Brussels - is ... Capital Belgium: inkcazelo, umtsalane kubakhenkethi, uluntu

Brussels likomkhulu eBelgium intliziyo zonke mmandla lwenkunzi. It sakhiwe ngoomasipala-19. Uluntu lulonke kummandla eyinkunzi imalunga 2 yezigidi zabantu, yaye ikomkhulu ngokwawo - malunga 163 amawaka. ixesha Brussels, xa kuthelekiswa ne-eMoscow, kukho umahluko ngeyure enye. Umzekelo, kwikomkhulu Belgian - 9:00, in Russian - 10:00. Uqhekekile umzi ime kwi komlambo Senna, uphononongo apho, ngelishwa, yavalwa abakhi iinjineli ngexesha ezidolophini ka XIX-XX iinkulungwane.

Imvelaphi yegama

Igama le dolophu kuvela umgxobhozo. Kuyinto ixhaphake kule ngingqi. Iguqulwe kwi-Latin Bruocsella lithetha "yokuhlala kwi kumgxobhozo." Eyona phawu kwalo mzi yimbali - ifomu engalunganga. Senziwe nani engaqhelekanga zejiyometri into uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu.

sezulu

Brussels - isixeko apho sezulu umiswa ziingcathu, njengoko nendawo yaso isasazeka hayi kude eLwandle North. Kukho njalo ephakathi ezifudumeleyo yaye kufumile. Ehlotyeni ubushushu lingaphumi ngentla-20 ° ^C, yaye ebusika uyibone ngezantsi uphawu zero. Le nyanga zishushu ekunokuthiwa ngayo ngoJulayi nango-Agasti kwaye abanda - January. Olu hlobo imozulu wendlela imali eninzi kwemvula: umlinganiselo 850 mm ngonyaka.

History of Brussels

Legend yokuba Brussels - le lali, nesuka emva kwinkulungwane VI, umsunguli wayo ubizwa ngokuba Gaugericus engcwele. Kodwa ke ukuza kuthi ga ngoku andifumananga kokuqinisekisa esemthethweni le ntsomi. Lokuqala Uxwebhu zembali ukukhankanya malunga Bruocsella usomqulu ngesandla Ottona Velikogo ukususela 996 ngonyaka. Isixelela ukuba kwisithuba seminyaka 977-979. INkosana Lower Lorraine uCharles ndzi sungula ukwakha iindonga zesixeko yokuqala kunye ndlwana. Yaba ekuqaleni imbali Brussels. Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukuba esi sixeko samandulo ineLifa ngokwembali kwaye idume iinyaniso ezininzi ezinomdla. Emva kwisigaba sokuqala sophuhliso endaweni yayo lwakwakhiwa yecawa ogama St. Gudule, lowo ingqalelo umxhasi indlela yabo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XI lwakwakhiwa udonga lomzi yokuqala.

Ukuphuhliswa mzi kumaXesha Aphakathi

Ukususela 1430 eqalisa ukuba bathungelane ngokukhawuleza ukuya eBrussels. Oku kuyaqondakala. Ngelo xesha yena phantsi ukusekelwa luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi Philip III (Burgundy). Ngeli xesha, ezokwakha iholo edolophini kunye nezindlu, ukuphuhlisa kunye nokukhula koqoqosho, ukunyuka umoya yenkcubeko ye lithanda. Emva kokuba intombi uFilipu watshata yindlalifa Roman Empire (Maximilian I), indawo Brussels sayohlala Habsburg. Kwaye ngo 1531, kwixesha elizayo ikomkhulu Belgium ubuyele iBurgundy. Ukufa ke ngoko umlawuli uCharles V kunye nokuza ukuba amandla Philip II kwakhokelela ekubeni iliza elikhulu yokunganeliseki kunye umlawuli omtsha, udlame kunye nokwehla kwezoqoqosho.

Le minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe

1648 yazisa ukuphela elide lilindelwe yemfazwe iminyaka engama-30, isiphelo yaba Uxolo LwaseWestphalia, phantsi apho ndawo eBrussels kwi ekunene inikwe eSpeyin. Enganeliseki wayengekho isiphelo, kodwa ilizwe okumnandi kwaye izityebi waqala ukulwa baseSpeyin kunye isiFrentshi. Ngexesha lezi iimfazwe abemi Brussels iye ubunzima ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuba kudubula imimandla ephakathi yasezidolophini.

ukuzimela

Ukususela ka1789 amaProtestanti bendawo baqala afune ukuzimela ngokwabo. Zonke ilenze kunye amathuba ngowe-1815, xa uNapoleon kunye nomkhosi wakhe wehlelwa bomgodi kwi Idabi eWaterloo. Kwaye 1830 kwaphawulwa eBrussels ngenkululeko elide ilindelwe kunye nokuzimela. Esi sigqibo sathathwa Nkomfa London. Ukumkani yokuqala buBukumkani Belgium waba Leopold I. Xa injongo sele iphunyelelwe, emva kweenkulungwane eziliqela, uqoqosho kwakhona wenyuka endulini, kunye nokukhula labemi nokwanda suku ngalunye ngenxa abasuka kwamanye amazwe.
Oku kule xesha zembali kwakhiwa i Arc de Triomphe kunye Palais de Justice. Brussels - isixeko apho ikomkhulu elizayo isekelwe kwi-ofisi European Union NATO.

labantu

Emva ezidolophini inani balapho wayisusa kabini: ukusuka 100 ukuya amawaka 200. Brussels ubonisa ezala elihle (neqondo lokuzalwa kwabantu). Dynamics kowesi- kunye nesiqingatha bobudoda evumelana - phantse-50-50%. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini bonke zomthonyama zabantu Brussels ebizwa Francophones esafudukela zokulala kwiindawo lomzi kufuphi namadlelo. Endaweni yabo bokufika ngamazwe. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho abameli Congo kunye Turkey, ngokunjalo Morocco.

Kodwa ingxenye enkulu yabantu kwakukho French kunye Dutch, njalo ilwa omnye nomnye. Kungenxa yesi sizathu, ummandla eyaziwayo ngokusemthethweni kuphela ezimbini i Ingingqi Capital kunye Brussels ngokwayo. ulwimi French namalungelo alinganayo ngokupheleleyo Dutch. Kukho kwakhona kwande zomthonyama osanda yakutshanje. Yintoni ovumayo ukholo, inkoliso yabantu uthi mhlawumbi ubuKatolika okanye Protestantism. Ngenxa inani elikhulu bolunye uhlanga nako ukuhlangabezana, nabemi babekuthanda Islam okanye kubuYuda.

Economy nezithuthi inkqubo

Brussels - a iZiko loPhuhliso loQoqosho. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umgangatho wokuphila apha kubhetele kakhulu ngaphezu kweminye imizi. Eyona ngeniso izisa kushishino lwezokhenketho kunye neenkonzo, ngokunjalo yokupheka (inani zokutyela mkhulu kuno-2000). Kakuhle yaphuhliswa kwisebe eBrussels ubunjineli, olusebenza ngempumelelo kunye namaziko zemali. Kwaye ngokwemiqathango GDP oko kwindawo yesithathu phakathi yonke imizi yaseYurophu.

Ngokubhekiselele kwinkqubo yezothutho, ephuhliswa kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ubuthelezi kakuhle akhanyiswe umendo - ngaphandle kunye komhlaba - baxhotyiswe yonke imigangatho. Metro Brussels - "kundincedile" kubahlali. Ukwakhiwa kweendlela phantsi komhlaba yaba linyathelo elibe yimfuneko ngenxa yenani elikhulu izithuthi. Zonke niwujikeleze umzi, kukho kancinane ngaphezulu kwe 800 iinkampani iiteksi bakhonza abakhweli kwi lwamaxabiso enye. Amaninzi, oomatshini zabo zipeyintwe ngemibala mhlophe okanye lube mnyama. Kwakhona Babevakalisa imiqondiso eziphambili Brussels - iris ezityheli. Kukho amhlophe kwaye ebomvu ilebhile oxube.

Xa iyonke, isixeko ezimbini Airport esebenzayo kumbindi - Zaventem kunye Charleroi. Kunye nothotho inkulu ime kwi kummandla kwikomkhulu eBelgium. Well apha ephuhliswa kunye nenkqubo kaloliwe ngamazwe. Uninzi kwizikhululo zikaloliwe ezinkulu - North, South and Central.

Subway Brussels iqulathe imigca-4, kunye kwisikhululo ngasinye ibekwe kumgama omalunga 600-700 eemitha. Kukho elinesibhozo imigca esiporweni emhlabeni kunye 3 ngaphantsi komhlaba kunye neebhasi, eziqulathe ngaphandle intshukumo zombini umzi nangaphaya, xa amadlelo. Zonke izithuthi isebenza kuphela ukuba 00,30. A iindlela zokuthutha Ubusuku lwenziwa kuphela ngeempela-veki okanye amanani aphezulu.

Brussels ezinika umdla zotyelelo

Grand Place - le yenye izikwere ezinkulu komzi, ubukhulu oziimitha ezili-110 ubude nama-70 - ububanzi. Oku singqongwe izakhiwo emangalisayo kwinkulungwane XVII: labakhandi kunye kwiholo yedolophu kwi indlela zwe. I iingangamsha Hall City ezihonjiswe nakala ubuhle inqaba ayilwe wenza oqingqiweyo Arhangela Mihaila. Kwakunye nendlu yokumkani awuzange wenze nayiphi na isikwere umbindi Brussels zeendwendwe.

Doli PIs - a ezaziwayo-kakuhle umthombo ivuso, kunye nobude umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ka-60 cm phantsi igama "Manneken PIs". Ekufuphi kwindawo esembindini, imbonakalo yayo zigutyungelwe yi amavo ezahlukeneyo kunye namabali. Cathedral of St Michael ne St Gudule - ingcwele elikhulu zahluke lwezakhiwo ukudibanisa neminyaka eziliqela. Isibonelelo yakhiwa imbeko saver yaseBelgium.

Brussels - iziko yenkcubeko. Ubomi apha ezininzi nezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza kwezi ezinika, epakini liselikho ezithandwa kakhulu kunye thumbnail ezinkulu yaseYurophu zokwakha izakhiwo, "Atomium" - bayilibale yentsimbi yikristale ukuphakama phezu 100 kweemitha, nomfanekiso amabali ahlekisayo amaqhawe esixeko kwizakhiwo kunye nezindlu, kwakunye Intaba Arts. Ezininzi iimyuziyam, iipaki, iikonsathi zokutyela kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo uya kwenza kwabakhenkethi nganye ku tirhisa lokuphola engalibalekiyo ngoxa bezipholele Brussels.