Amaziko enkcubeko eRussia. amaziko enkcubeko

amaziko enkcubeko Modern kuthwala zifana kangako isicwangciso kusungulwa eklabhu ukususela yiSoviet Union, xa nje ngaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abantu bathatha inxaxheba ukwenza engahlawulwayo. Ngaphandle amakhaya amabhotwe nenkcubeko ezazikhona ngeendleko zikarhulumente, ukutyelela zonke Studios neentonga, naluphi na uhlobo andilociko ndikhululekile, ngokungafaniyo eyenzekayo namhlanje. Akukho imisebenzi yezemfundo okanye nezolonwabo arhente Russian Club isicwangciso badla ikufanele.

lwesigama

Yintoni ekuqondeni yomntu mihla iziko yenkcubeko? Amaninzi eli gama lisetyenziswa xa ufuna ityumbe umbutho okanye izakhiwo ezithile bakwezolimo, nande, sihambe ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo amaxabiso ibubomi uluntu ezingqongileyo, ubukhulu becala evela entsimini zobugcisa nenkcubeko. Oku kunokuba umbutho kawonke zobugcisa okanye amanyathelo abucala, kodwa eyona nto maziko enkcubeko ziqhutywa ngurhulumente.

Ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi

Eli gama lisetyenziswa xa befundisa, xa kuyimfuneko ukuchonga leyo udidi engumniniyo into. Oku kubonisa nokuba izakhiwo ezininzi enkulu, nto leyo sigubungele iinkalo ezininzi inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa, oko ukubiza iziko nezinto kwanezifundo imxinwa eli gama akunakwenzeka. Xa umsebenzi amaziko enkcubeko emveli yenye - asiyiyo iziko. Umz ilayibrari, imyuziyam, yeqonga, iholo kwikonsathi njalo njalo.

Kwimeko yesibini sithetha malunga nokusekwa isicwangciso yenkcubeko, nto leyo iba zonqulo, kuzwelonke, orientation lwentlalo. Umzekelo, i-Russian Iziko leeNkcubeko kwi State of Monaco, nto leyo esekelwe akunjalo kungekudala kwixesha elidlulileyo, ngokusebenzisa ithala leencwadi, kwabantwana esikolweni, izifundo zolwimi club Russian kuxhasa kuphela bume lomthonyama yenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu abathetha isiRashiya zeendawo ezikufuphi, kodwa kwazisa yabantu bemveli Monaco kunye ezahlukeneyo zokwenene Russian.

A iintlobo

Proluchaetsya ukuba imida isetyenziswa apho eli gama, imfiliba. Kwelinye icala, oko likufutshane uhlobo yemveli yeziko ukuba amele yaBantu Club, i Palace okanye House of Culture. Kwelinye icala, kukho iindidi enjalo nemibutho yoluntu, zombini imibutho yesizwe okanye iziko art.

Kusenokuba zobuciko, amathala eencwadi, iiholo kwikonsathi, ngaphandle kokuba kukho ikhutshwa phandle yaye wonke umsebenzi wokufundisa nemfundo, oko kukuthi, ukuba ezi imibutho ngeengcali, apho inkcubeko kunye nomsebenzi nesayensi kunye.

yeempawu ezibonakalayo

Ukanti enye inkalo ebalulekileyo amaziko enkcubeko abanokubakho nakanjani, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo wayo - imisebenzi isiseko non-ngeniso. Njengoko kwakunye nokukhuthaza inkcubeko umlinganiswa amazwe ehlangeneyo. Ukuba sithethe ngalo mzi, umzekelo, ukuba St. Petersburg - into ebalulekileyo mveliso, ezothutho kunye neziko nenkcubeko, oko alibhekiseli kwiziko elinye.

Kananjalo akunakuthethwa malunga inkalo olwahlula kwindawo ethile, oko kukuthi i-eli gama linye, kodwa i "kucwangciso isixeko" ukusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, kukho indawo apho ingqalelo zonke zemiboniso, iiholo kwikonsathi, amathala eencwadi, amabala nkqu zoo. Mhlawumbi Kwenzeka ngokwembali, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba le nto yokuba i "zooyise isixeko".

Kuyavunywa ukuba, izixeko ezininzi zakhiwa kule mgaqo: iziseko - eziguqulweyo, izikolo, izibhedlele, iigadi zoluntu kunye neepaki kwizithili ezikude langoku nenkcubeko indawo wesakhiwo zizaku imida yabo. Yiyo le ndawo apho bakwezolimo, oko kubizwa ngokuba iziko yenkcubeko. Kwaye iya kuba nezi ntsingiselo zilandelayo.

umphakathi Council

Ngo-2008, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeNkcubeko liqulunqe ezahlukeneyo kokucwangcisa amaziko enkcubeko, ukuze lifane ngokupheleleyo kubo kunye neendleko bahlale. wenza kakuhle kwaye ithayimthebhile ezabelwe amaziko afana kwiidolophu ezincinane kweli lizwe. E Moscow, iBhunga kaRhulumente yadalwa isixa amashumi amahlanu abantu, phakathi apho kwakukho iintatheli, abayili, abasebenzi imyuziyam, ababhali kunye namagcisa. Wathetha amava ngokubanzi leSoviet, xa amaziko enkcubeko bakhona nkqu ezilalini lincinane yaye esebenza kakhulu.

Nganye iintlobo iiklabhu zabantwana kunye Studios, iikwayala, zemiboniso nabantu, kwiiklabhu, hlale kwenziwe zonke iintlobo iziganeko zoluntu, ubugcisa engahlawulwayo imithendeleko. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa amaziko enkcubeko la mava kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ngowe-2015, malunga amahlanu amaziko anjalo zivulekile kakade.

Club okanye House of Culture

Kwi-USSR, iNdlu nganye okanye Palace of Culture ngokuyimfuneko yaba liziko umsebenzi wokufundisa kunye nezenkcubeko. Ulwahlulo kula maziko ube ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: iiklabhu sobummandla kunye nezindlu inkcubeko phantsi kwephiko le-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeNkcubeko; YeSebe - phantsi kolawulo zemanyano zabasebenzi lweshishini, amaziko emfundo, iziseko, njalo-njalo; neeklabhu nezazi: sikaTitshala House, iNdlu umbhali, wezakhiwo, wayengumzobi indlu, kunye nabanye; House of Culture sefama okanye kwifama eyodwa, Amagosa House; House of Folk Art; Palace of Oovulindlela.

amaziko Club kwamanye amazwe

Amazwe awayesakuba yiSoviet Union kunye Warsaw Pact, kwakunye Russian Federation, ngoku ukusuka amagama eSoviet-xesha. Culture House ngoku ebizwa ngokumangalisayo: i Ibhotwe of ngeenkongolo, holo yekonsathi okanye iziko yenkcubeko. Noko ke, kwiindawo ezininzi amagama ezidala kumandla yesithethe. Ukongeza kumazwe yali, amaziko ezifanayo (hayi ngamagama, kodwa iyafika) akhoyo kumazwe amaninzi zongxowankulu ixesha elide yaye ukusebenza ngempumelelo.

A lot of amaziko enkcubeko Latin America (zibizwa - Centro namasiko), eSpeyin. Kakhulu kuphuhliswa lobuciko kunye nemisebenzi zentlalo eJamani, umzekelo, xa nenkcubeko yabantu behlabathi eBerlin, kukho iikonsathi, imidlalo, iminyhadala, imiboniso, yaye zonke ezi ziganeko mass zilungiselelwa kunye nenkxaso karhulumente, kodwa ngokuzithandela. EFransi Canada, isicwangciso club yokusekwa wabiza izindlu nenkcubeko (Maison de la Culture), nomsebenzi wawo ifana kakhulu ukuba amaqela zelizwe lethu leSoviet. E Montreal, omnye kuphela izindlu ezilishumi elinambini inkcubeko.

Arch

Kwi wonke ummandla Russia bekusoloko kukho amaziko enkcubeko, kwaye ngoku ukudala amatsha: iipaka imixholo landscape zendalo, ngokunjalo nembali kunye zakudala. Kukho iindawo ezininzi apho sifunda la maxesha ezikude, nto leyo nokuba lwemveli akakhumbuli nto.

zithandwa kakhulu ezi amaziko apho inkcubeko kunye nenzululwazi kukho ulwalamano, umzekelo, isicwangciso mzi Arkaim (kummandla eChelyabinsk), apho neenduli ezimbini ebonakala elimfiliba ukuba abembi abanomdla zisaqala. Le kwafunyanwa kwaba ivuso.

Okokuqala zabantu abameli kumaqela ahlukeneyo esoteric, uze bafunde ndawo beza phantsi iphiko kurhulumente, yaye kwasekwa myezo. Hi ndlela leyi, asinguye kuphela: "Ilizwe izixeko" Urals Southern uye ezingamashumi amabini anesine ezinjalo iindawo apho iziko yenkcubeko - umzi.

hambisa umdla

Eli qonga yokulinga, eyaqala ukuhlala Reserve, ngokuthe ngcembe ityhila eziliqela zezindlu yamandulo BC ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe. Kuvuselela a lokuqala lifikelela kubo, wenze njalo ngaphandle izixhobo zale mihla, besebenzisa ezo kuphela nangalo siyabaqalekisa abantu abenziwe kanye njengoko iisampulu ubudala lobhedu ezifumaneka ngexesha yokwemba.

Ngoko ke wazalwa iziko zenkcubeko nezembali kuthiwa Museum izityalo yamandulo. Iindwendwe abakwazi ukubukela kuphela isakhiwo iiphiramidi ubudala, kodwa inxaxheba amalinge, kunye nokwakhiwa kunye nokuhlaziywa zokuhlala. Kuphela apha cherytohsot ngakumbi umdla iziza zakudala, ungenza joyina inkcubeko zaphawula ezahlukeneyo.

Tatar yokuhlala

amaziko enkcubeko abe ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa ithala leencwadi; kunye iimyuziyam, kunye zemiboniso, izindlu inkcubeko kunye amabhotwe. Kwaye kukho imbaxa, isicwangciso syncretic, ezifana NOKTS ekwimimandla emelene aseStavropol. Yayisebenza isiseko lesikhumbuzo zembali "Tatar zokuhlala", imyuziyam kunye eyunivesithi yendawo. Amaziko Cultural baye bafana ukuya lwezenzululwazi emsebenzini, ukhuseleko kunye Museum (mboniso) kudityaniswe zokuzonwabisa kwezenkcubeko kunye nemisebenzi yemfundo kummandla zakudala park paleolandscape.

Kunzima kakhulu, kunokuthiwa - ilitye lesikhumbuzo multilayer usebenza ngamaxesha labane: i Khazar, a Sarmatian, namSkitiya kunye Koban. amaziko enkcubeko Russian phantse zange abe iinqaba kakuhle walondoloza, iindawo zonqulo, kunye nenkqubo lweendlela, amangcwaba kunye namaziko ezininzi ngakumbi, nto leyo kwasuka iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi ookhokho bethu - ukususela kwinkulungwane yesibhozo BC. Oku kwaye emanxuweni iindonga zamandulo, wayifulela yohambo eminyaka ubudala iingqayi neebhekile, uthuthu imililo eziko, athe axhamla kuzo amakhulu ngamakhulu eminyaka eyadlulayo.

amathuba

Ulondolozo kunye nokusetyenziswa lemveli zakudala, njengoko umthetho, ucanda indalo ngenxa yeemyuziyam open-air of izakhiwo ezinjalo oludibanisa imisebenzi zolonwabo zenzululwazi, zemfundo ezininzi, ngoko vula ngoku kwaye alungele ukuvulwa kwamaziko ezininzi nezenkcubeko kwiindawo nembali kunye nenkcubeko.

Kwiidolophu ezincinane isiseko ukusebenza kwawo ingaba naluphi na uluntu lwazi lwengingqi, ngenkxaso lolawulo lweengingqi. Nkqu House of Culture inokuba isiqalo ngokuyila iziko isifundo zelifa zembali ngingqi. Indlela ngokuhamba, ngoko ufuna zonke ndlela sikwazi ukunceda abathanda, wabaqalayo ngale ndlela. Phantse wonke amashishini ngempumelelo uqale amancinci, ungenza khumbula lolondolozo lwembali art Vadim Zadorozhnogo, ibekwe amadlelo. amaziko enkcubeko kufuneka kunandipha inkxaso ngokupheleleyo ngurhulumente.

Iingxaki yophuhliso lweedolophu ezincinci

URhulumente inomdla zokudalwa izakhiwo ezintsha kwesicwangciso zemfundo kunye nokuzonwabisa ngendlela kwamaziko kwimbali nenkcubeko kwizixeko ezincinane eRashiya. Izinto urhulumente emva ngo-2013, wenza amagama ebonisa ekujoliswe umsebenzi onjalo.

amaziko enkcubeko Russian afumaneka edyokhweni kakhulu. Uninzi izihloko zomdiliya kwizixeko ezikhulu. Ngoko ke kukho ukungalingani kubungakanani, umgangatho kunye ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko efunyenwe ngabemi beli lizwe. Yenkcubeko amaziko eMoscow St Petersburg ayinakuze ithelekiswe kwezi parameters ziinkonzo ezinikezelwa kubahlali zokuhlala ezincinci ezikude. Nokudala amathuba amatsha amathuba, ukuzalisekiswa, uphuhliso emzimbeni, ukuzityebisa kuyimfuneko zonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha.

ezininzi beentlanga ezahlukeneyo abahlala kummandla Russia, kunye namaziko enkcubeko nga negalelo exchange ngokupheleleyo yenkcubeko phakathi bezizwe ezikufuphi. Umgangatho wobomi kumsebenzi ezilungileyo lokudibanisa amaziko emininzi iza kuba negalelo ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi babantu, kungakhathaliseki ndawo ahlala kuyo. Kwakhona, le ndlela iya kunceda ukuphuhlisa kweziseko elalini okanye idolophu nokudala imisebenzi emitsha. ephuma abantu kwiidolophu ezincinane ziya esibuhlungu.