Companion - isindululo ... kunye elithi "comrade". Ukusebenza amanye ngummi, umhlobo

Igama elithi "comrade" - yenye yezona izibizo ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu qho ulwimi Russian. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso yakhe iphambili makongeze ambalwa kwiminyaka elikhulu edluleyo. Yintoni na kwaye yintoni umahluko phakathi kwala magama "umhlobo", "umhlobo" kunye "ummi '?

Imvelaphi yegama

Ngomhla esisibona yaseRashiya yamandulo ixesha elide kwakukho yesibizo "comrade". lo gama evela tavar elithi zamaTurkic, nto leyo ethetha ukuba "imveliso" (ngamanye amaxesha iinkomo okanye impahla).

Ekukholelwa ukuba amaqabane original kuthiwa abarhwebi, iingcali ekuthengisweni olunye uhlobo yempahla. Kodwa kutheni ke etymology lenze iinguqulelo ezinjalo - ayaziwa.

Kwakhona, kukho uhlobo yesikhomokazi elithi "comrade" - i "tovarka". Ekhulwini XIX. ukuba ngenkuthalo kusetyenziswa kwintetho. Noko ke, ngolwimi mihla, le lesibizo hayi lisetyenziswa.

Intsingiselo yemveli elithi 'iqabane'

Kudala phambi kokuba amaqabane revolution 1917 ebizwa abantu ababumbene phakathi kwabo kunye nomsebenzi okanye ukusebenza icala.

Eli gama lalisetyenzisiwe kwabo bafunda kunye, uhambo okanye imbala. Kulo mba, kuvamile ukuba isigqebelo sisaci "iqabane xa ezibuhlungu."

Nangona yokuba ngokunxulumene iziganeko ka-1917, eli gama liye Ndizuze intsingiselo eyahlukileyo kancinane, namhlanje kwakhona lisetyenziswa ngokwengqiqo yayo zemveli.

Friend kunye comrade: yintoni umahluko

Zombini ezi izibizo kuyahambisana, kodwa kukho umahluko obonakalayo kunene phakathi kwabo.

Abahlobo - Abantu enxulumene kunye nabanye kubudlelwane obusondeleyo ngokusekelwe uvelwano, ukuqonda, ukungazingci yaye trust. badla bahlala kufutshane okanye ukufunda, maxa wambi ukusebenza. Noko ke, ezi zinto azikho ezisisiseko, njengoko maxa wambi abahlobo bokwenene ubomi nje kwizixeko, kodwa kumazwekazi ngamnye.

Kuba ubuhlobo asifuneki naluphi na uluntu emzimbeni okanye ekuhlaleni, lo gama ingqiqo ngentsebenziswano ezilunikayo. Nditsho lo ahamba naye kakuhle emsebenzini yaye ngokufuthi ayikwazi ngumhlobo. Hayi kuba ezinye iimpawu ezimbi, kodwa ngenxa yokunqongophala sisondele ngokomoya, nangona unobangela eqhelekileyo.

Enyanisweni, unobangela ubuhlobo, ezifana nothando, ukuba kunzima ukuyichaza. Kunye nabahlobo badla abantu elime ngayo ngokupheleleyo kwintlalo (eBhayibhileni, umzekelo, uchaza ubuhlobo unyana kaKumkani uSawule uDavide umalusi).

Kuqhelekile ukuva xa usebenza nomnye umntu uza kunye naye, yaye uba ngathi umhlobo-umhlobo. Enoba oku ubudlelwane kwinqanaba kufikelelwa njani inokumiselwa ikhefu care elula. Ukuba kwixesha "ukungcola" abantu bayaqhubeka ukubiza phezulu, ukuba babhalele yaye ukuchitha ixesha kunye - ngoko ke bamanyene neqabane kuphela. Hi ndlela leyi, amazwi Pushkin "ukusuka abahlobo ukwenza nto," ubalisa ukuba ingqikelelo ubambiswano.

Enye umlinganiselo variable la magama yinto yokuba isibizo "umhlobo"-ntonye zawo, ngaba awasetyenziswa elithi "comrade". Oku "dade" yaye "Panibratov". Ukongeza, igama "bromance" (ukusuka IsiNgesi umzalwana romance) elaqanjwa ekupheleni koo yokuqala ukuchaza nabahlobo abasondeleyo uhlobo non-ngokwesini.

Ababebizwa ngokuba namaqabane ngamaxesha Soviet?

Nokuza ukuya ngamandla ndawonye kunye notshintsho isakhiwo sezopolitiko yoBukhosi baseRashiya owakubhangisayo okunene unyango ezifana "Mhlekazi / Nkosikazi", "Mnumzana / Nkosikazi", "Mhlekazi", "lobungangamsha bakho" kunye nabanye.

Ukugxininisa ukulingana jikelele, kuphela ubume ekuhlaleni, kodwa isini, unyango "comrade" iye yaziswa bonke.

Imbali eli xabiso

Isithethe ukusebenzisa eli lizwi njenge unyango yavela emva French Revolution. Emva ukubhukuqwa ukumkani kunye nonyango yaseFransi kwiRiphablikhi kukho imfuneko yokusebenzisa i isibheno jikelele kubo bonke abemi, ukuze ukugxininisa ukulingana kwazo. Ekuqaleni eli gama "engummi» (citoyen), kodwa ke eyaneleyo 'revolution' yaye ngo-1790 zathathelwa indawo camarade (comrade).

igama zaye zasasazeka kakhulu kwisangqa antimonarchist ngesandla ngokukhanya isiFrentshi. Ngenxa yoko, inkoliso anarchist, wamaKomanisi, imibutho yobusoshiyali nkqu zentlalo-yedemokhrasi kwinkulungwane XIX. Yaqala ungayisebenzisa njengendlela reference phakathi kwamalungu ayo.

Emva kokuba amandla amaKomanisi kuBukhosi Russian, yafumana iwonga esemthethweni. Hi ndlela leyi, eJamani ngamaNazi ebudeni unyango efanayo Parteigenosse (comrade kwi iqela).

Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union kwi unyango ico "comrade" ngezigaba. Xa Russian Federation namhlanje iyasetyenziswa endaweni 'ummi "okanye" nkosi "; yaye Ukraine - "The Citizen", "pan".

Citizen, comrade: yintoni umahluko

Nangona emva French kunye Oktobha neziphithiphithi eFrance naseRussia ejikelezayo "ummi" yaye "comrade" yaba phantse kuyahambisana, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo. Ngenxa yoko, wonke ummi onokuba ngumhlobo, kodwa hayi zonke ummi nabo.

Into yokuba abemi - ngabantu abahlala isigxina kummandla imeko ethile, othi axhamle zonke izibonelelo zalo linyanzelekile ukuba enze yonke imisebenzi eyabelwe yona ngumthetho. Akukho umhlobo ilungelo elinjalo ayiwenzi, kuba kunokuba abe ngummi kwelinye ilizwe.

ezi amaxabiso sisondele kwenye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. ngenxa yokuba ezibe ukusetyenziswa njengento isibheno igosa USSR. I "umhlobo" yaba isibheno jikelele amadoda kunye nabafazi, lo gama i-isibizo "ummi" yaba esobukhomokazi - ". Ummi"

Ngubani lo 'umhlobo' umkhosi

Njengoko igama sekukubi bahlala kumazwe zomkhosi amaninzi ico. Ngokomzekelo, eRashiya, eUkraine kunye Belarus, isibizo "comrade" lisetyenziswa njenge nomphetho ngenani esemthethweni phakathi kwabo bonke ezintlwini. Ngokutsho kwimimiselo, usoloko wongezelela ukuya erenkini emkhosini - ". Iqabane Major"

Ngoobani ngabangane

Ngaphandle amaxabiso amabini, lo gama nabo nabanye abaninzi.

Kwi-Russian uBukhosi phambi kokuba revolution, comrade ebizwa namasekela okanye amagosa abancedisi. Kwakhona zibizwa njengamalungu lweshishini yorhwebo - intsebenziswano.

Cossacks Ukrainian kwi XVII-XVIII eminyaka. Sisebenzise isihloko "comrade mkhosi ', nto leyo kufana ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla" sezigodlo ". Kwakhona kukho enye isihloko - "comrade bunchukovy" ngubani Wakubhekisela kubo oonyana hetmans izinduna kunye colonels. Hi ndlela leyi, emveni kokutshatyalaliswa maqabane Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi inzala bunchukovyh bafumana liqhawe kuBukhosi Russian.

E Poland, xa amaqabane endala ekuthiwa iingangamsha elinonokazi; ethengwe ngemali yawo ukuze ngengubo neqembu yakhe, equka iingangamsha abahlwempuzekileyo. Kwakhona eli gama liye ngokuba irenki (uLt).

Kunye izibizo eziqhelekileyo, kukho izibizo ezimbalwa kunye negama yabo. Umzekelo, amaxolo chetyrohmachtovy Lauriston, igama eSoviet Union kwi "Iqabane". yatshatyalaliswa Le nqanawa ngo-1943 Kamva, kwathiwa igama wokuwonga elaa barque German ezintathu ezineeseyile Gorch Fock, ilifa eSoviet Union emva kwemfazwe.

Igama le umdlalo Tovarich umbhali American noRoberta Shervuda, ebhalwe ngowe-1935, kwiminyaka emibini emva kokupapashwa kwayo yathathwa.

Ngowe-1970, umqambi O. ivanov wabhala ingoma "Iqabane" ( "I kuba nengoma umoya balizalise ilizwe malunga nendlela comrade waya emfazweni ...") ukuya amazwi A. Prokofiev.

Le mizekelo adumileyo elithi "naye"

Ukongeza izivakalisi ingenamsebenzi kunye data nezibizo ( "Thina umhlobo ukusuka kwiziko namhlanje bahamba ndawonye movie"), kukho abo kudala yaba ibinzana ayigange. Umzekelo, uthatyathwe inkqubo Communist Party USSR: ". Man emntwini - umhlobo, iqabane kunye umzalwana"

Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi njengesalathisi, ngoko kukho eminye imizekelo emininzi. Wokuwonga elaa hero edume ifilimu "mbanjwa eCaucasus" yathiywa igama yokutyela kwi Dnieper - "uQabane CAAX".

Kude ngaphezu kwesinye isivakalisi ngegama elithi "comrade" lifumaneka izihlandlo Soviet kwi iipowusta ezahlukeneyo phulo. Kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi ubona umzekelo womnye kubo.

Ethetha ngalo mbandela, singasathethi isivakalisi zonqulo kunye elithi "comrade" wombhali V. I. Lenina, apho namhlanje iye intsingiselo satirical.

Igama ngokwawo ukutyhubela iminyaka bekusoloko kukho HIV, kodwa ngenxa bentekelelo ngokugqithiseleyo kubo ngexesha leSoviet namhlanje, loo nto yenza abantu unxulumano zingambi kakhulu. Ngaba olu tshintsho kubonakale.