Yintoni "umthetho yegolide 'ithi? Ixabiso kunye nentsingiselo "umthetho yegolide"

Uyilelwe yi iinkcuba adumileyo kunye nootitshala kumaxesha amandulo, kodwa kwakhona okwangoku mlonyeni kakhulu. "Umthetho yegolide wokuziphatha" ithumba Umgaqo ebanzi yokuziphatha ngokunxulumene komnye umntu njengenxalenye nayiphi na imeko pfunaka. Usebenza yonk 'into exhalabisa ubuhlobo babantu.

Yintoni i "ulawulo yegolide"?

Kuyinto ekhoyo, ngaphandle ubaxo, ngamnye iinkonzo ezikhoyo ngendlela enye okanye omnye. "Ulawulo Golden" - kuyinto mithetho esisiseko, ebonisa ikhwelo ngenxa yokuziphatha. Idla waqonda njenge esisiseko, eyona ibaluleke ngenyaniso yawo. Ulawulo phantsi ingqalelo yokuziphatha ithi, "Musa ukuyenza kwabanye izinto awufuni ukwenza kuni» (Quod tibi fieri ezingezo Vis feceris alteri ne).

Uyondelelwano lwee- ubulumko bobuqili kuwo yenye imiba vangama yeenqobo ezingapheliyo.

amanqaku ngembali malunga nemithetho ingxelo

Ngexesha Imihla imbonakalo yakhe ukuya kwiminyaka 1 amawaka. BC. e., xa sasivela ubhedu humanistic. "Gold" status iye abazifumene kwinkulungwane XVIII.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngaphambili kuluntu lesizwe malunga isiko yempindezelo igazi - talion (umvuzo, ngokokulingana ulwaphulo-mthetho). Wakhuthaza uhlobo limiter ubutshaba zokubeleka, njengoko lo mthetho ngenkohlakalo efunekayo sisohlwayo elingana.

Xa waqala ubuhlobo nezizwe ukuba shwaka, kukho ubunzima umehluko ocacile, ngoko ukuthetha, abanye kunye ngokwabo. amaqhina zoqoqosho ngaphandle mphakathi kukholisa ukubaluleka ngakumbi kunemithetho nomini.

Njengoko ekuqaleni noluntu afuna akanguye unobangela zachaphazeleka amalungu ayo ngalinye. Kulo mba, Taleon ulahlekelwa ukusebenza, kwaye kukho imfuneko ukwenza umgaqo omtsha ngokupheleleyo ukulawula ubudlelane nabanye, elizimeleyo eliphi yezizwe. Ukuba lo mgaqo yaba mthetho: "Phatha abantu indlela ongathanda ukuba bazenze kuwe."

Kokuhlaziya imithetho zokuziphatha

enye link eqhelekileyo kusegazini nemixube ezahlukahlukeneyo - "enye". Oku kuthetha nawuphi na umntu (isizalwane ekufutshane okanye esikude, umntu omaziyo okanye ungowasemzini).

Ixabiso lika "umthetho yegolide" - ukuba ulingano abantu bonke ngokuphathelele kwinkululeko lwabo namathuba ukuba ngcono. It is a uhlobo ukulingana ngokuphathelele iimpawu yabantu engcono kunye nemigangatho elilelona yokuziphatha.

Ukuba ukubuza umbuzo, "" umthetho yegolide "-? Yintoni na", Impendulo kufuneka angayityhileli ukutolikwa verbatim, kwaye ingqiqo wangaphakathi bulumko, leyo wamsa imo "igolide".

Ngoko ke, ulawulo yokuziphatha kufuna ulwazi lomntu ngamnye imiphumo nezenzo ezenziwe ngabo kwixesha elizayo ngokunxulumene omnye umntu esebenzisa ezayo ngokwakho endaweni yakhe kwangethuba. Isifundisa ukuba abanye kuye.

Kwezinye iinkcubeko kubonakala?

Ngelo xesha (kodwa ngokuzimeleyo nganye enye) i "ukuziphatha umthetho yegolide" wabonakala kunye Hindu, kunye WayengumBhuda lobuYuda kunye Christianity and Islam, kwakunye neemfundiso zokuziphatha bulumko (konfutsianstve). Enye nemixube kusenokwenzeka ukubona kwi "Mahabharata" (amazwi Buddha).

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Confucius, xa bebuzwa umfundi wakhe malunga nokuba ingaba bakhona na ilizwi owawuza kunikhokelela yonke yobomi bakhe, wathi: "Lo gama -" kuphindaphindeko ". Musa ukwenza kwabanye into ongafuni ukuba nomfanekiso. "

Xa imibhalo yamaGrike oko kwenzeka kwi "Odyssey" Homer yakhe yakudala kwimisebenzi iprozi ka nguHerodotus "Imbali", kwakunye neemfundiso kaSocrates, uAristotle, uHesiod, uPlato, inabe of eMileto kunye Seneca.

EBhayibhileni, ulawulo olukhankanywe kabini: kwiNtshumayelo yaseNtabeni (Mat 7:12; Luka 3:31, iindaba ezimnandi ..) Yaye iincoko abapostile bakaYesu Kristu.

Xa "Sunnah" (amazwi Muhammad) "Umthetho ongundoqo 'ithi:". Ngaba bonke abantu ukuba ufuna njalo, ukuze babe ngamadoda, yaye musa ukuyenza kwabanye izinto ubuya asithandi bona "

Amagama "umthetho yegolide yokuziphatha"

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukuzama ukuba lokuhlela lenza zenziwa ngokwemimiselo yobuhle okanye ekuhlaleni.

Ngoko ke, lo sobulumko waseJamani Hristian Tomazy wachaza iintlobo ezintathu ezingundoqo umthetho, ngaloo ndlela delimiting umda yomthetho, isimilo nakwezopolitiko, ezo zibizwa ngokuba imigaqo yomthetho, beneentloni kunye nentlonipho.

Zezi zilandelayo.

1. Umgaqo ilungelo philosophically ityhila uhlobo imfuneko yokuba umntu kufuneka siyenze ngokunxulumene omnye ukuba akayi angathanda ukwenza ngokunxulumene kuye.
2. Umgaqo ezibonisa amelwe njengoko isibheno ethical ukuba umntu into omnye kwisifundo uza kuba ukulungele ukukwenza oko.
3. Ukuhlonela imigaqo watyhila ukuba umntu uhlala wenza ngokubhekisele nabanye abantu ngendlela wayefuna ukuba wenze kuye.

ngumphandi German G. UReiner kwakhona wacebisa ukuba amagama bobathathu "imithetho zegolide", eziqhelekileyo kunye ngentla-ingqalelo nentsingiselo yalo (H. UTomasi).

• Ukuqulunqwa lokuqala - mgaqo imvakalelo, athi: "(Musani) ukwenza kwabanye oko (hayi) umnqweno ngokwakho."
• Okwesibini - ulawulo okuzimela yi: "(yena) kuyenza ngokwakho ukuba ufumana (musa) ezincomekayo kwenye."
• Eyesithathu - umthetho ngokufanayo yi: "njani na (hayi) ufuna ukuba ngokunxulumene kuni kwakukho abantu (hayi) yenzani ngokunjalo nani kubo."

"Ulawulo Golden" kwi izaci nezafobe

Le mithetho yokuziphatha ngokuqinileyo igxile ezingqondweni loluntu abantu ikakhulu ngohlobo lwemveli.

Ngoko ke, umzekelo, intsingiselo "umthetho yegolide 'kuboniswa kwinani Imizekeliso Russian.

1. "Yintoni enye musa uthando, yaye akazange akwenze."
2. "Musa umbe umngxuma kwenye - uya kungena kuwo."
3. "Njengoko lomnxeba, ukuze lo msindo."
4. "Indlela ukukhwaza ehlathini kwaye ehlathini uya kusabela."
5. "Yintoni abantu unqwenela, ngoko ke gettin '.
6. "Musa amathe kwi kakuhle - ukuba amanzi okusela. '
7. "Ukwenza abantu abakhohlakeleyo, musa ukulindela ukuba okulungileyo" kunye nabanye.

Ngoko ke, "umthetho yegolide 'ngokuntsonkotha kunye namazwi kaninzi ukuvumela ukuba balisebenzise kubomi bemihla ngemihla yaye wegqitha kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngohlobo lula ukukhumbula uncwadi lwemveli.

"Diamond kulawula yokuziphatha"

Kuyinto ngumphelelisi kwi "yegolide" ngazo ngaphambili. Oku kudla ngokuba diamond ngenxa nsimbi, ebonisa yoluntu, nto leyo ezizodwa ngohlobo lwayo.

Ngenxa yoko, njengokuba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, "umthetho yegolide" ithi: "Musa ukuyenza kwabanye izinto awufuni ukwenza kuni." "Diamond" Kwakhona wongezelela athi: "Yenza ntoni akukho namnye ngaphandle kwakho." Apha eyona nto kujoliswe kuyo yinzuzo eziziswe (ezenziwe kakhulu ukuba umntu othile) ukuya kunokwenzeka nani liphezulu labantu.

Ngamanye amazwi, i "diamond umthetho yegolide" ithi: "uMthetho ukuze ukukwazi kwakho kakhulu ukukhonza iimfuno omkhulu zabanye." Yeyona ezahlukileyo ngamnye (umxholo amanyathelo ethical) Ihe kwingongoma iphela.

Ngoko ke, ukuba "Umthetho ongundoqo" - na inguqu kwisifundo ibe yinto (ezayo yengqondo ngawe kwi umntu kunye ukulahlwa abazi yabo izenzo zazingathandanga njengam), "Diamond" ncwadi, kwelinye icala, yabela lithe kuncitshiswa phantsi ingqalelo nomba yokuziphatha isenzo ekujoliswe into, kwakunye ukohluka yayo somntu.

"Ulawulo Golden" libe yinto ingqalelo zobulumko

IsiNgesi sobulumko ezibonakalayo Thomas Hobbes ubufanasini kuyo njengesiseko kwemithetho yemvelo, ezidlala indima kubomi babantu. Kulula kakhulu ukuba baqonde ngumntu wonke. Lo mthetho ikuvumela ukuba lokuthintela amabango lokuzingca siqu kuphela ngaloo ukudala isiseko ubunye bonke abantu ngaphakathi kurhulumente.

I IsiNgesi Ifilosofi Dzhon Lokk akazange ukwamkela i "ulawulo yegolide yokuziphatha" njengento ukususela ekuzalweni ukunikwa umntu, kunye, kwelinye icala, wachaza ukuba ukulingana zendalo bonke abantu sidityaniswe eziqinileyo, kwaye ukuba uyayazi loo nto esebenzisa mithetho, kuya kuza ngenxa yoluntu.

I-sobulumko German Immanuel Kant kakhulu ebaluleke kakhulu amagama yemveli le ncwadi. Ngokutsho kuye, "umthetho yegolide" kwimo yalo ecacile kwenza kube nzima ukuba bahlole isidanga sophuhliso yokuziphatha yomntu: umntu siyijongele phantsi iimfuno yokuziphatha ngokunxulumene ngokwakhe okanye uthathe sengqondo zokuzingca (Ndiya kunindulula nina ubomi, musa aphazamise, kwaye nindixelele) . Oku kuquka umnqweno yomntu ihambo yakhe yokuziphatha. Noko ke, le minqweno, kunye neminqweno namaphupha yenza ukuba umntu bathinjwa bendalo ndinqumle ngokupheleleyo le yokuziphatha - inkululeko yabantu.

Sekunjalo, lo kunyanzelekile categorical Imanuweli Kant (ingqikelelo central iimfundiso ethical) enza ukucaciswa kuphela bulumko izinto eziye ekhoyo. Ngokutsho Kant, "umthetho yegolide" ithi: "uMthetho ukuze zithi yokuthanda kwakho nako kusoloko sisiseko komthetho jikelele." Kule nkcazelo, sobulumko waseJamani ezama, ukuze ndithethe, ukuvala i kroba nkqu kakhulu bezinto kukuzingca kwabantu. Wayekholelwa ukuba iminqweno yabantu kunye neminqweno kufuneka indawo oyinyaniso iinjongo isenzo yokuziphatha. Umntu ngamnye onoxanduva imiphumo yezenzo zabo kunokwenzeka.

iindlela ezimbini zokuziphatha kwabantu self-determination ngokwemiqathango bulumko mihla European

Umntu wokuqala lizisa njengomntu lwentlalo ngubani na kuxhomekeke yokuziphatha oluqhelekileyo.

Lo mkhuba yesibini sijoliswe ekuqondeni uluntu ummeli njengomntu, ukuba esihambelanayo aspiring efanelekileyo (iinkumbulo ukuvuthwa ingqibelelo actualization, ukuqonda individualization umoya ngaphakathi kunye t. D.) Yaye yokuziphatha njenge ndlela evumela ukufikelela ukulinywa embilwini.

Ukuba kuluntu lwanamhlanje ukuya zobulumko bathi: "Xela" umthetho yegolide "," impendulo ayikho ukuba umgangatho kuqulunqo yayo kunye nogxininiso nzulu phezu kwakhe ingqalelo umntu obambe njengoko umbandela amanyathelo yokuziphatha.

Ukuwa kwinqanaba yokuziphatha kuluntu namhlanje

Sikhulu ngokomoya kuluntu ehlabathini lonke ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX wahlwempuzeka kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba indawo lubalaseleyo namhlanje iingxaki zoqoqosho kunye nemiba enxulumene yeengcinga zezopolitiko (phantse zonke izenzo zabantu zijoliswe beqokelela ubutyebi ikakhulu).

Kugqatso rhoqo abantu ubutyebi ziyatyeshelwa ngokomoya, ndayeka ukucinga malunga lwangaphakathi ukuzeyisa yophuculo, waqalisa ukuba ngoyaba kwicala yokuziphatha yezenzo zabo. Oku kuvele ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX. Nkqu F. M. Dostoevsky wabhala ngokukhanuka ngokuxhaphaka imali, nto leyo yabanjwa abantu ngelo xesha (ngaphezu kwekhulu eyadlulayo) aya ( "I bwino").

Abantu abaninzi enokuba undilibele, yaye abaninzi abazi ukuba i "ulawulo yegolide" States.

Isiphumo iinkqubo ezikhoyo ngeli xesha lakalokunje, ukuze abe mihla le nangenxa yokudodobala kuphuhliso impucuko, okanye ngendaleko ngxi.

A indima ebalulekileyo kwesimilo oluntu ngokubhekiselele eRashiya iJamani wadlala ideology efanelekileyo evelayo kuzo zonke ngomaleko yayo, ngexesha ukuza ukuya ngamandla iiBolsheviks kunye amaNazi, ngokulandelelana.

izinga eliphantsi ngokusemthethweni abantu, njengokuba umthetho, ebhalwe ngokucacileyo ngayo kuloo maxesha anzima kwimbali (revolution, iimfazwe zamakhaya kunye interstate, xenga ucwangco loluntu, njalo njalo. D.). Imizekelo Kukwaphula inyala imilinganiselo yokuziphatha eRashiya ngexesha leMfazwe Civil, ngexesha Second World War (1939-1945 GG.), Xa ixesha kukaStalin ka-mveliso (-20-30-sharing.) Yaye (1918-1921). kule mihla, ngohlobo "bhubhane" izenzo kwabanqolobi. Zonke ezi ziganeko kwakhokelela ukuya kwenye japan kwintlekele - ukufa inani elikhulu kwabantu abamsulwa.

imiba Moral badla zithathelwa ingqalelo xa izigqibo ngemiba karhulumente ngexesha lokubhalwa kutshintsho loqoqosho, intlalo, zolimo nezeefektri (idla isiphumo - iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kokusingqongileyo).

imeko embi yangoku kwilizwe lethu phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bomntu - ibangelwa ngqo lokungaphumeleli zikarhulumente ngokuphathelele kwinqanaba ezikhoyo yokuziphatha oluntu ngexesha isigqibo elandelayo karhulumente.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, sabona ukuvuthuluka imeko mthetho kwilizwe lethu liye landa inani ukubulala, isiko kunye ingakumbi ukhohlakele, Gxibha ubunganga, ubusela, udlwengulo, ukunyoba, ukonakaliswa kwempahla, njl Zonke ezi badla msulwa kuba ipesenti lehlile zolwaphulo-kusonjululwe ...

Umzekelo we-ukudideka kunye chaos oxhaphakileyo kungoku kwilizwe lethu, izenzo ibali ivuso olwaqhubeka-1996, ngabantu ababini baye babanjwa ukuba isenzo ubusela kwiNdlu kurhulumente Russian we ngekhathuni, apho kwesiqingatha sesigidi zeerandi kwaba. Kungekudala bafumana ingxelo esemthethweni isiphumo sokuba umnini-mali akazange abonise up, ngokunxulumene ngayo ityala lolwaphulo lalivaliwe, kunye nophando ziyakupheliswa. Izaphuli kweso baba "ngabancedi zikaRhulumente", njengoko kuvela, bafumana "yobuncwane", yaye athimba imali wathunyelwa kaNondyebo kaRhulumente.

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba umnini yafumana imali ngendlela embi, kungenjalo nangoko besiya ibango kubo. Kulo mzekelo, ofisi yomtshutshisi kwakufuneka enze uphando ukuqinisekisa umthombo yimbonakalo kwibhokisi nge isixa esikhulu kunene imali. Kutheni le nto ayizange yenzeke - igosa eligunyazisiweyo umntu ngobuchule cwaka. Kuhleli ukucinga ukuba Ministry of Interior, iinkundla kunye ofisi yomtshutshisi abakwazi ukumelana nale meko mthetho kweli lizwe. Isizathu soku kukuba, kubonakala ukuba, inani elikhulu amagosa karhulumente ezikhohlakele.