Amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi nguMongameli Russian Federation phantsi kwe siseko ngokufutshane

Yiyiphi imisebenzi nguMongameli Russian Federation? Kweli nqaku siza kabanzi kwesi sihloko. Kwindawo yegama na imimiselo amanqaku-siseko, ukuba akukho ingcaciso neminye imiqathango.

ukuba umongameli

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba iye ivele kaMongameli kwilizwe lethu emva kokuwa eSoviet. Enyanisweni, ingelilo ixesha lokuqala isithuba yaqaliswa ngo-1990 kwi-USSR.

Esi sisiphumo umthetho omtsha "Ngomhla nokulawulwa ngokwentando yesininzi 'ka-1988. MS Gorbachev yabamba yentando, ngoko ke igunya liphezulu kweli lizwe waba Congress of yamaSekela yabantu. umongameli eSoviet - yesigqeba oyintloko - anyulwe kule nkongolo kwaye ukubheka ngokusemthethweni kuye. ie eSoviet Union ekupheleni ikhona, siye wadala uhlobo republic wedemokhrasi wepalamente ukuba akuphuhlanga kakuhle embhoxo inkqubo lanamhlanje FRG Chancellor kunye Italy - kunye iNkulumbuso. Kodwa umahluko ephawulekayo ukuba ipalamente yiSoviet ngo-2250 ibe namasekela, elidibana malunga kanye ngonyaka, yaye kwakukho omnye umntu - Communist Party.

Kakade ke, ekupheleni yiSoviet Union wachithwa phawu lokugqibela: liqalise inkqubo lentlaninge kunye emphakathini, kodwa ulawulo lwesininzi Western Union, isekude lee. Noko ke, le mihla ekhululekile Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) luye lwaququzelelwa nkqu eSoviet Union (1989) waza wabizwa ngokuba LDPSS. Namhlanje, akukho wesiNtu ukuba ukukhumbula, njengoko ekholelwa ukuba amtshabalalise inkqubo endala yileyo kwaye udale into entsha, lwentando yesininzi. Kodwa ubulungisa, sifanele uqaphele ukuba yiSoviet Union - ngongcwalazi bobukho bakhe - kodwa kubekho inguqu zezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho.

Le ntlekele yezopolitiko eRashiya: ukwamkelwa koMgaqo-siseko kunye nokuvakaliswa amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi nomongameli

Imbali lizwe lethu unokubaphambukisa ukuze umongameli ayikwazanga. OBambeleyo uMongameli Russian Federation ivakalise kuphela ngoDisemba 1993, xa umgaqo-siseko omtsha yamkela, kodwa kude kube lelo xesha, inkokheli zopolitiko lizwe lethu wohlukana nkampu zimbini:

1. Eyokuqala wayefuna ukubona intloko imo Russian Federation Council Ephakamileyo, leyo ingxelo kuMongameli. Bayale- uphuhliso lwezopolitiko zemeko entsha yendlela endala Soviet. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba le kumda wesangqa wayeza ekugqibeleni similise uyiRhiphablikhi zepalamente, kodwa abantu bafuna utshintsho oluphawulekayo onke amacandelo oluntu.
2. Le ngcamango abaxhasi uyiRhiphablikhi kamongameli-wepalamente. Ayekholelwa ukuba oko abantu abanyuliweyo umongameli welizwe kufuneka banikwe igunya ngakumbi.

Zombini uMongameli Boris Yeltsin kunye namalungu eBhunga Ephakamileyo, ephethwe yi RI Khasbulatov waziphendulela umbono wakhe. Ngenxa yoko, ingxaki eli lizwe opolitiko, eyathatha ukususela ekuqaleni 1992 de ekwindla ka-1993, kwaye kungakhokelela ekubeni imfazwe yamakhaya kwilizwe lethu.

Xa ekwindla ka-1993 kwikomkhulu kwabonakala ngothango, kwaye kwezinye iindawo le ngozi bamacala amabini aphikisanayo kwakhula ndisilwa. I Ephakamileyo Council of the Russian Federation ugxothiwe uMongameli we-Russian Federation, kwaye yokugqibela yi ummiselo lichithakale umzimba kunyulwa. Kuthiwa ukuba semthethweni kwakusekho ecaleni liBhunga, njengokuba ukuya kuDisemba 1993 eli lizwe wahlala phantsi kwe siseko USSR ngo-1977, ngoko ke umongameli akukho amandla omthetho.

Kunjalo, BN Yeltsin usebenzise kubanjwa ngo-Apreli 1993 zimvo, apho malunga ne-58% ye podderzhali.No bayo kusenokwenzeka 42% yeBhodi nabaxhasi - ipesenti ebonakalayo, kwaye ukunyuka ngakumbi impi nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Naphi na apho abantu ngemipu, ukungqubana abaxhobileyo inqaba Ostankino TV.

Oktobha 4, 1993 kwikomkhulu laqalisa amatanki Taman Division, ngokusesikweni ingxelo kuMphathiswa wezoKhuselo, ekungeneni kwiBhunga Ephakamileyo Russian Federation. Bona wadubula e White House, apho abaxhasi wayethabathe yokusabela liBhunga Ephakamileyo. Yakutshanje inikela, yaye batyholwa uzama ubhedu. Kwaye ngoDisemba 1993 yayamkela-siseko omtsha we-Russian Federation. Ekugqibeleni, umongameli igunya lwenza kunyulo 1996.

uMongameli isimo

UMongameli we-siseko RF, iNtloko kaRhulumente (Inxalenye 1 Art. 80). Akazange intloko ngamandla elawulayo, kodwa uRhulumente unalo ilungelo lokuba baye kwintlanganiso, achophele kuyo, wenze isigqibo malunga emsebenzini kunye nemvume likaRhulumente uDuma ukuba amphe intloko yelizwe (art. 83).

Imithombo yomthetho musa asenokubonisa ukuba kukho uhlobo sesine amandla - ". Umongameli" Noko ke, eli gama lisetyenziswa kwi umthetho ukunikela ingqalelo ingxelo ngemeko ekhethekileyo intloko karhulumente kwinkqubo yezomthetho: ubukho amandla akhe, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo amalungelo noxanduva kubanjiswene namanye amagunya, ingakumbi esilawulayo.

Yintoni luxanduva uMongameli Russian Federation? Uqwalaselo olubukhali kamva kweli nqaku.

Isiqinisekiso of Rights kunye nenkululeko

Imisebenzi ephambili ukuba umongameli Russian Federation na ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba amalungelo nenkululeko yomntu nommi (Inxalenye 2 Art. 80). Kufuneka sicacise ukuba amanqaku inqaku ingcamango "amalungelo oluntu kunye neenkululeko" kunye "amalungelo oluntu nenkululeko." Makhe sihlolisise le zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Phantsi yokuqala ithetha ukuba neentlobano nzile abemi ubudlelwane kunye karhulumente (government). Oku kuthetha into yokuba intloko karhulumente wethu kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba amalungelo ezivela kwimimiselo ubume ungummi, umzekelo, amalungelo ezopolitiko (ekusebenziseni ilungelo lokuzikhethela kwaye akhethwe, ukuba bathathe inxaxheba Rally zoxolo kwezopolitiko kunye neentlanganiso, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi zamaqela ezopolitiko, iikomiti zemanyano yabasebenzi et al.).

Igama elithi "Amalungelo oluntu" ithetha ezo zikokosiweyo kumGaqo izivumelwano ezininzi ngamazwe kunye neendibano. Ngezantsi kubo ithetha imithetho enjalo wokuziphatha ukuqinisekisa inkululeko isidima somntu lowo. uxanduva lwayo ukukhusela amalungelo omgaqo-siseko abemi intloko karhulumente zinokuphunyezwa, umzekelo, ngokuthi vetoing eminye imithetho kunye nezigqibo kaRhulumente Duma phambi kokuba ityala lokugqibela imbambano kwinkundla efanelekileyo.

Phantsi "inkululeko" kufuneka watolika kungekho nayiphi na imiqobo kunye neentsilelo kuyo nantoni na zilawulwa ngurhulumente ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo imithamo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, inkululeko yonqulo yokuzikhethela, ukhetho lwekhondo kunye nabanye.

Ukupapashwa kamasipala

Intloko karhulumente unelungelo lokukhupha neyazo - imimiselo nemiyalelo ukuba inyanzelekile kubo bonke abemi. Ukuba ngaba lwisani ni nomthetho federal.

Ummiselo - esi sicwangciso senzo ixesha elide zomthetho, ebhekisela kuluntu jikelele.

Ukuchitha - sisenzo ngamnye enxulumene nomntu othile - zomthetho okanye yendalo - okanye igunya loluntu.

Umthetho osisiseko eli lizwe akuthethi ukusebenzisa ingqiqo ka "miqathango" ngokunxulumene imimiselo nemiyalelo intloko karhulumente. Noko ke, bona abo baphantsi ezikulo ngoku yomthetho imithombo umthetho, njengoko iya kuba ngokuchasene nayo nayiphi na imithetho okanye imigaqo-siseko federal.

Imimiselo ngesimilo olumisiweyo uqalise ukusebenza kulo lonke elo lizwe emva kokuphela kwiintsuku ezisi-7 emva kokusayina. Nezinye ii-odolo - nangoko.

ngummeli wowona ulungileyo-siseko

Umongameli Russian ke usisiqinisekiso-siseko yaye kufuneka zihambelane ukugcinwa nemimiselo yawo, ukuthintela ukuba kuhlaziywe kwamalungelo aqinisekiswe kunye nenkululeko. Umncede enze le misebenzi nguMongameli Administration kunye nooSomakhonkco lwamaLungelo abaNtwana phantsi uMongameli we-Russian Federation and Human Rights.

ngummeli wowona ulungileyo ukuzimela

Siyaqhubeka ibattery imisebenzi ngumgaqo-siseko umongameli Russian Federation. Intloko karhulumente usisiqinisekiso ulongamo. Lo msebenzi uya kukufeza ngokusebenzisa lilifa amagunya ezizodwa, ezifana unelungelo lokubeka umthetho ngamajoni. Intloko karhulumente na umphathi wongamileyo semkhosini kunye aselwandle.

imisebenzi omele

UMongameli imele urhulumente zombini kumgaqo amazwe kunye zasekhaya. Ngokomzekelo, kubhaliwe egunyazisiweyo ukuba asayine izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe egameni likaRhulumente, ukuze bakhusele imfuno iinkampani Russian kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele, kunye nabanye.

Ngokumalunga umsebenzi ukumelwa lwangaphakathi, kuyimfuneko ukuba achaze izinto awohluke zeyunithi sendawo-yezolawulo. Russia yimeko federal owakhiwa ngayo kwimimandla kunye nezixeko ukubaluleka federal. Izifundo zohlukile mini-ithi kwi Federation. Banalo ilungelo lokuba yabo siseko lwangaphakathi, nemimiselo, ukuba babeke imizimba yabo zomthetho, akhuphe imimiselo lwangaphakathi, nakwiiriphabliki yesizwe banelungelo kulwimi karhulumente lwesibini, njl Ikakhulu kwinkqubo kukuba ngabalawulwa imithetho kufuneka ukuziphikisa-siseko kunye nemithetho yase imithetho. Intloko karhulumente iziko federal kubudlelwane kunye amaqumrhu lizwe.

Izibopho ezinxulumene intsebenziswano kunye nabasemagunyeni (Art. 83-85)

UMongameli uya kwenza imisebenzi enxulumene intsebenziswano kunye nabasemagunyeni:

1. Umisa inkulumbuso ngemvume likaRhulumente Duma.
2. Kuthatha isigqibo malunga yokurhoxa kaRhulumente, gxotha izenzo zayo.
3. Ukuqesha nokugxotha Supreme Umyalelo we omkhosi.
4. Vumela imfundiso umkhosi karhulumente.
5. Wonyula abagwebi intloko ye-Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
6. Abakhwetha eyilwayo ivoti kwi State Duma.
7. Ngena kwaye amisele nokusayinwa imithetho yase eyamkelwe yiPalamente.
8. Biza i zimvo.
9. imiyalezo yonyaka kwiNdibano Federal.

Ithuba lokuba sesikhundleni lukaMongameli Russian Federation (Art. 81)

Ekuqaleni, phantsi koMgaqo-siseko we-1993, intloko karhulumente elonyulwe kunyulo jikelele lwentando iminyaka emi-4. Ngowe-2008, kwabakho utshintsho siseko. Ngoku ngo-2012, ixesha lokuba sesikhundleni lukaMongameli Russian Federation - kwiminyaka emi-6. Kunye nokhetho olulandelayo ziya kubanjwa kwilizwe lethu ngoMatshi 2018.

Iimfuno ukuba umviwa ukuze umongameli iRussia

Yintoni ekufuneka ukuba urhulumente enkulu? Kukho ubuncinane mandatory osemthethweni, nto leyo kumiselwe kuMgaqo-siseko;

• ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-35;
• kuhlala phezu umda welizwe lethu iminyaka ubuncinane elishumi;
• ukungabikho enetyala.

Amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi nguMongameli Russian Federation ngokwe-siseko (ngokufutshane)

Ngoko ke, ukuba azihlanganisele iziphumo ze udwelise kwisakhono intloko karhulumente:

• ngummeli wowona ulungileyo-siseko, inkululeko, amalungelo kunye nenkululeko abemi;
• nokugcina inkqubo amalungu kwamandla karhulumente;
• ukumelwa nkqubo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle;
• ukhuseleko kwelizwe;
• esweni ukuthotyelwa ne-siseko;
• ukwamkelwa kwamanyathelo engxamisekileyo situatsiyyah likaxakeka, declaration umthetho karate;
• ulawulo onke amasebe amandla;
• kujongwe imiba enxulumene ubumi kunye yokhuseleko yezopolitiko;
• ukuyilwa iBhunga lezoKhuseleko yelizwe;
• nokhetho;

• uchophela iintlanganiso yesigqeba, isigqibo malunga yokurhoxa kaRhulumente kunye nokuqeshwa esitulweni omtsha kwemvume uDuma;
• nesigqibo ekunikweni kunye sethu;
• Ukuqeshwa intloko Central Bank kunye kwemvume uDuma;
• ukuqeshwa kwabagwebi;
• Kolushicilelo nemimiselo yayo nemiyalelo, ongaphikisaniyo imithetho yase kanye-siseko;
• eminye imisebenzi.

Siyathemba ukuba ulwazi lwakho kulo ndawo landiswa.