Ukutolikwa zetekisi: imizekelo, iingxaki kunye neendlela. Uhlahlelo kunye nentsingiselo yetekisi zemibongo

Umntu ngamnye kuthi yonke imihla lijongene isixa esithile ukuchazwa ulwazi. Nokuba kukho unxibelelwano esisiseko, umsebenzi okanye into ethile eyenye, sonke kufuneka 'ukuguqulela' la magama namabinzana aqhelekileyo kulwimi eqondakalayo kuthi.

ulwazi jikelele

Ibinzana elithi 'utoliko itekisi "na imibutho kunokuba ziphikisana. Kuba umntu inxulunyaniswa into enzima kunene, uyadika, ngokuqinisekileyo Scientific, ngumtyholwa kungenzeka inxalenye yokuqala yekota. Igama elithi "incazelo" itolikwa njengoko umsebenzi ingcamango esakhiwa ngo ezama intsingiselo efumaneka ukuqonda baze basebenze ngayo, yaye ukuba ulityhile yinto elide kunye nezintsonkothileyo nezivakalisi ngolwimi olulula, kunokuthiwa ukuba ukutyhilwa - kukhubazeko nokulungiswa itekisi umbono yabo nokuqonda. Enyanisweni, ukuba akukho nzima kangaka ngokwaneleyo ukuba baqonde ukuba asebenze njani na isicatshulwa, ukubhala nje kuphela, kodwa ngomlomo, kwakunye ukuqonda ukubaluleka sobuntu ukujongwa kulo mbono inkcazelo.

Kutheni na oko?

Masiqalise nesibakala sokuba oko kufunekayo onzima ukuchazwa kwisicatshulwa. Amaninzi inxulunyaniswa kuhlalutyo ayimfuneko indalo koko umbhalo wakho, ezifana kwimisebenzi leDPA yaye uviwo apho kufuneka ukuba ubhale ingxelo. Kulo mzekelo, ukutolikwa, ingqiqo yezicatshulwa - isitshixo empumelelweni. Kodwa ke ngaxeshanye ukukwazi ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ingcaciso ebhaliweyo akubalulekanga kuphela iimviwo, kodwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngoko ke, ekukwazini kwethu ukuqonda itekisi ebhaliweyo kuxhomekeke kakhulu ukukwazi iinkonzo ezisisiseko - ukukwazi olusisiseko naliphi na ilungu loluntu: ukutolikwa ezingachanekanga zetekisi kunokubangela ukungaqondani, yaye ukuba kwimeko lwemisebenzi yoncwadi ongavelisi nawuphi na umngcipheko ukuba imbono ephosakeleyo bokubhaliweyo kwisakhelo sokunxibelelana kukhokelele ziingxabano ngokuqinisekileyo yingxaki enkulu.

Kwaye ngoku isayensi

Ukutolikwa iitekisi zoncwadi njenge inzululwazi eyahlukileyo esezantsi ethathe imilo kuphela kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Le yaziwa ngokuba yi "hermeneutics." Abanye abaphandi bathi ukuba njongo iphambili yale yentsimi lwazi - "ngoko ukukuqhela isicatshulwa ukuze aqonde Kwakubhetele umbhali ngokwakhe." Ngokuqhelekileyo, le isayensi ezijongwa njengenxalenye ye-bulumko kodwa ukwala ukuzimela yayo ingamampunge.

ziimbaxa

Ngenxa ukutyhilwa nazo ebuntwaneni ekuqaleni. Kakade ke, kukho ezinye izinto ngokubanzi kunye neengcinga ukuba jikelele kubo bonke abantwana, kodwa kamsinya nje usana iqala ukubonisa ngamnye, kukho nabokuqala kwaye ingakumbi imbono iziganeko ezahlukeneyo. Kuthathela imifanekiso kunye nemizobo, yaye kamva kunye nezakhono zokufunda, ukuba nentsusa kwento otolikayo kudlulela kwimveliso.

Abanye abaphandi bathi ukuba abasabela angaqhelekanga iimpawu leengxaki kuphuhliso abantwana, kodwa kwangaxeshanye yonke ekunokuthiwa iingcinga ezintsha abantwana, ebonakalaliswe ngeminyaka ntsha. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba le nto ukuba bazalwa njani buchopho ababona umhlaba ngenye indlela kakhulu. Xa kungekho tyala nga hi chavelela abantwana ngenxa sikhethekileyo babo, phezu koko, kufuneka sikhuthaze nokuphuhlisa ngandlela zonke.

A kancinci malunga nemisebenzi yesikolo

Njengenxalenye kwikharityhulam yezikolo uthathwa zindlela ukutolikwa itekisi intetho kunye isincoko. Kwimeko yokuqala yonke into icacile: ibizwa kufuneka ukuqonda ikhowudi yemvelaphi ukuze siqonde injongo yombhali, kwaye zibonisa ukuba umsebenzi wabo, ukubhala, yonke into umdla kakhulu ngakumbi. Isebenzisa ukutyhilwa engundoqo yesicatshulwa. Imizekelo imisebenzi enjalo - kokuqamba-elama, apho umsebenzi yomfundi - ukuphuhlisa ibali, niqale umbhali, okanye isincoko, impendulo apho ufuna ukubonisa isimo sabo ukuya kwindawo yombhali, Kakade, ukuzithethelela kuyo.

Uhlobo nto inzima yemisebenzi kuthathwa nokuqiqa, apho imfuneko yokuba uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha kunye nentsingiselo yetekisi. Ngabo abaya kuba sisiseko umsebenzi ozimeleyo ngokupheleleyo, ezinxulumene kunye original kuphela izimvo ezingundoqo kunye ngokoMthetho, nto leyo eya ukuvakalisa umfundi.

Makhe babuyele kwisihobe

Nzima ukuba oko kuba nzima ngakumbi: utoliko itekisi zemibongo, okanye ukusebenza iprozi. Le peculiarity ulwimi uncwadi na amagama ezininzi, loo nto yenza kube nzima ukuba baqonde: le nto inye ezinokuchazwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba igama eyaguqula intsingiselo yazo lungelelanisa ngokuhamba kwexesha, umzekelo, "troechnik" ngengqiqo mihla - ungumfundi, ngaba isiphumo singesiso uphawu ubalalseleyo, lo gama kwi elinethoba kunye neetekisi-kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini okuqala, bekuya kuba Coachman, oye walawula ngamahashe ezintathu.

Enye ingxaki Nanku ukutyhilwa kwale itekisi zemibongo - ezityhutyhayo. Njengobuxoki, izikweko kunye epithets, akusoloko mmi ecacileyo ezilula, waba ntlekele oyinyaniso, ingakumbi umfundi mihla, uninzi iingqiqo yayintsha yoncwadi lwamandulo. Ukongezelela, abantu babeyibona ngumkhuba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke asikwazi sinokuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo ukuba utoliko itekisi zemibongo lichanekile, ukuba utoliko Umba ngamnye kunokwenzeka.

impilo iprozi

Ukutolikwa umbhalo iprozi ezinxulumene neengxaki ezifanayo njengoko enkondlo. Kwakhona, ezahlukeneyo, nokutyhilwa ngamnye magama ezithile, kwakhona ukuqonda engaphelelanga yelizwi - kulula nje into iprozi iindlela idla ngaphantsi yokuvakalisa zobugcisa, njengokuba umthetho ngayo, akukho nzima ukuqonda itekisi.

Enyanisweni, kuba nentsingiselo ophumelelayo engage "inguqulelo" echanileyo, ukuba umntu bakubize simanga - ngokucacileyo khangela intsingiselo lungelelanisa kwigama ngalinye isiqwenga sesivakalisi, khetha indibaniselwano kangangoko ukuba amazwi ingcamango - phantse ukuba ubhale umbhalo, sithembele ngokupheleleyo kwi kuyilo nye. Kwaye ungasebenzisa ulwamkelo, apho iingcali zeelwimi ukubiza guess ulwimi: kulo mzekelo akuthethi uyayazi intsingiselo ngqo kwigama ngalinye, oko kucaca kuloo meko.

Indlela yesibini ibonisa ukuba laliphezulu izinga noko nobuchule, kodwa kwangaxeshanye akuthethi ukunika ukuchaneka ngokupheleleyo kwesi ukutyhilwa kwephupha elo. Le eziluncedo nale ndlela kukuba elinye ilizwi elifanayo anokuba ezahlukahlukeneyo iintsingiselo lungelelanisa, ezahlukeneyo emthunzini wawo (ngaloo ndlela, "amabhongo" kunokuba zombini akhabayo kunye navumelanayo umgangatho ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko), kwaye uqikelelo ngokolwimi oku kwenza kube lula ukuba ukuphepha uphendlo obungabangeli mdla kuba ixabiso elichanekileyo, ebonisa nje emthunzini efunekayo intsingiselo kwisicatshulwa.

Okanye mhlawumbi oko akukho mfuneko?

Ukutolikwa yesicatshulwa, kunye nayiphi na, kunokwenzeka ngaphandle inkcazelo ecacileyo intsingiselo lungelelanisa kwigama ngamnye. Yonke into ixhomekeke kwindlela ingqondo enzulu itekisi kuyimfuneko. Ngokomzekelo, wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ngeelwimi ibinzana Scherba "shaggy Kūdra Steck kudlanula bokra kunye Kudlach bokrenka". Akukho namnye amagama isindululo Akukhathaliseki, kodwa ingcaciso efanayo Kwisicatshulwa kunokwenzeka: omnye yabonisa ndlongo ukhangele omdala, kwaye ngoku uyaqhubeka na izenzo ngendlela echanekileyo Lithole. Kule meko, imigaqo ayikho imfuneko.

umdla kakhulu imisebenzi efanayo kubantwana: ekusebenziseni olu hlobo luza kuvumela ukuba ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ubuchule bokuyila, eyenza kube lula ukwenza inkqubo eyodwa imifanekiso kusekelwe embonweni ngamnye zetekisi: lowo "shaggy Kurd" wonke umntu uya kubona indlela yabo, njengoko bokra ne bokronkom.

iilwimi zasemzini

ngabanye ukuze ziqwalaselwe Nanku ukutyhilwa kwale kwitekisi yoncwadi ngolwimi lwasemzini. A indima ukudlala kunye nezithethe zesizwe, kwaye kobuhlanga, nkqu ezinye iinkalo zengingqi ulwimi ekhethekileyo kwindawo ethile.

Ukusebenza itekisi ngakumbi ngathi umsebenzi wakhe; le nto ifundiswayo kukuba igcinwe, kwaye ezinye ngokulula ezizotywe ngokutsha, ukususela ekuqaleni ngokupheleleyo, sele malilungiselelwe ukuqondwa umfundi, ukude evela iimpawu zolwimi lokuqala.

It is a zobugcisa wokwenene - ukutyhilwa elichanekileyo kwisicatshulwa. Imizekelo - sonety Shakespeare udluliselo Marshak okanye Pasternak. Okokuqala, omnye kwaye i kspell elifanayo nganye kwezi kwiimbongi izandi ngokwahlukileyo - lo mzekelo zicacileyo ukuchazwa ngamnye kwitekisi yoncwadi, yaye okwesibini, ezinye ngokwalatha kuyo abaphandi ukuba inguqulelo Russian yokomfuziselo kakhulu ngakumbi originals IsiNgesi ngokusebenzisa awohluke lungelelanisa zolwimi, ezenza kwakhona it ikuvumela ukuba abethelele indima yenkcazo kwimbono kwisicatshulwa.

isiphelo

Ukutolikwa yesicatshulwa, njengoko kuye kwacaca - hayi into elula enjalo, njengoko kubonakala xa efika kuqala. Kukho bokuqonda ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, iyileyo kudlala indima enkulu kakhulu ukusiqonda isicatshulwa. Omnye umzekelo omhle ukutyhilwa kwalo ube kwingcamango kwisicatshulwa abafundi kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo: umzekelo, eminye imisebenzi zoncwadi ngabom lula, oko kwenze ukuba zifikeleleke ukuqonda abantwana, ezifana abantwana kuba lowo intabalala iindlela zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa inokuba imiqobo enzima ukuqonda.

Kalula ukubaluleka yokutolika isicatshulwa - lulwaphulo-mthetho. Umntu ngamnye kufuneka bazi ukuba kuphela "inguqulelo" oluchanekileyo iya kuvumela ukuba bangene kubudlelwane ngempumelelo kunye noluntu, ukujongana nobunzima zemfundo nobungcali, yaye, umgaqo, ukusombulula eziliqela iingxaki ezivelayo ebomini bethu bemihla ngemihla. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imbono ukutyhilwa enikwe ekuqaleni kweli nqaku ungadluliselwa nje kuphela kwizicatshulwa ezibhaliweyo, imisebenzi uncwadi, umzekelo, kodwa kunxibelelwano mihla le phakathi kwabantu. Kule, akukho nto litshintsha: ukutyhilwa magama, ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo kumaxabiso kunika umntu ithuba lokuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo, ezibonisa oko zikwenza ngamandla zabo zobugcisa, apho kuxhomekeke utoliko efumaneka.