Formula ezinepolypropylene. Iimpawu kunye nokusebenzisa ezinepolypropylene

Neepholimazi ezenziwe kwezi zinto, izinto zasekhaya kunye izincedisi - oku yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kolu shishino kunye nobomi yoluntu ngokubanzi. izibonelelo zendalo, ngelishwa, sisazama kakhulu ngexesha ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Ngoko ke, abantu kufuneka bafunde ukuba nokulungelelanisa izinto ezenziwe ukuba abe inani iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zobugcisa. Enye yezi ezinepolypropylene. formula Chemical yale ezimbaxa, ingakumbi iimpawu zayo kunye nesakhiwo kwemolekyuli ziya kuqwalaselwa kweli nqaku.

Iipholima - inkcazelo jikelele

Olu udidi lwe iikhompawundi ziquka ezo abe ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu ubunzima eziphilayo. Ngenxa Iipholima - ezi khompawundi ezintsonkothileyo eziphilayo ezinama iiyunithi monomer nokuphindaphinda ezininzi, nto leyo inokuthabatha ithuba amashumi eziliqela ukuya amakhulu, amawaka okanye izigidi.

La maqela alandelayo ukuze mayahlulwe phakathi zonke neeplastikhi:

1. imvelaphi Natural - iiproteni, iimolekyuli acid nangenucleic ka ATP, njalo-njalo.
2. Lamalungu - ezo zisekelwe zendalo, kodwa sele iikhemikhali kwalungiswa ukwenzela ukuphucula intsebenzo. Umzekelo, rubbers ngumntu.
3. Synthetic - abo wadala kuphela ekudibaneni kwemichiza, kuyondelelaniswe kwi elebhu kunye neyeaityalo. Nantsi imizekelo ezi amalaphu zokwenziwa neerhali, polyethylene, rubbers zokwenziwa, Polyvinyl chloride, ezinepolypropylene kunye nabanye.

Onke amacandelo ziphawulwe iqela Iipholima - kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo mveliso ekrwada ukwenzela ukulungiswa kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, izinto zasekhaya, izinto zokubhala, izinto zokudlala, ifanitshala kunye nezinye izinto.

Abameli Iipholima ezibaluleke zokwenziwa

Ifomula chemical enye abameli ibalulekileyo iipholima ibhalwe njengoko (-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -) _n. Le polyethylene. iindawo akhe ukusetyenziswa baziwa. Oku iimfuno zekhaya (lokuthenga umboniso), kunye mveliso, kunye noshishino ukutya (material ukupakisha). Noko ke, nangona ke ixhaphake kakhulu, kodwa hayi ummeli kuphela kubalulekile ukuba abantu. Kusenokwenzeka zikwaquka Iipholima ezifana:

• PVC;
• ezinepolypropylene;
• polyisobutylene;
• istro;
• Teflon;
• Polyvinyl acetate, kunye nabanye.

Kungenxa kwishishini lokwakha, kwaye ukwenza cookware udlala izinto indima ebalulekileyo ezifana ezinepolypropylene. Ngoko ke, ukuba siqwalasele ngakumbi iimpawu zayo ukusuka kwindawo imichiza ngayo.

ezinepolypropylene Formula

Ngokwembono chemistry inzululwazi, ukwakhiwa loo nto luboniswe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ifomula. I ukhetho lokuqala likwimo beemolekyuli yokubhala. Kule meko ifomyula njengoko ezinepolypropylene (C ₃ H _{6) n.} polimerazatsii Last n na inqanaba, ngamanye inani leeyunithi kumaziko macrochain sokuqala.

Le ngxelo icebisa sisincoko qualitative yokuqhubekileyo kunye neenkcukacha zamanani kwemolekyuli. Polypropene ibandakanya carbon yehayidrojini athom, yaye inani labo kwiyunithi monomer ilingana ngokulandelelana ukuya 3/6, nomxokelelwane iyonke ixhomekeke kwi index n. Ukuba sithethe isakhiwo ezimbaxa, phezu komyalelo-athom kwi molecule, ngoko ufuna uhlobo olwahlukileyo sokurekhoda eziphathekayo.

Polypropylene: formula noshowo

uhlobo Rekhoda, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba umyalelo imixokelelwane atomic kwi molecule, ngokuba ifomula kwesakhiwo. Izinto ngazo apha kuya kuba ifomu: (CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -) _n. Ngokucacileyo, le Valence atom kuxhaphakile organic chemistry kwaye igcinwe kule meko. Formula ezinepolypropylene okanye polypropene ubonisa uhlobo unit monomer oxhasa oko ezimbaxa. Oku wabumba umntu ezizizembiwa unsaturated (alkene) propene okanye propene. ifomula yayo enokwehla: C ₃ H _8.

Le monomer sokuqala

Ifomula okufumana monomer ezinepolypropylene ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: (-CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -). Ukuba le Isiqwenga iphindiwe ezingamakhulu amaxesha, sifumana yonke macromolecule, a Polymer zokwenziwa, egqalwa eziphathekayo. Ukongeza, sele wabonisa ukuba bonke yokuqala izinto for indlela polymerization kufuneka ingqalelo alkene yesiqhelo - propene. Yena ezinepolypropylene monomer. formula lokwakheka ziya kubhalwa njengoko CH ₃ -CH = CH _2. Ngexesha lekhefu oyifunayo double moiety wosana ngexesha polymerization. Ukuba iyunithi monomer efanayo, apho iintlobo abaphinda macromolecule Polymer.

iipropati Physical nemichiza

Polypropylene ifomula (-CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -) _n ibonisa iimpawu zayo emzimbeni imichiza. Sibala ezona ziphambili.

1. Iipropati Physical of Polymer: 0,91 g / cm ^3, nzima, lingonakali, kungekhona phantsi umhlwa. White, opaque. Akukho ivumba. Emanzini, izinyibilikisi ze-oganikhi kwiqondo lobushushu eziqhelekileyo ezingenakunyibilika. Xa index ngaphezu kwe-100 ⁰ C unyityilikiswa iikhompawundi hydrocarbon. Uqala ukuthambisa emva 140 ⁰ C, kwi 170 ⁰ C linyibilike. It has ubushushu kunye nokumelana abandayo.
2. iipropati Chemical. Kweli qela msebenzi, polypropene ingabalelwa ngezinto kakhulu egalelwe. Kuyinto olukwazi sokuthatha kuphela a iioksidenti engamandla: lokhu-nitric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, halogens esebenzayo (fluorine, chlorine). Ekubeni amanzi angavumelaniyo konke konke, nokuba kumaqondo obushushu ephakamileyo. Ekubeni kuphela oxygen lisabela phezu zokukhanya nokukhanya yelanga, oko kukhatshwa ukuthotywa le Polymer. Le izinyibilikisi ze-oganikhi kunye ukwandisa fuku lobushushu kunye inyibilike.

kwiipropati ezithile iipropati kunganxulunyaniswa iimpawu umbandela esetyenziswa kwishishini. Nakuba kunjalo, ayizizo zonke ezinepolypropylene efanayo. Kukho kwezithako ezikhethekileyo ekwenzeni, ezo yamathuba emisebenzi kusetyenziswa kumabakala ahlukeneyo Polymer ethathelwa ingqalelo.

Ukucacisa material

Kuyenzeka ukuba ityumbe iipropati eziliqela ezisisiseko yababephethwe izinto ezinepolypropylene. Iimpawu esilandelayo yayo;

1. Xa ukufudumeza uyakwazi ukunyibilika, athambise ngaphambili.
2. Kukho na iipropati Uhanjiso.
3. Udarostoek, bafaka ixesha elide.
4. Ukumelana lingonakali.
5. Ukuguga xa libekwe kwindawo enelanga kwaye ioksijini, kodwa inkqubo iyacotha ngokwaneleyo.
6. Njengoko Polymer enobunzima ezincinane eziphilayo.
7. Ngaba okumhlophe, iyakhanya, akukho incasa okanye ivumba.
8. Ukuba omlilo ayikhuphi izinto eziyingozi, ikhala ngendlela vumba ukukhanya zeentyantyambo.
9. Ngoko ke guquka, ixesha elide, ukumelana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ungcoliseko.
10. It has ubushushu kunye iqabaka.

Zonke amasimi ephawulwe ezinepolypropylene njengoko iimpawu ezibonakalayo zenza kube ifanele ezahlukeneyo kwiimfuno. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kulula ukugcina nokusebenzisa kulo mkhuba nawuphi candelo kuqoqosho.

Xa zizonke, kukho iintlobo ezintathu ezingundoqo kwale nto:

• attaktichesky;
• syndiotactic;
• isotactic.

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo - kodwa ke ulwakhiwo lwendawo kwemolekyuli. Ngokukodwa - Amaqela imethyl kweli kwikhonkco. Kwakhona iinkcukacha uzinze ongeziweyo, inani leeyunithi monomer kwi lwestraksha.

Ukuveza izinto mhlawumbi ngokohlobo isakhiwo crystalline granular okanye ngohlobo imicu, sheets.

Iindawo zosetyenziso

ezinepolypropylene Izinto esetyenziselwa kwimveliso bhanyabhanya ezahlukeneyo, izikhongozeli ukupakishwa, izikhongozeli ukutya. Kungenxa yokuba yenziwe iikomityi zeplastikhi nezinye izinto ze tableware elahlwayo. Le nto isetyenziswa ukwenza eziluqilima, ukumelana kwiiarhente zeekhemikhali Polypropylene imibhobho ngemibhobho yamanzi.

Isetyenziswa ukudala izinto shumonepronitsaemyh. enamathelayo - naye yenye kwiintlobo ezinepolypropylene.

izinto Attaktichesky isetyenziselwa ukwenza:

• mastics;
• yokuncamathelisa;
• kokuvala;
• tapes kwakuse;
• iipavumente kunye nokunye.

Inani elikhulu kweemakhishithi ezinepolypropylene, zomzimba, amagqabi lokuvelisa izinto zokudlala, izinto zokubhala, izinto zasekhaya kunye nezinto zendlu.