Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov kuncwadi kwenkulungwane ye-18

Lomonosov kwi iincwadi ngenkulungwane ye-18 ngomnye amanani ezigqamileyo. Noko ke, njengoko kwezinye iindawo ezininzi. umntu Amazing ngamandla kunye netalente universalism yalo Lomonosov. Kule ncwadi, physics, ubucukubhede, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, imichiza, ukuma, ngeenkwenkwezi, Ezolimi - ke yonke wazibalula, wenza izinto ezifunyaniswe ezininzi. Sinikezela ukudibana kunye negalelo athe wenza ubuchule ngomlomo.

imfundo yaseyunivesithi, phawu lokudala

imfundo yakhe ngesimilo Encyclopedic. Lomonosov wayesazi isiGrike kunye nesiLatini, iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zaseYurophu, wayeqhelene ilifa wamandulo kunye neencwadi ehlabathini. UMikhail, ukongeza, owawomelele zenzululwazi zendalo kunye nemibhalo Church Slavonic lokufunda nokubhala. Konke oku kwenza kube ababandakanyekayo phantse onke kwinkalo yenkcubeko ixesha layo. Kwakhona Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umsebenzi wakhe, ukuba Yindibanisela eziyimpumelelo imibutho Russian, yaseYurophu yamandulo, wesizwe kakhulu.

Le ukulwa "izinto kwamanye amazwe"

Lomonosov kwiincwadi kunye nolwimi Russian iye yenziwa iinguqu ezininzi zinguquko. Enye yezi yaba ekulweni "izinto kwamanye amazwe." UMikhail wathi ulwimi Russian ivalekile amagama eelwimi zasemzini ezahlukeneyo ezidilikileyo, lixesha amabinzana Church Slavonic. Wagqiba ce, ukutyhila ubutyebi bayo. Lomonosov izicwangciso zokuphuhlisa ngokwesiseko ulwimi lwabantu. Walandela umendo indibanisela ixabiso ngeelwimi Russian kunye Slavic.

UMikhail Vasilyevich nomzabalazo with "izinto zasemzini" wadlala indima enkulu. Ngenxa yakhe, waqinisa Russian yolwimi yesizwe. Lomonosov wayeyingcali ngeelwimi ezininzi kwaye yingqondi yenzululwazi. Wakwazi ukufumana amagama elifanelekileyo iingqiqo zenzululwazi Russian. Ngoko uMikhail wabeka isiseko isigama lwenzululwazi nobugcisa. amabinzana amaninzi zenzululwazi yabhalwa baye babe yinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla kwaye zisetyenziswa namhlanje.

"Indlela azibona" Lomonosov

"Isimbo Beje", nesetyenziswa kwi ncwadi Lomonosov - akanguye ngenxa "ugonyo yamandulo" kolwimi lwenkobe kwi kwimibhalo Trediakovsky. Eli lilinge yendalo uhlaziye impumelelo zoncwadi yamandulo Russian ngamaxesha anzima utshintsho ngenxa yakhe. Sithetha ekupheleni 14 - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-15, kwakunye kwisiqingatha sesibini kwenkulungwane ye-17. Kwabo maxesha bakholisa ukuba banqwenela ukuba ndibuye ndiphilise inkcubeko ubuchule zoncwadi enkondlo. Kula maxesha, kukho indlela yokuba 'ukwaluka lwamagama ", nzima yegama. Lomonosov kule ncwadi Kwandile lizama ukuqhubekeka into kanye izame ukuphawula Epiphanius Izazi, yaye emva kwethutyana - Evfimiy Chudovsky, Epiphany Slavinetsky kunye nezinye ababengaphambi kwakhe.

Into yokuba uMikhail kukuba nentlonelo kakhulu iincwadi yamandulo, ibonisa injongo yayo ukwenza isichazi-magama, apho kufuneka ufake amagama elinesihloko yeembali Novgorod kunye yemihla Nestor. Ukongeza, wagqiba ukubhala umsebenzi okhethekileyo abazinikele ulwimi Slovenian kunye nento yokuba ungakwazi ukuthatha kuyo kwaye asetyenziswe kule ncwadi.

Theory University of iindlela

Lomonosov kule ncwadi iye izame baguqule kwamkelwa ngexesha ingcamango "wayengekho" iindlela ngeendlela ezintathu. Yena akazange aneliseke. Wayefuna ukuqonda endala-isimbo amaxwebhu yamandulo kunye nemisebenzi. Lomonosov yaqalisa ingqiqo iindlela ngeendlela ezilandelayo: piiticheskogo, buciko, ilula, didaskalicheskogo nezembali. Amaxesha amaninzi, bona ezihlobeneyo. UMikhail wajika "isimbo Beje". isincoko Yakhe "ubuciko", eyapapashwa ngo-1748, siqulethe isahluko sizinikele kuye. Ithi ukuba intetho komhlana - izivakalisi apho isivisa kwaye ngokuxhomekeke zizale ngendlela 'ongaqhelekanga "kwaye enze ngaloo ndlela into" mnandi "kunye" ezibalulekileyo ". Ngoko ke, ulwimi grandiloquent kunye nobungangamsha kwiYunivesithi kuqondwa nokuqhubeka nezithethe zamandulo zoncwadi.

Meaning indalo isihobe University

Ngoko ke kakhulu ukuba iincwadi Russian wenza Lomonosov. Igalelo le ncwadi kuba bukhulu kangangokuba sinokuthi na apha eqala iincwadi Russian. It yaphawula Belinskiy Vissarion Grigorevich, umhlalutyi odumileyo. Xa isihloko sakhe sithi "maphupho yoncwadi" Wanika lo uvavanyo lomsebenzi wakhe. Kwaye asikwazi uyavumelana nale mbono. Hayi kuphela umsebenzi nokudalwa ulwimi ubugcisa Russian wesizwe, kodwa indalo yayo lwesihobe ivule iphepha elitsha M. V. Lomonosov kule ncwadi. Alipheli apho.

Sinokuthi ukuba Lomonosov igalelo uncwadi leyo iye yandinceda, waza wavula kwinqanaba elitsha kwimbali yonke inkcubeko Russian. Wafuna umsebenzi wabo ukuze kukhululwe inkcubeko eliqingqiweyo ngelifa. Lomonosov wafuna nokuqinisekisa ukuba akayi enxulumene ibandla. UMikhail Lomonosov wayefuna ukwakha inkcubeko yesizwe.

Classicism ngemisebenzi uMikhail Vasilyevich

Xa iincwadi Russian, nakwisiqingatha 2 kwenkulungwane ye-18 lelona xesha of classicism. Literature, sidalwe sikhokelo oku, yenzelwe ukubonisa ubomi akukho nto na, ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo. Kufuneka unikezele nezibonelo. Indalo Classicism yahlulwe izimbo 3. ulwimi, imixholo kunye neentlobo bahambelana ngamnye kubo.

Uqobo Heritage University

Igama uMikhail Vasilyevich kakhulu enxibelelene kakhulu kuphuhliso olu lwalathiso kwilizwe lethu. Zeziphi othile imbongi efana Lomonosov, kule ncwadi? Ngokufutshane chaza ngegalelo lakhe. Imbongi ubomi bakhe yendalo kudale imisebenzi ezininzi ntlobo ezahlukeneyo. Wabhala ke epigrams kunye imibhalo, kunye nemiyalezo, kunye idyll, kunye iintsomi. Ukongeza, uMikhail wajika uvuthondaba. Yini enye Lomonosov kule ncwadi? Ngokufutshane echaza igalelo lakhe, singatsho ukuba uye wadala 2 ntlekele wazama "ivesi ukukhanya 'yakhe. Noko ke, loo nto yaba ode waya uhlobo yakhe ayithandayo.

Ode ube uhlobo

Le classicism uhlobo libhekisa kwisimbo eliphezulu. Oda ukuba yiyiphi na umntu zoluntu ezibalulekileyo okanye isiganeko, ukuwukhulisa le okanye elo siganeko kweli lizwe. Olu hlobo kufuneka ibhalwe ngolwimi "amisiweyo". Le ode ifumaneka kakhulu amanani izafobe kunye ezahlukeneyo ezityhutyhayo.

Ngohlobo kakhulu amaninzi awayethetha Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov kule ncwadi. University od umxholo umsebenzi emiselwe iimbono kwezentlalo nezopolitiko abathi imbongi. Uninzi kwimixholo imisebenzi uMikhail Vasilyevich waba zobugorha yobuzwe.

izihloko Main bacule Lomonosov

ezweni Subject - ukuba bacule central Lomonosov. Imbongi ke ningadinwa ukucula ubukhulu Russia, nobukhulu bawo kunye nobukhulu izithuba zawo, ngobuninzi bobutyebi bakhe. Umzekelo, kwi ode ngo-1748 wadala umfanekiso onobungangamsha wendalo. Lo msebenzi lunikezelwa anyukele kwitrone Elizabeth - igalelo elikhulu iincwadi Lomonosov. Isishwankathelo kuziwa echaza ngokwamandla kumkani.

Umbhali ithi phantsi Elizabeth "cwaka" inviolable. Xa umsebenzi wakhe sifumana elenziwe umfanekiso ubunjani laqhenqetha imilenze phezu emathafeni, uyasondela amehlo akhe merry ebese "ngeenxa ulwaneliseko", ingqiniba yakhe waza wahlala phantsi eCaucasus.

Ukuze ube Lezwe nempumelelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba onke amacandelo oluntu nzima wasebenza nzima. Enye imixholo abaphambili bacule ka uMikhail yabasebenzi uba isihloko. Umele kunyanzeleka ukuba akhatshwe imfundo nenzululwazi. Kufanele kulunyukwe ukuseka isakhelo zezazinzulu Russian, njengoko kusitshiwo yi uMikhail Lomonosov kule ncwadi.

UMikhail wacinga ukuba kuxhamle inzululwazi kunye nemfundo kufuneka uxolo. Xa ezininzi bacule zakhe ikhalise imfuno ukuphelisa imfazwe. Ubiza ukuseka i "cwaka oyintanda." Ngoko uMikhail ubiza uxolo phakathi kweentlanga, reactions ingcinezelo, ukupheliswa imbambano kweli lizwe.

Ngoko ke uyacula ngemisebenzi yakhe, ubuhle bendalo kunye nabantu Russian, wakhetha kuphuhliso inzululwazi kunye nemfundo; kufuna ukuba inkqubela kolu shishino, urhwebo kunye yezandla. UMikhail ndiqiniseke umfundi ukuba kuyimfuneko ekuphuhliseni ubutyebi bendalo eRashiya. Idume ukuba ngoloyiso ezweni kwi edabini.

Ze orientation od

bacule Content zibangelwa into yokuba babe ubuxoki ebomini. Lomonosov wakhuthaza absolutism bakhanyiselwa. Wayeqiniseka ukuba ukuphumeza iinguqu inkqubo kweli lizwe kunokuba lokumkani bakhanyiselwa kuphela. Ngoko ke, xa umsebenzi kwiYunivesithi ludlala indima ebalulekileyo umxholo yamanani zoluntu lizwe. Imbongi ubeka emlonyeni labalawuli izilumko abakukhathaleleyo malunga neemfuno zesizwe, iingcinga zabo ngendlela onokusebenzela ngayo eRashiya.

Kungakuhle ukuba "inkosi bakhanyiselwa"

Kungakuhle ukuba "kumkani bakhanyiselwa" bavakalisa kakhulu ngokupheleleyo kumsebenzi wakhe ngohlobo Peter I. Lomonosov wayekholelwa ukuba umsebenzi wakhe ngumzekelo ukuyilandela. Wabiza abo bangena kaPetros I ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe.

Iimpawu bacule Lomonosov

Lomonosov based ode yakhe phezu siseko imisebenzi ubugagu. Kuyinto uphawu ngenxa ukuphuphuma hyperboles, izafobe, izikhuzo, njengobuxoki, uthelekiso engalindelekanga kunye nabanye. Imbongi kwakhona isebenzisa Slavic kunye nemifanekiso Greek nangqondo.

Zonke iimpawu ngaphezulu zenza uhlobo umthendeleko omkhulukazi nangokunzulu kodwa ombambazelayo of bacule zakhe. Bona imizekelo ebalaseleyo classicism.

Ngoko ke, siye sachaza ngegalelo zeDyunivesithi iincwadi kunye Russian ngokufutshane ulwimi. Nangona kunjalo, le yinxalenye encinane kuphela yelifa lakhe. Njengoko siye sathetha, washiya uphawu lwakhe zenzululwazi emininzi. Wayeyindoda zezinye izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye neziphiwo. ilifa lakhe olufundwa kule mini, kuquka ukuba Lomonosov wakwenzayo uncwadi. ngobomi bakhe zifakiwe kwikharityhulam ngenxa ezahlukeneyo izinto.