Izifundo kwimbali: iinkokheli intshukumo White

Xa imfazwe yamakhaya nxamnye iiBolsheviks zaba ezahlukeneyo nemikhosi. Loo Cossacks, isizwe, Democrats, monarchists. Bonke bephela, nangona iiyantlukwano zabo, ukuba bekunjalo White. Woyiswa, iinkokheli imikhosi anti-yeSoviet bafa okanye ndiza kuhamba.

Alexander Kolchak

Nangona uxhathiso iiBolsheviks abazange babe ngokupheleleyo oluhlangeneyo, ezizezi uAleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak (1874-1920) kuthathwa yi mbali ezininzi mntu uphambili intshukumo White. Yena waba isosha professional waza wakhonza Navy. Loxolo, Kolchak wayedume ngokuba wamazwe polar-nzulu-yesazi.

Njengezinye amajoni zobungcali, uAleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak yaba amava atyebileyo ngexesha lephulo Japanese kunye leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ngokufika kwe Provisional kaRhulumente, yena ngokufutshane bafudukela USA. Xa kwafika iindaba ezivela kwilizwe kwe revolution yamaBolshevik, Kolchak wabuyela eRashiya.

Admiral kufika aseSiberia eOmsk, apho urhulumente SR wenze ngumlungiseleli walo imfazwe. Ngowe-1918, loo magosa wenza umbuso ogama Kolchak umlawuli omkhulu Russia. Ezinye iinkokeli intshukumo White akazange ababeyazi force elikhulu enjalo Alexander (ilifa lakhe umkhosi 150,000th).

Kwi kummandla elilawulwa Kolchak wayibuyisela imithetho yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Ukusuka eSiberia ukuya ngasentshona, iRhuluneli Ephakamileyo womkhosi eRashiya wadlulela iVolga. Xa kwincopho impumelelo yakhe iye Kazan emhlophe. Kolchak wazama ukutsala phezu kangangoko kunokwenzeka imikhosi iiBolsheviks, Denikin ukucima indlela eya eMoscow.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-1919, i-Red Army lasungula yahlasela. White lweMedia bangena eSiberia. sizana Angaphandle (Czechoslovak izindlu) wanika wayekhwele uloliwe, kwimpuma Kolchak SRs. adubula Admiral e Irkutsk ngoFebruwari 1920.

Anton Denikin

Ukuba empumalanga weRashiya wakhokela i-White Army Kolchak ngoko kumazantsi benkokeli engundoqo lomkhosi ixesha elide Anton Ivanovich Denikin (1872-1947). Wazalelwa ePoland, waya kufunda kwi eyinkunzi waba negosa abasebenzi.

Denikin waza wakhonza kwi nomda Austria. KweMfazwe Yehlabathi Okokuqala wachitha emkhosini Brusilov, bathatha inxaxheba Breakout adumileyo kunye nemisebenzi eseGalicia. Urhulumente interim gqaba wenza Anton Ivanovich ingqwayi-zantsi Front. Denikin inkxaso kuvukela Kornilov. Emva kokuba ukungaphumeleli mdibi, uLieutenant-Jikelele wavalelwa ngokufutshane (Bykhov isihlalo).

Wakhululwa ngoNovemba 1917, waqala ukuxhasa Denikin White mbandela. Ndawonye iinjengele Kornilov kunye Alexeyev wadala (kwaye ngoko single-handedly kwakhokelela) Njengevolontiya Army, nto leyo eyaba esiyintsika yale uxhathiso iiBolsheviks engasezantsi Russia. Yeyona ubhejo Denikin amagunya Entente, wathi imfazwe kwi elalisakuba yiSoviet emva kokuba uxolo hlukanisa eJamani.

Abanye ixesha Denikin babesilwa kunye Don Ataman Petrom Krasnovym. Phantsi yengcinezelo evela namahlakani wathobela Anton Ivanovich. NgoJanuwari 1919, Denikin waba yintloko VSYUR - ngemipu Forces of Southern Russia. umkhosi wakhe usule kummandla ye'Bolsheviks Kuban, Don, Tsarina, Donbass, IKharkiv. ekhubekisayo Denikin kaThixo zixinge kumbindi weRashiya.

VSYUR lihambe liye ku Novocherkassk. Denikin bafudukela ukusuka apho ukuya Crimea, apho ngo-Epreli 1920 phantsi yengcinezelo abachasi adluliselwe amagunya akhe Petru Vrangelyu. Oku kwalandelwa kokuphuma eYurophu. wabhala yokushiywa ngokuBanzi kwimbali yobomi, "Izincoko kwi Iingxaki Russian", apho wazama ukuba uphendule umbuzo wokuba kutheni intshukumo White boyiswa. Xa imfazwe yamakhaya, Anton Ivanovich IVinyl kuphela iiBolsheviks. Wala ukusekela uHitler wagxeka nabahleli. Emva kokoyiswa isiThathu Reich Denikin sathatha indawo yokuhlala kunye wafudukela US, apho wafela ngo 1947.

Lavr Kornilov

Umququzeleli we aphumelele Lavr Georgievich Kornilov (1870-1918) wazalelwa kwintsapho Cossack kwegosa, apho wagqiba umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni. Njengoko i isikhulu, wakhonza ePersi, Afghanistan, ne India. Emfazweni, ukuba yathinjwa Austrians, igosa wabaleka ekhaya.

Ekuqaleni Lavr Georgievich Kornilov exhaswa ngurhulumente yethutyana. Iintshaba eziphambili Russia, wacinga yasekhohlo. Njengoko inxusa amandla nkqi, waqala ukulungiselela uqhankqalazo anti-government. hambo kwakhe Petrograd akuphumelelanga. Kornilov nabaxhasi bakhe wabanjwa.

Xa kuqala-Oktobha Revolution, kwakhululwa le jikelele. Waba umphathi wokuqala NjengeVolontiya Army emzantsi weRashiya. NgoFebruwari 1918, Kornilov walungelelanisa Yokuqala Kuban (Ice) uhambo ukuya Yekaterinodar. Lo msebenzi uye waba kaHomer. Zonke iinkokheli intshukumo White kwixesha elizayo ezama ukuba ngoovulindlela. Kornilov waye kabuhlungu wabulawa ngexesha kweziqhushumbisi Ekaterinodar.

UNikolai Yudenich

Jikelele UNikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich (1862-1933) wayengomnye iinjengele kakhulu nempumelelo Russian kwi imfazwe nxamnye Germany kunye namahlakani ayo. Wabakhokela kubasebenzi abaseAfrika Army ngexesha amadabi zawo Ottoman. Kanye ngamandla, Kerensky wathumela umphathi ukurhoxa.

Xa kuqala-Oktobha Revolution, uNikolay Nikolaevich Yudenich ngoxa ngokungemthetho Petrograd. Ebutsheni bowe-1919, usebenzisa amaxwebhu zomgunyathi bafudukela eFinland. Intlanganiso e iKomiti Russian Helsinki wavakalisa inkulu.

Yudenich wasungula unxibelelwano kunye Aleksandrom Kolchakom. Ukulungelelaniswa izenzo zabo kunye Admiral, UNikolai wazama ukuba acele inkxaso ye-Entente kunye Mannerheim. Ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngo-1919, wafumana beLungu nguMphathiswa of War kwi ekuthiwa-urhulumente North-Western kwasekwa Revel.

Xa ekwindla ka Yudenich waququzelela hambo kwi Petrograd. Ngokusisiseko, intshukumo White kwi War Civil wenze kummandla ongaphandle lizwe. umkhosi Yudenich kaThixo, phezu koko, wazama ukuba akhulule ikomkhulu (ngenxa yokuba urhulumente yamaBolshevik wafudukela eMoscow). Wathabatha Tsarskoye Selo, Gatchina wafika Pulkovo eziphakamileyo. NoTrotsky wakwazi ukudlulisela ngololiwe ukuya Petrograd kugunyaziso ngaphezu ize zonke iinzame ukuze uzifumane isixeko emhlophe.

Ekupheleni kuka-1919 lweMedia Yudenich Estonia. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva bathutha. Kangangexesha elithile jikelele wachitha eLondon, apho watyelelwa Winston Churchill. ukoyiswa Svyknuvshis, Yudenich bahlala eFransi bahlehla kwipolitiki. Ngowe-1933, wafa Cannes ukusuka TB miphungeni.

Alexey Kaledin

Xa October Revolution aduma, Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin (1861-1918) waye isikhulu imikhosi Don. Kule post wonyulwa kweenyanga ezimbalwa phambi kokuba iziganeko e Petrograd. Iidolophu Cossack, ngokuyintloko e Rostov, kwaba uvelwano womelele Socialist. Ataman, ngokuchaseneyo, wabona yamaBolshevik revolution-mthetho. Kokufumana kwakhe iindaba ezimbi ezivela Petrograd, woyisa i Amaqumrhu kwi Don uMzimba.

Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin esisuka Novocherkassk. NgoNovemba, kwafika omnye jikelele emhlophe - uMikhail Alekseev. Ngelo xesha, Cossacks ubunzima yakhe lehla. Abaninzi badiniwe amagqala emfazwe waphendula ngokucacileyo ukuba amazwi yamaBolshevik. Abanye banawo urhulumente uLenin likaThixo cala. Ubutshaba wobusoshiyali bangazange babe namava phantse namnye.

Ukulahlekelwa ithemba ukuxhulumana kunye ukubhukuqwa loRhulumente lwethutyana, Kaledin waya amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza. Wathi ukuzimela ye-Don uMzimba. Ukuphendula le mvukelo Rostov iiBolsheviks. Ataman, ngenkxaso evela Alekseeva, yena zicinezelwa le ngxelo. E Don igazi lokuqala awaliphalazayo.

Ekupheleni kuka-1917 Kaledin wanika go-phambili ngenxa ekudalweni anti-yamaBolshevik Volunteer Army. E Rostov wabonakala imikhosi ezimbini ngaxeshanye. Kwelinye icala, kwaba iinjengele Njengevolontiya Army emhlophe, kwelinye - eli Cossacks zasekuhlaleni. Zakutsha nje iyixhase iiBolsheviks. NgoDisemba, i-Red Army yahlala Donbas kunye baseTaganrog. iiyunithi Cossack, elingumthombo, ibolile ngokupheleleyo. Eqonda ukuba abantu abasebenza phantsi zakhe abafuni ukulwa ngamandla yiSoviet, Ataman waba wazibulala.

ataman Krasnov

Emva kokufa Kaledin Cossack sympathized elide kunye iiBolsheviks. Xa kwasungulwa amandla Don yiSoviet, amajoni ngaphambili-line izolo ngokukhawuleza weza lokuthiya ebomvu. Sele ngoMeyi 1918, imvukelo yaqhambuka Don.

New Ataman of the Don Cossacks uPetros Krasnov (1869-1947). Ngexesha imfazwe baseJamani Austria, yena, njengamanye iinjengele ezininzi emhlophe abathatha inxaxheba odumileyo Brusilov nhlanganiso. Ukuze kwiBolsheviks emkhosini abasoloko bephatha yeqonga. Yaba nguye ngokwemiyalelo Kerensky wazama ukuba nizityhafise abaxhasi Lenin Petrograd, xa revolution Oktobha nje kufezeke. amandla Small Krasnov esaphethe Tsarskoye Selo kunye Gatchina, kodwa kungekudala kwiBolsheviks amrhawula kunye imipu kuye.

Emva ukusilela yokuqala uPetros Krasnov wakwazi ukuba afudukele Don. Ukuba anti-Soviet Cossack isikhulu, wala ukuba ukuthobela Denikin bazama ukulandela inkqubo ezimeleyo. Ngokukodwa, Krasnov iseke nobuhlobo kunye amaJamani.

Kuphela xa wabhengeza emuva, ekwanti Ataman wathobela Denikin eBerlin. Commander in eyiNtloko zamavolontiya Army akubanyamezeli elide ally ezingaqondakaliyo. NgoFebruwari 1919, phantsi koxinzelelo Krasnov Denikin waya Yudenich umkhosi e-Estonia. Ukusuka apho ke bafudukela eYurophu.

Njengokuba ezininzi neenkokeli intshukumo White, elubhacweni, owayesakuba Cossack Ataman waphupha malunga rematch. Intiyo le iiBolsheviks wamtyhala uHitler kaThixo inkxaso. AmaJamani wenza Krasnov yintloko Cossacks kwi ezinabantu Russian. Emva kokoyiswa Wesithathu, amaBritane ekhutshwe uPyotr Nikolayevich USSR. ESoviet Union yena wazama waza wagwetyelwa ukufa. Krasnov wabulawa.

Ivan Romanovsky

Warlord Ivan Pavlovich Romanovsky (1877-1920) ukuya era wasebukhosini-nxaxheba kwi imfazwe eJapan Germany. Ngowe-1917 wayezixhasa ingxelo Kornilov kunye Denikin wayekhonza kunye nokubanjwa kwidolophu Bykhov. Emva kokuya ku Don, Romanovsky inxaxheba ekubunjweni umbutho imikhosi anti-yamaBolshevik yokuqala.

Jikelele Denikin wamiselwa namasekela-kweliso entongeni yakhe. Kukholelwa ukuba Romanovsky waba phezu umphathi wakhe negalelo elikhulu. Intando Denikin ukhankanywe Ivan Pavlovich ezihlangwini zakhe xa kuthe wafa engalindelekanga.

Ngenxa ngqo kwabo Romanovsky sichasene nezinye mkhosi ezininzi Dobrarmii, kwaza ke esikhundleni VSYUR. intshukumo White eRashiya eyeyakhe ambiguously. Xa Denikin, Wrangel waphumelela, Romanovsky ushiye zonke izithuba zabo baza babuyela Istanbul. Kwisixeko mnye wabulawa uLieutenant Mstislavom Haruzinym. Shooter, nabo bakhonza kwi-White Army, wachaza isenzo sakhe yokuba IVinyl Romanovsky VSYUR nya kwi imfazwe yamakhaya.

Sergei Markov

I Njengevolontiya Army Sergey Leonidovich Markov (1878-1918) waba ligorha elithile. igama lakhe kwathiwa butho kunye nomkhosi bebala. UMarko baziwa italente yakhe Committe nenkalipho yabo, leyo wabonisa edabini zonke kunye Red Army. Amalungu intshukumo White kunye sinexhala othile zanyangwa ukuya kwimemori le jikelele.

biography Military Markov ukuya era wasebukhosini lifana ngoko ligosa. Yena inxaxheba kwiphulo le-Japanese. Kwicala waseJamani, wathi umthetheli-butho umpu, waza waba yintloko kwemisimelelo ezimbalwa eziliqela. Ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngo-1917, Markov inkxaso Kornilov kunye kunye nezinye iinjengele elizayo White phantsi ngo Bykhov.

Ekuqaleni imfazwe yamakhaya, emkhosini safudukela kumzantsi Russia. Waye abaseka ilungu Lamatsha Army. Markov wenza igalelo elikhulu mba kumhlophe Ice March. Ngobusuku ka-Aprili 16, 1918 wayekunye neqela elincinane zokuzithandela Medvedovku - kwesikhululo enkulu sikaloliwe, apho amavolontiya watshabalalisa uloliwe eSoviet vehicles, waza waqhekeza ngaphandle encirclement waza wemka nentshutshiso. ukulwa waba usindiso yomkhosi Denikin kaThixo, ukuba nje wenza i uhlaselo asiphumelelanga Ekaterinodar kwaye nganeno ngaseludinini kuba bengaphumelelanga.

Markova feat yamenza liqhawe mhlophe kunye utshaba ngenjongo Reds. Kwiinyanga ezimbini emva koko, i-General zinetalente wathabatha inxaxheba Kuban ekhubekisayo. Around town Shablievki inxalenye idibene imikhosi awongamileyo yotshaba. In umzuzwana sibi ngokwakho Markov uvele evulekileyo, apho iye yaxhobisa indawo mkhanya. Ngokutsho indawo umlilo ukuvulwa Red Army train vehicles. Kufuphi Sergey Leonidovich sokuqhumisa liqhuma, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba inxeba ofayo. Emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva koko, Juni 26, 1918, emkhosini ufile.

Pet Vrangel

Pet Nikolaevich Vrangel (1878-1928), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Black Baron, wayevela kwintsapho entle, kwaye iingcambu enxulumene kwiBaltic amaJamani. Ngaphambi kokuba abe lijoni, wafumana imfundo zobunjineli. Bayakulangazelela emkhosini, Noko ke, ayimeyisi, yaye uPetros waya kufunda trooper.

iphulo bt Wrangel waye imfazwe kunye Japan. Ngexesha World Okokuqala, wakhonza kwi Horse Guards. EziBalulekileyo zobuqhawe eziliqela, umzekelo kuloo ibhetri waseJamani lo kuthinjwa. Xa ngasezantsi-ntshona ngaphambili, igosa wathabatha inxaxheba odumileyo Brusilov nhlanganiso.

Ngexesha February Revolution Petro wabongoza ukuthumela amajoni ku Petrograd. Ngeli urhulumente yethutyana ukususa naye ukusuka kwinkonzo. Black Baron wafudukela dacha kwi eCrimea, apho wabanjwa yi kwiBolsheviks. Olinene ikwazile ukusinda imibulelo kuphela isicelo sobabalo ngumfazi wakhe.

Ke intshisakalo kunye njengomxhasi ukumkani; ngokuba umbono Wrangel White yaba kwindawo kuso kwi War Civil. Wazihlanganisa Denikin. mkhosi wakhonza kwi abaseAfrika Army, wakhokela kuthinjwe Tsaritsyn. Emva kokoyiswa i-White Army ngexesha hambo kwi eMoscow Wrangel waqalisa agxeke umphathi wakhe Denikin. Impixano yakhokelela utyeshelo lwethutyana Jikelele e Istanbul.

Kungekudala Petro wabuyela eRashiya. Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1920, yena wonyulwa intloko yomkhosi Russian. isiseko yakhe eCrimea isitshixo. Usingasiqithi yaba yindawo yokugqibela imfazwe yamakhaya emhlophe. Wrangel umkhosi kwawona ukuhlaselwa ezininzi kwiBolsheviks, kodwa ukuphela akuphumelelanga.

Elubhacweni, i-Black Baron wahlala eBelgrade. Waseka yaqonda i EMRO - Russian Military Union, ngoko ukutshintshela kwelinye weenkosana enkulu UNikolai Nikolaevich. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, ukusebenza njengononjineli, uPyotr Wrangel wafudukela Brussels. Apho ke wafa sephepha ngo-1928.

Andrew Shkuro

Andrey Grigorevich Shkuro (1887-1947) waye Kuban Cossacks bazalelwe kuloo ndawo. Xa umntu oselula waya sokuphena igolide hambo eSiberia. Xa imfazwe ne Kaiser kaThixo Germany Shkuro udale umkhosi yabanqolobi ngenxa isibindi ngokuthi "Wolf omnye ikhulu."

Ngo-Oktobha 1917, i-Cossack wonyulwa ngo kwipalamente zengingqi Kuban. Ukuba monarchist hi ku tiyiseka, mdla ngayo iindaba ngokuza ukuya emandleni iiBolsheviks. Shkuro baqalisa ukuba nzima kunye commissars ebomvu, xa abaninzi neenkokeli intshukumo leNgcaciso lalingekafiki ixesha ukubhengeza kakhulu ngokwabo. NgoJulayi 1918, uAndrew G. kunye iqela umhlambi wakhe kwiBolsheviks evela aseStavropol.

Xa ekwindla ka Cossack yayimi kwintloko webutho lokuqala amaGosa ka Kislovodsk, ngoko - i abaseAfrika-Calvary Division. Shkuro Chief Anton Ivanovich Denikin. E Ukraine, emkhosini waqhekeza ngamava Nestora Mahno. Wathabatha inxaxheba ngematshi kwi eMoscow. Shkuro wayemlwela eKharkov kunye Voronezh. Kulo mzi, phulo lakhe antywiliselwa.

Lemka impi Budyonny, wenza uLieutenant-General ku Novorossiysk. Ukusuka apho ngomkhombe, baya kwa eCrimea. Xa umkhosi Wrangel Shkuro andiyi wabanjwa ngomhla ngenxa abangquzulana Black Baron. Ngenxa yoko, umthetheli umhlophe elubhacweni kwanangaphambi uloyiso epheleleyo ye-Red Army.

Shkuro wahlala eParis eYugoslavia. Xa waqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, yena, njengo Krasnov, inkxaso amaNazi kumzabalazo zabo nxamnye iiBolsheviks. Shkuro waba SS Gruppenführer kwaye kwesi sikhundla walwa kunye kuzinze waseYugoslavia. Emva kokoyiswa Wesithathu, wazama ukuba singene kummandla ahlala yi-British. E Linz, Austria British Shkuro ekhutshwe kunye amagosa amaninzi ngakumbi. Umthetheli ezimhlophe bazama kunye Petrom Krasnovym waza wagwetyelwa ukufa.