Analyzer ukuqgiba: isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi. Age awohluke le analyzer ukuqgiba

Ngoncedo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo analyzers umntu owayesazi ehlabathini. Kungenxa ukubona, ukuva, ivumba kunye nezinye izivamvo siyaqonda ukuba indalo, sibona ingozi. Umntu ngamnye analyzers ezahlukeneyo zingaphuhliswa akufani. Siza kuzama ukufumana phandle kweli nqaku, oko kukuthi inkqubo ukuqgiba. Isakhiwo umsebenzi, ixabiso impilo omnye izitho ziza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Ukumiselwa kwe-organ ukuqgiba

Uninzi ulwazi malunga umntu ihlabathi lilibona ngoncedo licandelo umbono, kodwa ngaphandle Isivamvo sokujoja umfanekiso wayengekho ayakhanya, ecacileyo.

Inkqubo ukuqgiba yenzelwe ekufumanekeni kwezinto ezinyibilikayo kunye ilifa hexa. Le nkqubo yenza umfanekiso ayinyani ngohlobo ziziqhumiso ezithile. Meaning analyzer ukuqgiba kwakhona usendleleni yokuba ikwazi wovavanyo kwinjongo umgangatho womoya, ukutya kunye nendawo jikelele.

Xa sithelekisa iziko ivumba ebantwini kunye nezilwanyana, kunokuthiwa ukuba umzimba linentsingiselo ekhethekileyo izilwanyana. Kodwa ke ayikwazi ukuba ziphuhliswe kuzo zonke enye. Umzekelo, kukho iintlobo ubomi ukuba babe inkqubo yabo ukuqgiba yenziwe kakuhle ngokwaneleyo. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iintlobo amabhabhathane unako ukufumana iqabane lakho nge ivumba kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-8. Wonke umntu uqhelene inja, apho ungaya kwi umzila lomntu, ekhokelwa yi ivumba izinto zakhe.

Body ivumba

Ukuba sicinga umsebenzi analyzer ukuqgiba, kunokwenzeka ukuba yeyona ibalulekileyo yaye ezibalulekileyo:

1. Uhlalutyo yokutya ezityiwayo nomtsalane. Ngale nkqubo kunokwenzeka ukumisela iqondo nokufaneleka imveliso.
2. Formation of ukudla.
3. inkqubo ukuqgiba ebandakanyekileyo ngqo kwi setting up yenkqubo zokwetyisa processing ukutya.
4. Ingcaciso kwezinto eziyingozi emzimbeni womntu.
5. Formation of ukuziphatha ngesondo zingatshintshwa phantsi kwempembelelo pheromone.
6. Ngenxa inxaxheba analyzer kwenzeka yokuqhelaniswa yabantu kokusingqongileyo.
7. Ulwazi yehlabathi yangaphandle ukwenza ngaphandle organ ukuqgiba.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba abantu abo, ndayihluthwa emehlweni, ivumba ukuze mandundu, yaye ingqiqo engcono kakhulu ivumba ukubanceda ukukhangela ehlabathini.

Ubume analyzer ukuqgiba

Xa siqwalasela isakhiwo lesi sitho oluvo, singakwazi uqaphele iminyango elandelayo:

1. Zomzimba. Uqulathe eyona iiseli receptor kwi isifo ngeempumlo. Bagcina isiliya engqongwe yencindi yomlomo. It iyachithakala zingangeni odorous. intsebenziswano Chemical kwenzeka, nto leyo kuguqulwa ube amaza luvo.
2. isebe umbhexeshi iqulathe i-luvo ukuqgiba. On kulo imiyalezo evela zemizwa yangaphambili, iphi na ibhalbhu ukuqgiba. Kuyo kukho uhlalutyo ephambili lwazi, ngoko ke pulses ndoya kwisebe elandelayo analyzer.
3. Central Division ise esithinzini zexeshana kunye ngokungqalileyo lo neuron. Kulapha owenza isssledovanie ulwazi eyenziwa ukuqondwa ivumba yokugqibela unokuvelisa impendulo lokugqibela umzimba ukuya neziphumo zaso.

Simazi isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza ezi amasebe iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

Inxalenye engabalulekanga analyzer

Ukuqwalasela isakhiwo analyzer ukuqgiba, kuyimfuneko ukuqala ukusuka ikhadi sokuqala. Le ise em- ngeempumlo. Kwezi ndawo, i inwebu yangaphakathi into eqinileyo kancinane, umphezulu igutyungelwe netuwa yangaphakathi, ezidlala indima yokhuselo, ukukhusela kukoma, kwaye kananjalo inxaxheba ukushenxiswa nokushukunyiswa eseleyo emva kokudibana kwabo.

Oku apha kwenziwa uqhagamshelwano phakathi odorants kunye neeseli receptor. Le epithelium iintlobo ezimbini iiseli:

• Reference. Bona inxaxheba kwiinkqubo metabolic.
• Ukuqgiba. Oku ezenza ngokwawo, apho kukho inani elikhulu isiliya ukwandisa indawo contact.

iiseli ukuqgiba abe inkqubo ezimbini, enye yazo kudlulela ibhalbhu ukuqgiba, yaye intonga kwesibini imilo luze luphele sitho isiliya.

isebe umqhubi

Eli candelo yenzelwe ithwele ulwazi zimelwe kunjalo iindlela luvo eyenza luvo ukuqgiba. It iqulathe iinyanda ngamnye ukuya kwi thalamus.

Ndiyibonile uxhulumaniso ingqondo, ezichaza ubukho iimvakalelo kwinkqubo kwimbono ziziqhumiso. Ngokomzekelo, amanye amavumba kunokubangela ubumnandi, omnye - nokuthatha njalo njalo.

Isebe ngundoqo analyzer

Eli candelo libandakanya ibhalbhu ukuqgiba. Oku kwakhona isebe esithinzini nezenyama ebuchotsheni.

Bonke elime kule ngingqi phambi esithinzini kwe-esonka le ngumonzakalo kummandla ka-Hippocampus.

Mechanism iphunga

Ukuze ngempumelelo bezibona etyabulayo iimolekyuli zabo kufuneka kuqala zonke inganyityilikiswa yencindi ojikeleze iiseli receptor. Ngoko kukho intsebenziswano kunye iiproteni ezithile okulungiswe iseli ndizayo.

contact olunjalo kunokwenzeka, ukuba imilo isivuseleli ekwafanekisa le imilo kwemolekyuli protini. into Singabhalwa ilawula ukufumaneka receptors ebusweni for iimolekyuli kwezinto odorous.

Emva isivuseleli molecule adibane kwiproteni receptor, kukho utshintsho kubume yokugqibela, apho imijelo sodium ion evulekileyo ndizayo. ion Sodium ingangena kwaye ukudala izityholo ezintle ezikhokelela ndizayo depolarization.

Ukususela iseli neurotransmitter receptor bakhululwa, ekhokelela imbonakalo ngokwentshukumisa luvo namalungu imicu luvo. Ngenxa yoko, njengokuba ukuqgiba nemithambo ngokwentshukumisa excitation uqalisa nokunikezelwa kwezinye iindawo analyzer.

Umsebenzi yenkqubo ukuqgiba

Ukuba unokuyithelekelela indlela analyzer ukuqgiba yabantu, wonke umsebenzi angohlulwa ngezigaba ezininzi:

1. Ukukhuthazwa stimulus odorous ukuba iiseli receptor, esiphela ezimbaxa kunye neeproteni receptor.
2. exposure Conversion chemical odorant ube amaza luvo. Kuqala le sigaba kunye Ukuvuma isivuseleli receptor luze luphele nge imveliso neemvakalelo-luvo.
3. Ukushukumisa kwenzwa angxamele ukuya kumaziko luvo asezantsi. Kokuba ziqala njenge intshukumo kwicala ebhalbhu ukuqgiba.
4. nenguqu sazi kwi ibhalbhu ukuqgiba.
5. Ukukhuthazwa neemvakalelo-luvo zibe ngamaziko ephakamileyo ukuqgiba.
6. Ukwakhiwa aphazamiseke ngohlobo livumba ethile.

Zonke ezi zigaba ngokulandelelana Balandela ndawonye. Ukuba ufumana iingxaki okanye ukuphazamiseka omnye kubo, singatsho ukuba imbono amavumba yaphulwe.

analyzer enamazinga ukuqgiba

Ingakumbi analyzer ukuqgiba yoluntu kuxoxwa, kodwa Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba inkqubo woluvo uyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha sesichengeni elide ukuya isivuseleli.

analyzer sahlanganiswa lunokwenzeka imizuzwana embalwa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha imizuzu emihlanu. Konke kuxhomekeke eziliqela:

• Ubude zoqhagamshelwano kunye kwezinto odorous.
• Uyondelelwano lwee- isivuseleli.
• komoya.

Kukho kwanele iqela elikhulu odorant kwisistim ukuqgiba leyo akufundisayo ngokukhawuleza. Kuthatha ixesha elincinane kakhulu, kwaye akukho elide waziva ivumba. Umzekelo okuphawuleka kukhubazeko epheleleyo ivumba yomzimba wakhe, izinto igumbi.

Ezinye etyabulayo idle abunjwe kancinci okanye inxalenye kuphela. Xa baboniswa kwizivuseleli buthathaka ukuqgiba ixesha elifutshane ukukhotyokiswa kwenzeka ngohlobo yokwandisa uvakalelo le analyzer.

Sele ke yasekwa ukuba kukhubazeko nokulungiswa uphuhliso akuthethi kuqhubeka kwicandelo lokuqala analyzer, yaye le yokugqibela, oko kukuthi, lo uthinte. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa welula ukungakhuseleki kwi odorant enye, kwi neuron kwakhiwa yayiliziko yokuziva yimincili. Kwezi meko, ingqondo ivumba kunokwenzeka kwaye xa bazi ezinye ezintweni. Ngamanye amaxesha imvakalelo unokuba okruqulayo kwaye livela nkqu yokungabikho nokushukunyiswa. Kule meko sithethe nemibono okanye iimfeketho zokufeketha.

Singathi nje kakuhle ukuba xa kukho ukuziqhelanisa kwenye ivumba ethile, loo nto ayithethi kuchaphazela kwimbono lwezinye ziyakhuthazeka, ekubeni bonke ezintweni benza receptors ezahlukeneyo.

Ithiyori ivumba umbono

Okwangoku kukho ngaphezulu kwe-10 amawaka odorants. Bonke bephela iziinxalenye iiklasi ezisixhenxe ziziqhumiso eziziiprayimari:

• Imbali.
• Mint.
• Musky.
• Ethereal.
• Elinukayo.
• Camphor.
• Entsimbini.

Ukuba kukho umxube amakha eziliqela, analyzer yayo ukuqgiba kunokubonwa njenge incasa entsha ngokupheleleyo. Iimolekyuli kwezinto eyahlukeneyo zizakubalulwa imilo ezahlukeneyo, umz, camphor ivumba uye molecule setyhula, kunye must - a disc. Ukongeza, waze kunye kagesi: umntu abe ezintle, kunye nezinye - negative.

Kukho iingcamango ezininzi zama ukuchaza indlela kwimbono ziziqhumiso. Okwangoku, i-common kakhulu ukuba stereochemical, ocacisa ukuba iiseli inwebu receptor amaziko yeentlobo eziliqela. Ahluke kubume kunye electrophilicity. Ukuba akwazi ukuqaphela molekyuli odorous yemilo ethile kunye nobukhulu.

Imihlobo izifo ukuqgiba

Ukongeza, le analyzer ukuqgiba aphuhliswe kuzo zonke akufani, koko, inokubonakalisa ezinye izitenxo kunye ezinxaxhileyo emsebenzini wakhe;

• Anosmia ayinabo epheleleyo ukukwazi ukuqonda amavumba.
• Hyposphresia - unciphiso seyiphi.
• Hyperospheresia, phezu koko, kukho e ubuntununtunu ephakeme ukuqgiba.
• Parosmiya luphawu sizibona ngokwaneleyo ziziqhumiso.
• Ukophulwa-hlukeneyo.
• Imbonakalo nemibono ukuqgiba.
• Agnosia ukuqgiba ibekwa kwimeko, ukuba umntu ivumba, kodwa awukwazi ukuyibona.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubudala kukho ukuhla kancinane ubuntununtunu ukuqgiba. analyzer ukuqgiba ayikho nako ukuqonda ngokucacileyo yaye ngokukhawuleza amavumba. Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba kwiminyaka 50 ngengqiqo ngesijoja srednestaticheskogo umntu yehliswe ngesiqingatha kuthelekiswa kulutsha.

Ukuqgiba analyzer kunye nobudala neempawu

I yokuqala ngexesha foetal uphuhliso analyzer ukuqgiba uqalisa ukwakha kwicandelo peripheral. Oku kuye obuzenza kwiveki 8 yophuhliso. Ekupheleni ukukhulelwa, ukuba ngqo, ekupheleni kweenyanga 8, eli analyzer sele ukusekwa ngokupheleleyo.

Sele ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa uyakwazi ukubona ukuba impendulo usana ukuba amavumba. Oku kubonakala ngohlobo intshukumo yobuso, utshintsho imisipha intliziyo, umyinge yokuphefumla, amalungu omzimba.

Kungenxa ngokusebenzisa ingqiqo ivumba toddler ufunda ivumba unina wakhe. Eli lungu oluvo wenkqubo yinxenye ebalulekileyo ukuyilwa ingqondo ukutya. Ngokuthe ngcembe, njengoko umntwana ekhula, kukho ukwanda ubuchule analyzer ukuba ezohlula amavumba. Le fineness namandla yale nkqubo kwandisa inyanga 4.

Ukuba uthelekisa ukukwazi wokubona umahluko ivumba e kubantwana abaneminyaka 5-6 ubudala yaye abadala, kunokuthiwa ukuba yokugqibela iphezulu kakhulu.

Ezi iimpawu ubudala analyzer ukuqgiba. Kwakhona sithi ngenxa yoqeqesho yenkqubo unako ukuphucula ngokubonakalayo Imvo ivumba, kodwa abatshayayo esichengeni yokulahleka kabukhali okuqonda, njengokuba amacandelo usemthethweni umsi wecuba ibe nefuthe elibi receptor. Kwakhona izifo rhoqo yokukrala nakumarhanana uncedo ukunciphisa ivumba.

Apha ehlola inkqubo ukuqgiba. Isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi echazwe ukufikeleleka kakhulu. Singatsho kakuhle ukuba zonke izivamvo ezibalulekileyo abantu. Ukuba kukho iingxaki analyzer ubuncinane enye, ngoko singatsho ukuba nokwanela yoluvo behlabathi lifinyele, ezilahlekileyo iminqweno nenzaliseko ubomi. Thatha care of wena ingqondo yakho.