Calulo - ilifa kwinkqubo yobukoloniyali

Yintoni lobandlululo kwaye yintoni ebangele le nto? Nayiphi isichazi-magama achazayo baya kukuxelela ukuba wengcinezelo - ngengqiqo yokoqobo "ukungcola", eli gama imiliselwe ngolwimi abahla- namaBhulu eAfrika - isiBhulu. Kwaba apho, apha eMzantsi Afrika, kufuneka ukhangele iimpendulo yonke imibuzo.

Imvelaphi wolawulo

Nengcinezelo yabantu bomthonyama abamnyama lonke Afrika sele uqalile
ekubeni abaMhlophe bokuqala apho. Ngokusekwa kwe kwenkqubo lobukoloniyali, oko kukuthi ukusuka XVI ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, ingcinezelo yokwenza iye yazuza isikali kakhulu. Ufike eyothusayo urhwebo ngamakhoboka kwenzeka nokuhlaliswa kwabantu yonke kwamanye amazwekazi njengezicaka ukuba abanini abatsha. onke White kuhlala Afrika ngokwayo. zaye ngokukodwa ezitsalwa izigwili iidayimani kunye nezinye izimbiwa zendalo apha eMzantsi Afrika. Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa kwiinkulungwane apha sazinza baseYurophu, ubukhulu becala amaJamani, lithanda kunye Dutch, kamva walungelelanisa abantu basekuhlaleni - iboraksi (eliguqulelwa ukusuka Flemish - abalimi). Ekuqaleni XX kwenkulungwane kwi kummandla zokuzama ufune amalungelo abo uBukhosi British. Ekugqibeleni, i-South African Union wadalwa lulawulo yaseBritani ngo-1910. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala lwekhulu XX. nokuba e-US, apho kwakukho inzala abaninzi amakhoboka abamnyama, nangona wavakalisa i-Universal Declaration of Human Rights, kwakukho iingxaki ezinkulu kunye nokulingana yokwenene abasafakwe yabacudisiweyo kuwo onke amanqanaba abamnyama. EMzantsi Afrika, lo mkhwa ekhuselwe kumgangatho lowiso, ngokusesikweni echazela abantu ukuba eyona nto "white" kunye "black" bayalingana. Ngenxa yoko, calulo - sisiphumo kwiinkulungwane yophuhliso lwe-South African Republic.

yobandlululo

Lo mgaqo-nkqubo yenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwinqanaba likarhulumente ukusukela ngo-1948 (kwaye okunene, ngaphambi) de kube ngowe-1994. Enyanisweni izilingo izikhokelo ezingundoqo zilandelayo:

• "Black" abantu evinjwa onke amalungelo ezopolitiko (ukuba ukuvota kwaye ukuba onyulwe).
• Le wengcinezelo kwavalwa imitshato mixed.
• Black Bantu wayalela ukuba ahlale kwi reserve ekhethekileyo. Ukuba ushiye kufuneka imvume evela kwabasemagunyeni.
• ukhuselo loluntu yahlulwe sele (izibhedlele, izikolo kunye namanye amaziko ezifanayo ngokwahlukeneyo "white" kunye "black"). Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kwiindawo zoluntu.
• Kwakukho imithetho, ngokuxhomekeke ezongezelelweyo irhafu "white" yomqeshi, abathatha phezu umsebenzi abamnyama.
• "Black" uvaliwe nawuphi na umsebenzi yorhwebo.

Kangangethuba elide UN kunye noorhulumente kumazwe amaninzi phambili ehlabathini baye ukugxeka yale meko kweli lizwe. Ngapha koko, yintoni na calulo? Kuwo lwenza kwelona nqanaba liphezulu obuhlanga - nento ngoko balwa ngenzondelelo abavikeli amalungelo oluntu kulo lonke ihlabathi. Enye ababelwa abadumileyo le meko yaba uNelson Mandela, ixesha elide ibanjwa yezopolitiko yaye kamva (ukususela ngo-1994) kunye umongameli wokuqala omnyama eMzantsi Afrika. Ukususwa urhulumente yaqala ngo-1989-90 phantsi koxinzelelo nokunyuka eYurophu ingakumbi eUnited States, kwakhona wavakalisa yakhe "elwela" idemokhrasi ehlabathini lonke. Ukuyoyika izohlwayo yokwenene lwezoqoqosho kunye nelwezopoliko, elite loqoqosho lwengingqi kunyanzeleke ukuba yokudiliza inkqubo yocalulo, apha eMzantsi Afrika. Ngowe-1990 ubunzima sokuxolelwa amabanjwa ezopolitiko kunye nokupheliswa kwemithetho ngokobuhlanga. Kwaye ngo-1994, eli lizwe wafumana nenkokeli yalo wokuqala omnyama kwimbali.

ngelo xesha kunye nabo

Namhlanje, uMzantsi Afrika calulo - kuba yi kuphela uqi intlokoma elidlulileyo. Kodwa ke, kuba abantu abaninzi ukuba ezidlulileyo ngokufudumeleyo ukuba ngcono eli lizwe emnyama. Ukufikelela kwabantu zemveli inyathelo loosomashishini, imfundo kunye nepolitiki - Kakade ke, icala oluhle. Noko ke, ngelo xesha landa inqanaba nolwaphulo-mthetho kurhulumente. "Black" kuba becala awuzange ube ezikhuselekileyo konwaba ngakumbi. Le ingxabano kwezentlalo, xa iphinda phindwe iminyaka intiyo ngenxa nabaxhaphazi, inzala ka Boers wajika ubomi kube umzabalazo ukusinda kwimeko ulwaphulo-mthetho leyo.