Ngaba ndisela utywala-ezamahala utywala nokuqhuba kangakanani?

abaqhubi beemoto abaninzi ababoni ingxaki ekusebenziseni utywala non-ezinxilisayo. Bathi kubufanisa nantoni kwi soda yesiqhelo okanye kvass. Ukongeza, ezi abaqhubi zisoloko impendulo affirmative ukuya umbuzo ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ivili ukuba asele utywala non-ezinxilisayo.

iimviwo

Ukuze uqonde ukuba usebenzise ngoxa uqhuba izithuthi, kubalulekile ukufumana indlela abo okanye ezinye iziselo kuchaphazela umzimba. Oku kunokwenziwa kuphela ngamava.

isifundo engahlawulwayo yokulinga lwenziwa, ngexesha apho abantu babesebenzisa ezahlukeneyo yeziselo inqaba. Emva koko, ke kuthathwa wayeyingcali - narcologist, kunye nemilinganiselo ukuzikisa ingqondo utywala olwenziwe umoya usebenzisa analyzer igesi. Kuba ukuthembeka isifundo zisetyenziswe kvass - 1.5 l, juice apile - 1 L, iintlobo ezimbini utywala non-ezinxilisayo ukuba uthe alkoholi 0.5% ne 0,34% - 2 iilitha nganye, imveliso yobisi yehashe nge-3% amandla lowu - 1 l.

i amaqhinga

Ukuze ufumanise ukuba uyakwazi ukuqhuba emva beer utywala-free, abathathi ezintlanu banikwa ukusela isiqingatha umthamo esithengiweyo iziselo. Ngelo xesha linye zisasazwe phakathi kwabo zazivelela. Umntu ukuba ukusela incindi, kodwa umntu - beer.

Emva kwemizuzu eli-10, emva kokuba umthamo kwangaphambili ibe enxilile, kwizifundo axilongwe. Kangangesiqingatha seyure abaye basebenzisa:

• umntu wokuqala - 0.5 ilitha juice,
• yesibini - 1 L nonalcoholic beer amandla 0,34%;
• sesithathu - 1 litre umqombothi amandla 0.5%
• Okwesine - 0.7 l kvass
• sesihlanu - 0.5 l koumiss.

Ngenxa yoko zophando kwafunyaniswa ukuba bonke ziingcathu. Gas analyzer yabonisa 0.0 PPM.

Ukuqhubeka nokuhlola

Kodwa baninzi kuyimfuneko ukwazi kangakanani na ukusela utywala non-ezinxilisayo ishishini ezintendeni. Ngoko ke experimenters akazange uyeke ukufumana ezi ziphumo. Banika nje ikhefu ngeyure lovavanyo. eminye imizuzu-40, kwafuneka Emva kwakhe kusela yonke into eseleyo.

Ngeli xesha uvavanyo yenziwe ngoko nangoko emva ithamo yokugqibela. Yiyo le phando lunika ithuba ukuqonda oko kuya kwenzeka ntoni xa usela utywala non-ezinxilisayo ishishini ezintendeni. Eli xesha analyzer ingxelo ukuba izifundo 3 izidanga. Uninzi wabonakala kunxila ngubani wasela ubisi imazi yehashe yakhe. Umphunga iyaphuma umoya we 1.05 PPM sabhalwa. Kwindawo yesibini umntu, lowo ukusela iilitha ezi-2 non-utywala besiNtu ngamandla ukuya kwi-0.5%. Yena analyzer yabonisa 0,11 PPM. iinkokheli abathathu lavula abantu ngeqashiso labo iilitha ezi-2 utywala nge 0,34%. Enkungwini komoya 0,09 PPM yarekhodwa. Amarhe malunga nokuba yintoni kvass kunye apile juice okuvusa isidanga, neyayizezenkohliso. Amadoda babengagqitywanga iziselo baba ziingcathu ngokupheleleyo.

imilinganiselo ngokuphindaphindiweyo

Ukuze ubone ukuba zingaphi ungafumana emva ivili emva ibhiya non-utywala, abaphengululi baqhuba imilinganiselo iyaphindwa kangangesiqingatha seyure emva yangaphambili. Abo basela kvass kunye juice, bangabi saba ababandakanyekayo, kuba baba ziingcathu. Ngenxa yoko, uphando eseleyo loo data zifunyenwe. Abalandeli ezinxilisayo zesiselo lula ngeli xesha lifutshane akwazi utywala emzimbeni. A tipsy encinane le ndoda wayesela ubisi imazi yehashe yakhe. Yokufundwa analyzer igesi abhalwe kwinqanaba 0,15 PPM. Kwathi kanti, umenzi wayenyanisile xa wabonisa ukuba Wozisibekekisa isiselo ubisi sinxilisayo yi-3%.

Ukwazi oku, saphetha yokuba ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ivili ukuphuza utshwala non-ezinxilisayo. Ngexesha yomzamo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ethululwayo ayikwazi ukuba ulinganiswa emanzini esimnandi, isiselo okanye kvass. Ise- utywala, nto leyo echaphazela indlela. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba eyavela eliphantsi umntu oluqhelekileyo iza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Hlola narcologist

Ukongeza izifundo usebenzisa uvavanyo analyzer igesi nayo uqinisekise yobungcali. Uthe alinganiselwa neziphawuli asenokubonisa ukunxila. Ekuhambeni Ukuhlolwa lukhangelwe nedumbe iqinelwa, udibaniso intetho izinga reaction, imbonakalo yahlaziywa. Kwakhona iingcali cinga enoba kukho ivumba ephuma emlonyeni, ukuhlola umlinganiselo bokuphefumla ukubetha, ofana abafundi abasabela ekukhanyeni, nokuba jitter uphawu khulu, wambuza ukuba azise ngomnwe emathatheni, amehlo ivaliwe.

Ngenxa yoko uviwo enjalo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba nangona ukufunda sezantsi kwesikhundla analyzer igesi, isidanga nokukhanya ukunxila okanye ngabantu abo basela utywala non-ezinxilisayo, wayengekabi. Abantu baba ukusela ochwayitileyo ngakumbi 2 iilitha le ngobuwena lula hop okuthile.

Kodwa kamva isiqingatha seyure ke sobered up. Kukuthi akukho ngendoda wasela ubisi imazi yehashe, hayi ukusebenza. Narcologist kwaye inyathelo uhlolo lokugqibela kwafunyaniswa degree okungephi kunxilwe. Unobangela ivili le meko kukuba akufuneki ukuba ahlale phantsi.

Iimpawu isifundo

Ndizama ukufumana ukuba ingaba kanye ukuba usele utywala non-utywala kwi kweevili ezijikelezayo, amava lwenziwa ukuze imiphumela yayo awuchaphazeli. Ekuqaleni, lo wengqondo wahlola zonke izifundo. -Eksperimenti yabo kuvunyelwa kuphela emva kokuba ugqirha iye yaqinisekisa ukuba nesidima.

Ukongeza, phakathi nokuhlola ukuba akuvumelekanga ukutya okanye umsi. Le yokugqibela ugwetyelwayo into yokuba breathalyzer kunganeziphumo ukunyanga ubukho kwenicotine. Bonke abenzi semiconductor kungaba asabela umsi wecuba, bekudidekisa kuyo umphunga utywala.

imithetho emiselweyo

3 iminyaka eyadlulayo umhloli Nisenokuthetha ukunxila, ukuba breathalyzer wabonisa ngaphezu 0.00 PPM. Kodwa ke ngo-2013, imigangatho zitshintshile. Kucingelwa ukuba le umoya ngumqhubi, kwaba 0.16 mg / l, engqamana 0.3 ppm lotywala egazini. Xa nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, eli nani mayingagqithi 0.5 PPM.

Iingcali ibeke izigaba ukunxila ngokuxhomekeke uyondelelwano lwee- umphunga utywala. Kodwa ke kufuneka ikhunjulwa into yokuba kukho abathile analyzers isiphoso, ukuze bakwazi ukusabela nokuba ukhetha ukusela nje utywala non-ezinxilisayo ishishini ezintendeni. Ubungqina inokuthenjwa unika uvavanyo lwegazi.

Ngoko, xa kujongwa ukususela 0.2 ukuya 1.2% kubonisa iqondo okungephi kunxilwe. Xa efumanise 2.2% ukunika umlinganiselo Isigaba utywala. Ukuba analyzer iya kubonisa ngaphezulu kwe 2.2%, kodwa hayi ngaphezulu kwe-2.7%, ngoko ke umntu onxilileyo. Malunga kakhulu abonisa readings kwi ukuya kwi 4.7%. Higher lamanani iyabulala.

Vumela okanye ukuphika?

Ukwazi imithetho nokubona iziphumo umfuniselo unokugqiba enoba kunokwenzeka ukuba ivili ukuphuza utshwala non-ezinxilisayo. Ngenxa data evela ukufundisisa ngasentla, kubonakala ukuba abaqhubi ningabaleli nto. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba susceptibility utywala - na impendulo eyodwa kakhulu. Kwaye ukuze umntu ukuze yebo iilitha ezi-2 yebhiya non-ezinxilisayo abe idosi ezibalulekileyo. Emva narcologist wafunyaniswa "ukunxila nowobulali 'ukuba abantu basebenzisa inani ezichaziweyo othululwayo.

Ngaphambi sifumanisa ukuba, oko kuvunyelwa ukuba ukusela utywala non-ezinxilisayo ngoxa uqhuba, khumbula ukuba mhlawumbi kuchaphazela isantya yoxinaniso kunye indlela. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokuba unoxanduva kwingozi. Kwaye kholwa ndim, nokuba kukho imali encinane utywala ezifumaneka survey, musa ukuhamba egameni lakho. Lunjalo ke imivuzo ubungozi? Ingakumbi iingcali beer bathi uguqulelo olungabuyeli utshwala mbi kakhulu yokuqala.

Iimpawu ethululwayo

ukuqonda ukuba okanye hayi kwaye nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ivili ukuphuza utshwala non-ezinxilisayo Ukuze ngokuchanekileyo, kubalulekile ukuqonda oko oveliswa ngayo. Musa ukucinga ukuba lo ntlobo soda eqhelekileyo. Enyanisweni, ukuba senziwe ngendlela efanayo njengento isiselo oqhelekileyo enxilisayo. Inkqubo iqala kunye ukuntshula ingca, ngetshaneli zabo, ukutshabalalisa. Le umgubo ngenxa obegalelwe amanzi kunye Wort ifunyenwe. Kuye kongezwa igwele ulinde de inkqubo yokubola luya kuqhubeka. Kwinkqubo yeswekile na okuziinkozo, iguqulelwa carbon dioxide kunye notywala.

Ukuze ufumane isiselo ethambileyo luyaqhubeka ukusebenza. Lo mxube yahlaliswa ecociweyo kunye ngumphunga ibekwe kuyo utywala. Kodwa iteknoloji yangoku akavumi ukwenza icocwe ngokucokisekileyo. Ngoko ke, nkqu-ekuthiwa utywala non-utshwala isixa esithile utywala isekhona.

Inkqubo luhlolo

Ngaphambi kokuba sifumana kunye kusela etywaleni non-ezinxilisayo ngoxa uqhuba, kuba uyazi ukuba xa isetyenziswa sinokuhlala nevumba uphawu yesiselo othululwayo. Ngoko ke, umhloli unelungelo kuthumela kuwe ukuze axilongwe kwiziko ekhethekileyo nobuchule.

Apho umqhubi uyakwazi ukuhlola kugqirha lowo ngezizathu zizehlo iya kugqiba enoba kukho iimpawu kuselwe utywala. Kwakhona, ugqirha na onokumxelela umntu into inqanaba kunxilwe lomntu.

Ukongeza, ukuba ukuqinisekisa ingcali uyakwazi ukuqhuba diagnosis okukhawulezayo okanye wenze izifundo zaselebhu. Kuba analysis usebenzisa igazi, namathe okanye umchamo, kuxhomekeke izakhono nezixhobo Kumbindi Expert.

Iziphumo zophando zifakwa kwingxelo ekhethekileyo, ethi ikhutshwe kuloo mntu ababehamba nomqhubi bayizisa. Le ndoda, lowo akundincina, ingafunyanwa kunye kokugqitywa wengqondo.

Ukuhlolwa kweziphumo

Kudla kuvela ukuba abaqhubi akuvumelani isiphelo nokuqhubeka ibango ukuba nesidima. Kulo mzekelo, yenza akukho ingqiqo osifungise sona. Kulungile ukuba kuthi ukuba ufuna ukuphinda zoviwo. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, khumbula ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe kwisithuba seeyure ezi-2 ukusuka mzuzu zivalelwa. Ukuba uya kuthatha ixesha elingakumbi, iziphumo zophando luya kuba lolungamkelekanga.

Ukuphinda le nkqubo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ubhale kwingxelo eyahlukileyo. Re-Uviwo ikhutshwa phandle kwenye ingcali, naye ukuze, xa kuyimfuneko yokuqhuba uphando elebhu.

Ukuba umhloli uvakalelwa ivumba ukuba abekhona nkqu ukusetyenziswa ekhanyayo nakwisiselo esinxilisayo, ngoko ke unelungelo lokuba izakukuthumela uviwo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo ukuba utywala non-ezinxilisayo ngoxa uqhuba, cinga kwakhona. Mhlawumbi zophando zibonisa ukuba ziingcathu ngokupheleleyo. Ngapha koko, mhlawumbi, ude ufikelele iziko yobungcali, zonke izibini utywala sele badlula. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye uya uchitha ixesha lakho luvo.

Kodwa wonke umntu unelungelo lokufikelela esigqibeni sokuba ngaba iingxaki ezongezelelweyo singanqweneleka ukusuka uyolo ethandabuzekayo, apho aya kufumana kusetyenziso utywala non-ezinxilisayo.