Cubism - yintoni na le nto? Cubism zobuciko. Abameli imiyalelo kunye umfanekiso indlela Cubism

Ukuvela Cubism bobabo kunyaka 1906-1907. Kwathi ke owasungula oku ikakhulu eFransi (abameli ezibalaseleyo kakhulu uPicasso, H. G. Griss kunye Umtshato), kwakunye kwamanye kwamanye amazwe.

Yintoni Cubism?

Makhe ukuzama ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Cubism - yintshukumo ekhethekileyo obugcisa, ogama ulwimi isekelwe phezu deformation bezinto, yokubola yabo moya zejiyometri, kude imilo.

Ingcamango esingundoqo kwayo yakhiwa, kwakha kwakho iinzame ukubonisa ukuntsonkotha, ukwahluka leyinene ngeenxa ngoncedo imifuziselo ezilula lwendawo kunye neentlobo nokuhlalisana izinto. Ukuvela le meko itshintshe ezininzi siseko esekwe nobugcisa iingcinga umzobo yaseYurophu. Abameli cubism elaqhekeka "ngokoqobo enombala", ngokushiya indalo libe yinto ubugcisa bokubonwayo, ngokwembono kunye chiaroscuro njengoko kuphela iindlela zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa.

Pablo uPicasso

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngumzobi lonke umsebenzi wakhe luphawulwa umsebenzi izimbo eziliqela ngaxeshanye. UPicasso yena wabhenela ngendlela malunga ngokupheleleyo ukubonakalisa isimo sabo.

Ungafumana kunye cubist ukupeyinta, kumda kwi abstractionism kunye ngokoqobo emsebenzini wakhe. Ngamanye amaxesha, ekufuneni kwakhe njengoko wasuka ukusuka zemveli classical arts, ukubuya kwakhe umendo zobugcisa sengqiqweni wawungakholeleki. Noko ke, igcisa wadala i eni mihle yaye lifes kwi indlela cubism. Baba imisebenzi eziyinyani kubhaliweyo nanto ngesimbo, ngamnye. Traditional imidiya obugcisa, leyo esetyenziswa ngumbhali, nguye ngesisombululo iingxaki zale mihla. Omnye imifanekiso yokuqala zipeyintwe indlela cubism, umzobo "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" yi Pablo uPicasso. Lo msebenzi wobugcisa ebalasele elibi engaqhelekanga: apha zime amanani coarsened ngaphandle izinto chiaroscuro kunye nembono thaca kudityaniswe imithamo ibolile-moya.

yeempawu ezibonakalayo

umgxeki French L. Vaucelles eyaqamba ibinzana elithi "Cubist" ngo-1908 xa amagcisa igama derisive ebonisa ubunyani ngoncedo zejiyometri iimilo rhoqo-ntathu (cylinder, cone, cube, sphere). Lo msebenzi linegama umngeni izithethe zobugcisa esengqiqweni. Mizobo kwi indlela cubism nomdla ezahlukeneyo imibala angqongqo, ukuze, iintlobo eziphathekayo ezilula kunye neenjongo ezisisiseko (umzekelo, izixhobo, umthi okanye indlu). Kakhulu ngokucacileyo, lo msebenzi osemqoka esizibonakalisa umsebenzi wakhe ekuqaleni xesha i "Cezanne" (1907-1909). Artist P. Cézanne ugxininisa uzinzo kunye nehlabathi injongo; imiqulu amaninzi, leyo ayisebenzisayo njenge umfanekiso transfer isixhobo, benza uhlobo isiqabu, kwaye imibala ayikhuphi iinkalo ezithile yezinto ngexesha elifanayo ukubomeleza laqhekeza umthamo. Isigaba esilandelayo uphuhliso Cubism - "inethiwekhi" (1910-1912). Lo mbandela zahlulo ezincinane, separable ngokulula enye kwenye, nesithomo sakhe wayebonakala ukuba lwandile ngelaphu. Okokugqibela, isigaba "eyenziweyo" (1912-1914) yeyona zokuhombisa ngakumbi, imizobo enombala zezona panels Planar, kukho ezinye izinto textural - izakhiwo eqinileyo, izitikha (ikholaji), umgubo ... Ngelo xesha, asakhulayo kunye cubist imikrolo. UPicasso and Braque imizobo badla ziquka oonobumba ezithile okanye amagama. Le mibhalo akusoloko kuhambelana nomxholo, kodwa wanceda iindwendwe baqonde mboniso malunga kwesisu womzobi.

Indlela abasabela ngayo abaphulaphuli

Abaphulaphuli imisebenzi Cubists ukuphathwa isigqebelo, maxa wambi bade endowing kubo epithets elimsulwa kunye amzisela. Lo matshini eshicilelweyo ukugxekwa, ngobume bayo ngamanye amaxesha basondele enziwa yoluntu. Ababukeli bangazifumana umboniso Cubist Imizobo, nazo iminqweno ezinokuthi kuthelekiswa ezingqondweni zabantu, kumnandi ukuya kubukela uhambo entle, kodwa endaweni wafumana isimemo inxaxheba ekwakhiweni kweendlela ezintsha.

Le yokusabela iqinisekisa ukuba inguqu kule ndawo iya kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, nangona ixesha elide yokulungiselela, ngexesha apho ababukeli ikomkhulu kwakufuneka banzi zexa elizayo zakho kakhulu. Sekunjalo, lo cubism, imifanekiso ipeyintwe kweli isimbo, ngathi kukho inxalenye ethile abaphulaphuli kwaye bafumana inkxaso ndawo.

Impembelelo Cubism zobuciko

Oku nempembelelo ngamandla kuphuhliso yokucinga okunobuchule. Cubism kwimizobo wawubonisa iintsingiselo ezintsha ubomi kuzo zonke iinkalo kunye nokuphikisana: ukusukela nokulawulwa ngokwentando - ingqalelo primitivism, eli ligatya ngamnye, egumbini abucala; ukholo kwezesayensi - umnqweno ukwenza i "igrama zobugcisa," le ukufuna iindlela njongo.

Namhlanje, wonke umntu cala, ancome imisebenzi Impressionist, umahluko ngokucacileyo indibano eqhelekileyo kuthi iintyatyambo. Kodwa ngethuba imbonakalo yonke kwakubonakala ukuba Cubism - yinto revolution ngokwenene zobugcisa. It ihlaziya nkongomiso lowu onke amacandelo ukupeyinta ezikhoyo. format Image, umbala kunye nombono yomgama, imiqulu ngesimo.

Cubism eRussia

Xa ixesha eyandulela ukuvela Cubism, kwilizwe lethu, njengokuba eFransi, benomdla ngo abantu, ubuchule zemveli. Ngeli xesha, ngamagcisa aselula Russian zaye ebonakala wayengenamdla kuphela ubugcisa "lokuqala" (kubandakanywa Afrika), kodwa kwakhona balangazelele inviolability le engqongqo, ukwakhiwa zokwakha, kwakunye inkolelo ngokomfuziselo ethile kunye nesingqisho amava moya zemathematika.

Xa umsebenzi amagcisa ezininzi Russian ye kwindawo ethile yi Cubism (leyo Chagall, Lentulov, Archipenko, Altman kunye nabanye). Nangona kunjalo, inani engundlunkulu ngokuqinisekileyo Kazimir Malevich. umsebenzi wakhe zokufundisa kunye nobuchule, kwakunye theory waba nempembelelo enkulu phezu ukuyilwa a trend.

"Black Square"

Kusenokubonakala ngathi akukho nto kulula ukuzoba isikwere omnyama kwisiqalo emhlophe. Oku kumela, mhlawumbi, nawuphi na umntu. Kodwa nantsi iphazili: le umzobo odumileyo lomculi Russian Malevich nangoku etsala ingqalelo abaphandi kunye nabathandi zobugcisa, nakuba obuyiyile ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Njengoko into exakayo, njengoko intsomi, njengophawu avant-garde Russian ...

Kuthiwa umzobi, akuba ebhalwe "Black Square", akazange aqonde oko wakwenzayo, yaye ixesha elide ningadli okanye ubuthongo. Enyanisweni, umsebenzi kunzima kwenziwa kwi womzobo idaliweyo. Ngapha koko, xa ujonga kuyo, sibange uba maleko ephantsi distinguishable - oluhlaza, ezipinki, kuyabonakala ukuba, kwakukho lombala sisincoko ethile, kodwa ke umbhali ingqalelo ayikwazanga babhala phezu kwaso isikwere emnyama. Lo msebenzi wobugcisa iye ife.Elona indlela cubism. Imizobo Malevich kaThixo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa wayekholelwa ukuba "Black Square" yi kukuba imisebenzi yakhe yokudala.