Kukho ezininzi zesayensi, nguqu kufuneka abe nempembelelo entle eyiyo. Ngoko ke, obala kunazo kubo - nto ulawulo (Labour Organisation) kunye neentengiso (promotion kweempahla okanye neenkonzo). Uyakwazi ukuqhubeka ixesha elide kodwa. Kodwa kukho abo malunga apho iingcali kuphela weva. Kwaye oku kusebenza ergonomics. Njengoko isayensi, oko kudla underrated ngokucacileyo uqeqesho. Njengenxalenye inqaku kuya kunikwa ingcaciso ngayo, uchaza izalathiso kunye nozalisekiso practice. Sinokuthi ukuba kukho ezisisiseko amafutshane ergonomics. Ngoko ke, sichubeka kumxholo eli nqaku.
Yintoni ergonomics noko uyafunda?
Ngoko-ebizwa uqeqesho yenzululwazi ojongene awohluke intsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu izinto ezahlukeneyo lweenkqubo, oko kukuthi, iqwalasela inkqubo yabasebenzi. Kukho kwakhona ngumsebenzi "ergonomics". Abantu abanalo kufuneka babe nolwazi beengcamango, imithetho, iinkcukacha kunye neendlela zokwakha, nto leyo ekugqibeleni uza kuba nako ukuqinisekisa impilo yoluntu kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Ergonomics ibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yoyilo. Sihlola imingeni umsebenzi, imveliso, okusingqongileyo kunye nenkqubo ukuba nokuvumelanisa yonke into malunga neemfuno, ubuchule nezakhono omzimba zabantu. Apha thatha yokulahla inkunkuma. Ukuba sibeka kuloo mzi (okanye kwindawo yokuhlala), kuya kufuneka:
- Hlawula irhafu kakhulu kwezendalo.
- Sombulula iingxaki nabantu abagxekayo.
Kwaye ubuncinane. Ngoko ke, nje ukusuka kwindawo imbono wemfezeko kunye neengxaki ngaphantsi siya kuba ngcono ukubeka yokulahla inkunkuma ngaphandle komzi. Ngenxa yoko, thina ngakumbi kwaye azalisekise iimfuno ergonomics. Ngenxa yoko, lo msebenzi sele igqityiwe, yaye ngenxa eliphezulu.
Zeziphi iindawo ergonomics?
Ekubeni ingqeqesho yethu yinkqubo ebomini (oko kukuthi, iquka yonke imiba kwaye usebenza bokuqonda ezenziwa luluntu), kuba ukuqonda ngcono kunye nokusebenza kuye yahlulwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphandle koku, le ergonomics yokusebenzisa kwaye ngenkuthalo nokuphuhlisa indlela epheleleyo, esibonelela ukuba uthathelwe ingqalelo kwaye kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwengqondo (yengqondo), ngokwasemzimbeni, intlangano, ezentlalo kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Ingcali Ergonomist kufuneka ilifa erudition omkhulu kuzo zonke iinkalo ngasentla (ubuncinane). Ngoko ke, abantu abanjalo msebenzi zidla zilungiselelwe phantsi umsebenzi kwicandelo elithile kuqoqosho (okanye kwisifundo, ukuba sithethe malunga nenzululwazi). Ergonomists ukuba nokuguquguquka rhoqo izakhono nobuchule babo. Emva ekudaleni iindawo ezintsha, kwaye bafumane amathuba ubudala. Nangona ezininzi izinto, imisebenzi kunye neemfuno ergonomics yenziwe yaza kwiindawo ezintathu:
- Physical.
- Mental.
- INkampani.
ngokomzimba
It ngokutsha kunye nesifundo anthropometric, yokwakheka, iimpawu biomechanical kunye nokomzimba kunye awohluke yokuba ifuthe lazo umsebenzi ebonakalayo yomqeshwa. Asebenza imisebenzi ukuma, intshukumo imilembelele, ukulayisha / ukothula into, uyilo olusebenzayo ibeka impilo nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi. Le ndawo ye ergonomics kukwenza konke okusemandleni ukuze zisifake ukuba umntu ngenxa ukusebenza okanye ukunciphisa kubo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuphazamiseka iintungu-skeletal ukuba ngexesha lokusebenza elide ye computer kuvela. Oku kwenziwe ad hoc novavanyo imisebenzi kunye nokusebenza nentuthuzelo imisebenzi abasebenzi kubo.
intellective
Le ndawo ke inxulumene ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ingcinga. Enokubhatala ingqalelo iimpawu zomntu ezifana inkumbulo, imbono, nokuqiqa, kunye nempendulo motor. Kwakhona nayenza iinkqubo yentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu kunye nezinye izinto zale nkqubo kunye esebenza kuwo. Kwenziwe ukufunda omninzi yengqondo, njani kwenziwa izigqibo, imisebenzi ezifuna emfundo ephakamileyo. Kwakhona kusebenze ukuthembeka kwabantu, intsebenziswano kwayo iindlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye isigqibo imfuneko yoqeqesho kunye nokulungela ukumelana noxinezeleko ukusebenza. A uvavanyo elikhethekileyo kwemisebenzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo ziya kuchaphazela iinkqubo zomntu wesithathu. Ngenxa yoko, elibhutyuza udonga eendaba ayikho ezifanelekileyo ofisi noshowo nobunjineli, uze uqikelele ukuba iimeko ezingcono. Yiloo nto ergonomics ngokubonakalayo. Kodwa loo nto bonke.
nkampani
Ngoko ke, siyaqhubeka ukufumana ukuba yintoni na ergonomics, nize wesithathu, sele zigqityiwe, indawo. Ukwachaphazela kunye nokubunjwa kwiinkqubo zentlalo-technical. ergonomics lweSebe busebenza isakhiwo, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neenkqubo. Oku kufezekiswe ngesicwangciso impembelelo kwizibonelelo zoluntu, umsebenzi weprojekthi, ukusebenzisana, unxibelelwano, umsebenzi ekude kanye kunikwe umgangatho kunye nokwamkelwa izigqibo ezifanelekileyo.
practice
Yintoni ergonomics ngokwenyani? Enyanisweni, le yinkqubo kakhulu ixesha elide kuba sithetha nje kuphela phambili umgangatho, kodwa sikhatshwe kwintshayelelo yayo yonke imiba yophuhliso. Cinga nje ukuba kukho iteknoloji entsha leyo eya kuphucula ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho kwamashishini ngokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ezimbalwa. Ngokuba wena, oku kucacile, kodwa abaphathi, ukuba kusekho kuyimfuneko ukungqina. Bala yonke kunye neefomula bafanekisela schemes, apho, yintoni nendlela ukubeka uze ubone ukuba izinto zazisenziwa ngendlela ekumele.