomvu Army kunokubangela ukuba ukoyiswa epheleleyo amaNazi ngowe-1943, yaye ukuba banesizathu esivakalayo sokuba oku.

Idabi Stalingrad yaba kumqukumbelo ukuwa Hitlerism yaqala. It lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amabini: ukuzithethelela, ekhubekisayo. Ukuqala phakathi ku-Julayi 1942 ukuya ngoNovemba 18, imikhosi ka-General Weiss, injengele yomkhosi Group "B", wahlasela Stalingrad Front. Utshaba waba ithuba elithile lokuSetyenziswa kwaMandla oLuntu kunye nezixhobo, kwaye kwisithuba ngenyanga wakwazi ukuba kuchithwe ukuma abavikeli esi sixeko. Kweli nqanaba, ezizezi, Julayi 31, uHitler wenza impazamo qhinga, nto leyo enokukhokelela epheleleyo lahluleka Wehrmacht emkhosini. Sayiphosa owesine Panzer Army ukusuka eCaucasus ukuya kwiindawo iVolga ngethemba umgudu okhethekileyo ukuqhekeza uxhathiso.

umyalelo German babecinga ukuba idabi for Stalingrad sele eza kugqitywa ngempumelelo. Esi sixeko nako ukungena, nkqu awuthathe kakhulu. Emva kokuba iziqhushumbisi enkulu kunye nokuhlasela gqolo kwisangqa phambili Iikona yayo abile phantsi emlanjeni. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa ze Goebbels isifuba ukuba amaqela itanki Army 4 agalelwa iimoto zabo radiators iVolga amanzi, yaye kwaba yinyaniso. i abavikeli abakqazanga lomhlaba nokuziswa iimbumbulu, amayeza kunye nokutya ukuya amanzi kwakunzima kakhulu.

Bubushushu iingxelo noloyiso ezinye iingcali zomkhosi kuphela arhola ingqalelo yokuba Kwidabi Stalingrad wathatha indawo kwindalo, kwaye 6 Army German umnakekeli ithuba kushenxa, zixinge ekulweni esitalatweni phakathi kumabhodlo yezindlu. imikhosi yakhe saa ngayo kunye namakhulu yezindawo. Ilahleko enkulu yobomi abathwele Wehrmacht ngexesha amakhulu ukuhlaselwa, sisazama amandla ekhubekisayo.

Kweli nqanaba, i Soviet Jikelele Abasebenzi iphuhlise isicwangciso phantsi apho umkhosi Paulus kufuneka singqongwe wabatshabalalisa, uze nivuthele iqela lonke Rostov abaseAfrika kunqunyulwe bavala, nto leyo ibiya kuthetha ukuwa ngokupheleleyo wempi waseJamani. Kwingingqi ngobuchule ibalulekileyo kwimali ebekelwe bucala, imikhosi amaqela kwizigidi amaqela; ke ukugqithisela ukuba kwicala eSoviet. Ukuze kusetyenziswe le sicwangciso yebhongo kufuneka isicelo counter-nokuhlasela Don Front Rokossovsky kunye zantsi Front Vatutin. Inxalenye ephambili yesi sicwangciso yaba Idabi Stalingrad. Umhla Novemba 19 aphawula ukuqala i zimphathe nimrhawule 6 Army German.

Negalelo kwimpumelelo iimeko zemozulu (iqabaka, ukudityaniswa imali encinane ikhephu), iimpazamo qhinga uHitler elandelayo, wavala Paulus siphumele, iimpawu ukulwa ezibuthathaka amajoni isiRomania yaye Italian, babehlangene eJamani, akhusela emihlubulweni. Kwisikhululo Kalach Novemba 23 walwa zantsi kunye Don fronts wavala encirclement. Gott Panzer Army, apho wazama ukwaphula yaye kuvalwe, "ubunzima nantloni."

Lohlaselo eSoviet kwi ekukhuleni akazange athabathe indawo ngenxa uxhathiso zokunyanzelisa elide engqongwe nemikhosi yaseJamani. amajoni Wehrmacht, kwaye kukho abangaphezu kwama-300 amawaka, walwa kwindawo engenathemba de Februwari 1943, efike kuphela xa udibene nomoya. Ukwenzela ukuphepha iilahleko ezinkulu, i-Red Army nkobe umzi, zimbalwa neziqhushumbisi kunye zokuqhushumbisa. Seven imikhosi Soviet wabamba amaJamani ayirhawula umsesane, angavumeli nakusinda ukusuka apho.

Uxhathiso ilukhuni-mkhosi Paulus wanceda umyalelo waseJamani ukugcina lirhoxe eCaucasus kwiqela imikhosi, ngaphandle apho ukulwa kwakhona izofana ukuba lahluleka ekuqaleni.

Imbali ongabunyamezeliyo le mood esimo. Oko bekuya kuba, ukuba Paulus wanikezela ngaphambili namhlanje, ungakha kuphela Inkolelo ngqindilili. Izibakala bathi ukuba idabi Stalingrad yaba phesheya, emva koko abantu Soviet kunye namahlakani abo uloyiso engasekho yathandabuza.