Ezikhumbuzo Historical eRussia. Inkcazelo ezikhumbuzo yezembali eMoscow

ezikhumbuzo Historical of Russia, ngokutsho-2014, kukho uluhlu olubanzi iiyunithi 1007, ezahlukeneyo intsingiselo yayo. into nganye zelifa lenkcubeko Russian Federation unezinga elithile ixabiso yokuluka. Ngamnye zesikhumbuzo Russian zembali zifakiwe kwi-UNESCO World List Heritage. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho 26 izibonelelo ezinjalo, i-10 zinxulumene kwindawo yenkcubeko, 6 zithathwa obukhulu kuzo ngokubaluleka yehlabathi, kwaye elinye 10 ngezenzeko zendalo eRashiya ngemiqondiso ukuba isibheno eyodwa yobuhle.

Ithemba ingqalelo

Ezingamashumi amabini anesine lesikhumbuzo Russian abakwiindawo kwibakala yamangenelo e-UNESCO abhalise njengenxalenye 1988 Convention of Cultural World kunye Heritage Natural. zesikhumbuzo Historical, leyo akhuselwe ngurhulumente - kodwa ikakhulu izinto kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo, kufuneka ubume sifo.

Accounting ne systematization

Ukuze uhambise into yenkcubeko, kufuneka wenze inkcazo lesikhumbuzo yezembali kunye maxesha lweziganeko ezinxulumene kokuhluma yayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli xesha epochal ekhefu. Indima ebalulekileyo lesikhumbuzo ebomini zoluntu lizwe, badla ke ukubaluleka imfundiso yobuzwe. Inkcazelo ilitye lesikhumbuzo wembali kulo mzekelo uba inyanzelekile, kufuneka zibandakanywe kwinkqubo kumaziko emfundo aphakamileyo kunye nangaphezulu.

Ukuthandwa wemisebenzi Russian

Kukho izinto ezininzi zenkcubeko Russian textbook abaziqhelileyo wonke umhlali. Oku zesikhumbuzo zembali, odumileyo kuphela eRashiya kodwa phesheya. nokubaluleka kwazo ayikwazi babebiza imali. Okokuqala, nguye zembali amangcwaba Moscow, kuquka St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo, Red Square, incwadi yesicelo, lesikhumbuzo ukuze Minin kunye Pozharsky. Bonke babo buzinze embindini kwikomkhulu Russian. Ezinye ezikhumbuzo kwimbali baseMoscow kwi kumgama othile, kodwa oku kungasuki isidima sabo. Zonke izinto zenkcubeko olukhuselwe ngurhulumente.

Iinkcubeko World

ezikhumbuzo ngembali yehlabathi zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Eli Eiffel Tower eParis, i Reichstag e Berlin, i Taj Mahal e-India, iiphiramidi koFaro eYiputa kunye nabanye abaninzi. zesikhumbuzo Historical soze utshatyalaliswe, ngaphandle kokuhlaselwa okungenaluzsini kwabagrogrisi lukhuni kakhulu.

A uluntu oluphucukileyo ibhekisa ilifa elidlulileyo ngentlonipho kunye ezikhumbuzo zembali ayakhuselwa yaye zigcinwe ngendlela efanelekileyo. Kukho iimali ezahlukeneyo karhulumente kunye nawabucala ukuba ukugcinwa izinto zenkcubeko.

Avuleke emoyeni evulekileyo

Amangcwaba umlando kudla ngaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu omnye. Le nxalenye asesichengeni umaleko yenkcubeko - yinto wobugcisa lwezakhiwo, abo babandezeleka ukusuka iimeko zemozulu ezimbi. Ngoko une ezikhumbuzo zenkcubeko nezembali zakhiwo ezikhuselweyo ekutshatyalalisweni. Abanye babo negalelo ukuthanda endalo, ezifana eColosseum edumileyo. Le tshe isaziwa njenge ilifa ihlabathi kubangelwa ubukhulu becala iintlobo yayo esidala.

yobuciko yezakhiwo

Uninzi ezikhumbuzo kwimbali nenkcubeko zikwimeko elungileyo, ekubeni esebenzayo yomboniso imiboniso ehlabathini bezenkcubeko elilifa lethu. Ezi zinto ziquka Cathedral St. Basil kaThixo e Moscow, Cathedral St. kaIsake e St. Petersburg, Sergiev Posad ibandla.

Ngokubanzi, zonke ezikhumbuzo zenkcubeko nezembali of Russia baphantsi ukhuselo karhulumente, kwaye phantsi kweliso izakhiwo ezifanelekileyo. imizimba karhulumente ngabalondolozi konke ukugcina obukhulu ezakha-mali segolide kweli lizwe.

Types of ezikhumbuzo zembali

Amaxabiso Cultural zahlulwe ngokweendidi, kuquka rarities kunye obukhulu ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ezikhumbuzo ukuze babe ukubaluleka wembali, ziyila iqela eyahlukileyo, kodwa zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Bangakwazi lungohlulwa lube zezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

• zesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo (ezifana Kazan Cathedral eSt Petersburg).
• Monument Uzuko (looMawokhulu in Volgograd).
• Ezikhumbuzo abalinganiswa yezembali (Bronze umgadi - oqingqiweyo zeMidlalo yokuQabela uPetros I eSt Petersburg).
• Statues imifanekiso ubuntu abashiya uphawu yabo kwimbali (Alexander I, Square St. kaIsake eSt Petersburg).
• sites weendawo (Sevastopol Bay, i-enkumbulo iinqanawa ezilahlekileyo).
• ukubunjwa Natural omkhulukazi (izibonda Krasnoyarskii).

ezikhumbuzo yembali komzi;

zemfundo ezizodwa yenkcubeko kummandla Russia, kunye nexabiso ngenkcazo. Esi sixeko nge zembali i elidlulileyo engaqhelekanga. Umzekelo i Eniseisk umzi-eliSisikhumbuzo, yona leyo yemkayo ngokusebenzisa amaxesha eziliqela kuphuhliso yayo. Ukususela ngenkulungwane weshumi elinesithathu, oko yahlulwa kwaye zidibene, saba embindini urhwebo uboya, ngoko oko lawuzamazamisayo kwegolide.

imizi zembali, ezikhumbuzo kunye neendawo ingqalelo amadabi yobuqhawe Kursk, Sevastopol, Volgograd kunye nabanye. "Akukho mntu ulibele, nto olityelweyo" - Isaci yabo, lo lokugqibela ngokusebenzisa eminyaka.

zodumo Russian

• Iziko kwimbali of St. Petersburg ngamatye ezininzi yenkcubeko: i Winter Palace (Hermitage), Ibhotwe Square, Alexander Column.
• Kazan Cathedral eSt Petersburg umakhi A. Voronikhin (iminyaka zokwakha - 1801 - 1811). Sakhiwe ukugcina i icon ye Lady Lwethu Kazan. Ngowe-1812, i-Cathedral eentloko ezaxhobela Russian shiya imfazwe uNapoleon. Le tempile isithsaba uMlawuli Paul I. Kazan Cathedral, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wakhonza engcwabeni of Field Marshal Mihaila Illarionovicha Kutuzova.

• Moscow yesicelo Museum, kunye neecawa.
• Red Square, Cathedral St. Basil kaThixo, ilitye lesikhumbuzo ukuya Minin kunye Pozharsky, lo gum, i Umakhi, iMyuziyam Historical.
• I ebanzi yenkcubeko "Solovetsky Islands" kuLwandle White, leyo wangena ngo-1992 kwi-UNESCO kuluhlu lemveli.
• Le lomculo yokuyilwa ngobugcisa kwayo Kizhi: Kumbi Church of izahluko imashumi mabini anamithathu, umsebenzi wobugcisa lwezakhiwo Russian oqingqiweyo ka ibandla kwenkulungwane ye-18. Bambongozayo Church eneencwadi eyodwa icons bakha kamva nenqaba yentsimbi.
• Isixeko samandulo Novgorod ezingqongileyo, kuquka convents ezine: St. George kaThixo, izilwanyana, Antony kunye ngeZandla. KwiCawa Yokuzalwa enkundleni ebomvu.
• Astrakhan yesicelo - inqaba, eyakhelwe imiyalelo Ivana Groznogo ngo-1558. On nommandla wayo kukho: Cathedral le lusekeleke (i-angqukuva ezintlanu, kunye gallery enhle), Cyril yingcwele Prechistenskie esangweni kunye inqaba intsimbi, consistory indlu ibandla ubhishophu, lo Cathedral kaBathathu Emnye oyiNgcwele, kwisakhiwo wezakhiwo "Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra" kwi Sergiev Posad.
• Iziko kwimbali Yaroslavl kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Izakhiwo eziphambili zakhiwa ngexesha Iinguqu yocwangciso ezisezidolophini uCatherine II ngo 1763. Ngo-2005, esi sixeko wenza UNESCO World Heritage Site.

• kwisixeko samandulo Pskov. Ukususela 1348 yena ingqalelo ikomkhulu kwiriphabliki ezimeleyo Pskov. Ngowe-1510, oko ehlonyelwe Grand Duchy of eMoscow. Yena okwangoku liziko abakhenkethi lundwendwe. Ingakumbi phakathi ezinika zezi zilandelayo: i incwadi, Pogankiny Chamber of Pskov inqaba, i of the Holy Emnye Monastery Mirozhsky.
• Izmailovo - lesikhumbuzo zokwakha, owayesakuba sasebukhosini. Ngowe-1812 isakhiwo engundoqo zonakala ngexesha ayehlasela uNapoleon. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibhozo Izmailovo emkhosini avule almshouse, nto leyo ine ngokukodwa kwakhiwa le izakhiwo ezitsha.
• Vladimir-Suzdal Historical-Artistic Reserve, inxalenye Golden Ring eRashiya. It is a lesikhumbuzo eyodwa zakhiwo kweenkulungwane 12-13, obukhulu ilitye elimhlophe ogama ukubaluleka ayikwazi nemikhuba.
• Tanais - Museum-Reserve of Archaeology. Sise emlonyeni Don. indawo ye reserve - malunga namawaka amathathu eehektare, kuyo kukho ezikhumbuzo zembali yenkcubeko, eqala lolawulo Paleolithic. Ukucaciswa lwembali, phakathi kwezinye izinto, zibonise ukuba ngexesha impucuko yamandulo zamaGrike.

ezikhumbuzo zemvelo eyaziwa

• Lake izimvu - le zendalo ezibalulekileyo yehlabathi - anzongonzongo kakhulu ehlabathini. Oku uyakwazi ezizodwa ukuba alihlambulule ngokwayo.
• Mlilo ena evela ezingama-29 kuzo ezisebenzayo. Abanye kwaduma kwiminyaka engamawaka amane eyadlulayo, kodwa buthuntu abanako kubizwa ngokuba ngexesha lokugqibela, ngokuba ezinzulwini udaka abilayo. Esuka kuloo mngxuma mlilo ubona ngamaxesha umphunga kunye neegesi, nto leyo ithetha ukuba phantsi umsebenzi fumarole.
• Golden zeAltai Iintaba - obanzi ukwakheka ekhethekileyo, eliquka ukuphakama enamatye ubuhle obukhulu, leyo kulala kwindawo elinesithandathu lamawaka ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Natural Monument zifakiwe kwi-UNESCO World List Heritage ngo-1998.
• Mothers Curonian - isiqwenga imxinwa kwentlabathi elide kweekhilomitha 98, odibanisa Lithuanian Klaipeda ukuya kummandla eKaliningrad kwaye esahlula Curonian Lagoon kunye koLwandle iBaltic.
• Putorana Plateau - yomhlaba reserve ekhethekileyo, bagqubuthele iikhilomitha abamalunga nezigidi ezibini isikweri kummandla Central Siberian Plateau. Lubonakala ngokuba intlanganisela engaqhelekanga eziphila zemozulu, ihlathi-kumathafa kukho kufuphi Arctic entlango. Kukho amachibi ezininzi omhle kule ngingqi, imilambo, ematyholweni hlathi. Xa emathafeni bafuduka amashumi amawaka amaxhama zasendle.
• Lena Iintsika - ipaki zendalo kweenxweme nejo. Uthotho emaweni nkqo azalise ngenxa iikhilomitha eziliqela, sisiphumo kuphazamiseka ziitectonic plates malunga 400 engamawaka eyadlulayo. Lena Iintsika ifakiwe UNESCO World uLuhlu Heritage ngo-2012.