Transistor vuvabyi - iyunithi esisiseko zwi imiqondiso yombane

Kuphuhliso zombini zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe zombane kunye elektroniki wadlala indima izixhobo semiconductor afana transistor vuvabyi.

transistor vuvabyi - icebo, ukuba kumafa yayo ezimbini PN okuhlangana ezihambelanayo, isekelwe phezu izinto semiconductor. Olu hlobo transistor iye ezinjengeetheminali ezintathu. Zokwandisa ilizwi iimpawu, nto leyo iba transistor vuvabyi, wachaza ngokusekelwe ulwazi enobutyebi sisazama zegazi iintlawulo semiconductor (isitofu zabanjwa kunye neenkqubo gesi, ngokulandelelana), kwakunye nemithetho electromagnetism.

Namhlanje kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili transistors eguquguqukayo, ezo zabelwe ngokohlobo apho kukho alternation lwe kwimimandla uhlobo ezahlukeneyo conductivity le semiconductor esetyenziswa kwisampulu: uhlobo npn kunye PNP. Izinto eziluncedo ze uhlobo omnye ngaphezu komnye ayikwazi zingahlukaniswa ngenxa umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo transistors kuphela into ezichaseneyo yoVandlakanyo umthombo wamandla elidityaniswe omnye okanye kwenye isixhobo terminal.

Transistor - device vuvabyi njengokunezinto ezintathu eziphambili: umqokeleli, isiseko kunye emitter. Ngalinye izinto edityaniswe, njengoko umthetho, omnye terminal.

transistors Bipolar badla zihlelwa wokuzibhubhisa ngamandla, singakhutshwa umqokeleli. Ngesi parameter izixhobo zahlulwe transistors ephantsi-power (malunga 0.3 W), eliphakathi (0.3 ukuya watt isiqingatha) kunye ophezulu (1.5 watts). Enye Umgaqo ukuhlelwa transistors - bokusebenzisana uluhlu frequency. Xa izixhobo ezinjalo umgaqo yokuzahlula ayikhuphi zixhobo frequency (ezintlanu MHz), njalo eliphakathi (5 MHz ukuya 35 MHz), HF (ukusuka 35 MHz ukuya 350 MHz) kunye microwave (phezu 350MHz) transistors.

transistor nganye eguquguqukayo ufumana iimpawu ngokungqinelana nemigangatho yesizwe esebenzayo. Njengoko umthetho, ukwalathelwa wenziwe zabalinganiswa ezintandathu okanye ezisixhenxe (amanani okanye oonobumba). Ukumakisha makabonise uhlobo lwezinto, uhlobo yesixhobo ngokwawo, kunye iimpawu rhoqo isixhobo amandla. Kwakhona, enyama na ukufumanisa uhlobo kunye inani lothotho inani yophuhliso yemveliso. Ngoko ke, ukuba nesikhundla transistor - yokundwendwela isixhobo, ebonakalisa zonke iimpawu ezingundoqo ifowuni.

Kukho iindlela ezine ezisisiseko nokusebenza transistor eguquguqukayo:

• i imo esebenzayo apho sicatshulwa kuvulwa kwaye ivaliwe kwi emitter wawo ukuya kuvala ingxingwa umqokeleli;
• eshunqulweyo, apho zombini inguqu (kunye emitter kunye umqokeleli) aya kuvalelwa, akukho ngoku uye waphunyezwa kwicala phambili;
• Ukwanda - imo umda esahlukileyo apho zinakho ukuba sokuqokelela evulekileyo kunye emitter;
• inversion (mode zocaphulo) - isigaba xa isiphambuka umqokeleli ivulwa kwaye emitter asuswa kwicala elahlukileyo (hayi sithumela "ngqo" current).

Ngokuxhomekeke yeyiphi i electrode (kwiitheminali) loMthetho transistor uba ziqhelekile aqukuqela sufaka kunye igalelo kunye neziphumo lwangoku, kukho iindidi ezintathu ezisisiseko izixhobo ifakiwe kwisekethe: a transistor vuvabyi kunye emitter eziqhelekileyo, umqokeleli okanye isiseko. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo ubane izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwinqanaba elithile, ungasebenzisa iingenelo ezahlukeneyo transistor.

Xa ndiqukumbela, siphawula ukuba namhlanje transistors vuvabyi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu elektroniki kunye elektroniki analog. Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo izigaba yokukhulisa ngaphandle kwazo bekungayi kuba lula ukuba ukudala msindo yokusebenza - isixhobo ukuba uvumelekile ukuba ukudala baluyeke analog ukuya busebenze yedijithali. Ngoko ke, lo transistor disorder kuqwalaselwa enye ebaluleke kakhulu izixhobo semiconductor, uphuhliso wabeka isiseko electronic mihla.