Amagama Russian Old kunye neentsingiselo zawo. Imizekelo mazwi amandulo

igama Russian Old ngolwimi mihla eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ngathi engaqhelekanga nentsonkothileyo. Iingceba iziyelelane yamandulo kulo Kievan Rus kude, ukuze abamele amagama afanayo kunye iikhonsepthi kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, ungatshintsha kancinane ixabiso layo, kwaye sizalwe, uthatha, ingcaciso entsha yale mihla.

Old Russian and Old Slavic?

Journey ihlabathi lamandulo Ungaqala ne amagama aqhelekileyo, leyo unanamhla afumaneka kwintetho yanamhlanje. Mama, ikhaya, uyisekazi, umhlaba, ingcuka, umsebenzi, ezishelfini, iinkuni, oki - igama endala Russian. Kodwa ke impumelelo enye ekunokuthiwa kunye Ukrainian yamandulo nabadala. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zifumaneka kwezi lwimi phantse ngendlela efanayo njengoko kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. amagama Russian Old kunye neentsingiselo zazo zifumaneka ezikhumbuzo ezininzi iincwadi Slavic. Hi xikombiso, le ncwadi "I Lay of Igor" - ubuncwane ngokwenene abaqokeleli zamagama ezahlukeneyo yamandulo.

Mhlawumbi mabayahlule igama Russian kunye Common Slavonic, kodwa ukuyenza kweli nqaku, akukho kungenzeka. Sinako bagcine kuphela uphuhliso igama yamandulo - ukusuka ixabiso layo ekuqaleni ukuya lwanamhlanje. Yaye kufundisa olukhulu isifundo le uphuhliso isenokuba igama endala Russian "Ukuloba".

History of the gama

"Primary Chronicle" ubalisa ibali indlela isikhulu Vsevolod ngo-1071 phezu amazwe Vyshgorod isixeko "intlanzi isilwanyana deyal." Kwakusaziwa ukuba ilizwi, yaye ngamaxesha Monomakh. In "Imiyalelo" bakhe Prince Vladimir uthi ukuba "waqhubeka ngamava huntsman," oko kuqulethwe ngokomyalelo izitali, inja nivele, ookhetshe ngesandla kunye lokhozi. Igama elithi "Ukuloba" wayesele ligama eliqhelekileyo kwaye kwakuthetha lizingela, bamba irhamncwa.

Kamva, kwiinkulungwane 13-14 elithi "Ukuloba" livelile kumaxwebhu testamentary. ikhankanya "intlanzi intlanzi", "intlanzi beaver" kuluhlu zomthetho. Apha igama elithi "Ukuloba" lisetyenziswa yolondolozo lwendalo, kummandla wolondolozo - iindawo umhlaba kumashishini abucala kunye namathuba kakhulu ukuzingela nokuloba. Kodwa endala kunye nentsingiselo entsha "Ukuloba" kuthetha ukuzingela ngoncedo capture irhamncwa okanye intlanzi. Ingcambu yaloo gama kuhlala enye.

"Ukuloba" Modern

Kwintetho lwanamhlanje nalo rhoqo ilizwi "Ukuloba". Kuphela oko, efana nezinye igama Russian yamandulo, asetyenziswa ngendlela thumbanails, enye intsingiselo - kunokuthiwa, "herring lokuloba" okanye "Ukuloba ekwindla cod." Kodwa "catch kweengcuka" okanye "beaver catch" Asitsho naphakade. Ukwenza oku ngolwimi mihla Russian ligama lula noluqondakalayo "zokuzingela". Kodwa amagama "Ukuloba" zifumaneka kuyo yonke.

Abantwana nabazukulwana

Masikhumbule amazwi "Le Mousetrap", "umzingeli", "mgibe", kunye nabanye. Emveni kwako konke - abantwana kunye nabazukulwana igama yamandulo "Ukuloba". Ezinye i "abantwana", "Ukuloba" akazange sisinde ixesha yaye ngoku ifumaneka kuphela yemihla yamandulo. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "lovitva" wafika kakhulu kamva, "okuloba", kodwa yena akazange unamathele ngolwimi Russian. Lovitva wayesaziwa kwiinkulungwane 15-17 kwaye esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi intsingiselo "ukuzingela". Kodwa ayizange isetyenziswe ngexesha Pushkin kwesi kota.

Ayephila imbongi 'ukubambisa' enkulu "lovitvy" - lixesha, amagama ezingaphiliyo. Old Russian "lovitvy" ayisekho intetho mihla, kodwa engaboni nabo incwadi endala, uyakwazi ukuqonda intsingiselo yegama elithi ngokulula.

"Amazinyo Dragon" yaye "umgcini"

igama Old Russian ngoguqulo inokufumaneka kwizichazi ezininzi. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba igama endala lisetyenziswa, ingqiqo entsha yale mihla? amagama Old Russian kunye neentsingiselo zawo, njengokuba ubona, utshintsho ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umzekelo esisemgangathweni ngokwaneleyo eyaziwa iincwadi igama endala Russian "dragon amazinyo" yaye "umgcini".

Igama elithi 'amazinyo gongqongqo "owayesaziwa zonke-Russian zomkhosi isigama kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. I-ebizwa azinxibe ndawonye kweengqimba zamafu kunye iinkuni - sisithintelo ivaleke ukuya nomkhosi kunye abakhwele Mandulo, amandulo. Kokufika ngemipu nangenkanunu wenza olungeyomfuneko kunye nolwakhiwo, kunye namazwi ngokwazo. amajoni Old Russian wenza iindlela ezintsha olusebenzayo zokhuselo ukuhlasela, kwaye 'amazinyo gongqongqo "kwafuneka mabanikezele ezilahliweyo.

A iminyaka eliwaka, ekuqaleni IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, amazinyo gongqongqo umva ukusuka ngaphambili. Ngoku ngeglasi ekubetheleleni iibhloko, iinkuni kunye nobutyobo. Uyilo ezo ezazijoliswe ukunqanda kusengaphambili amatanki utshaba baphazamise uhlaselo amabutho yotshaba. Emva stockade imfazwe wachithwa, kodwa ilizwi ihleli. Ngoku ifumaneka imisebenzi emininzi yoncwadi ye emkhosini, kwi namabali kwamangqina, kumabali kunye neenoveli malunga imfazwe.

Emva ngolwimi mihla kunye elithi "umgcini." Noko ke, ibali lakhe ayikho phantse nje yobugorha nje ukuba igama odlulileyo. ngaphambili Goalkeeper wabiza iimonki sango abathobekileyo, wawavulayo isango kusasa yoonongendi neetempile, uluvalile nabo kwelanga ngenxa yokoyika ukwaphulwa abantu. Goalkeepers ziye yaphela ebomini bethu, kodwa kwingongoma ethile. Uphuhliso kwezemidlalo zomanyano, impumelelo kumaqela ethu kukhuphiswano ihoki kunye nebhola ekhatywayo ziye zakhokelela ukuba ukuvela "Goalkeeper" yanamhlanje - abadlali abenza lelokugada isango iqela sakhe esivela sihlaselwa elikhuselayo. Kwaye ilizwi idumile nje kuphela, kodwa nxiba zombini yabe i "nozinti" kwamanye amazwe.

I 'moya' endala

Ucinga ntoni, ukuba ngamaxesha uPetros Omkhulu yayisaziwa igama elithi "moya"? Yaye nje into eliyintsomi moya (iikhaphethi eziphaphazelayo), kunye noyilo lobunjineli yokwenene kakhulu? Kubonakala ukuba le nqwelo-moya ngaloo mihla ngokuba neziye esingazihambeliyo, sivumele ngophatho ngaphesheya komlambo convoys elide yezixhobo kunye nokutya. Kamva, lo gama ocande anzima ezikhethekileyo kakhulu waza waqalisa ukusetyenziswa kwishishini ngokufaka.

Elinye ibali efanayo kwenzeka elithi "ibhayisekile". Kubonakala ukuba kusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo eRashiya aphakathi - in impangele. Ukususela ngoko siye ngokuba iimbaleki-iimbaleki. Bicycle nefani ukuze eliguqulelwa ngokuthi "fleet-enyawo", hayi "belilelakhe ibhayisekile." Ngoko ke, lo ibhayisekile, kwaye moya kunye isizathu ekunokuthiwa ubudala, Russian endala yathi. Ngokungafaniyo lovitvy, la magama baye ezinye imilinganiselo zabo zibe ezifanelekileyo ngentetho mihla, Noko ke, ukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo nokutyhilwa kwalo.

iziqwenga ezidlulileyo

ezikhumbuzo ezimangalisayo ukusetyenziswa samandulo olwaqala, Isimanga, ezininzi zeelwimi mihla. amagama Drevnerusskie, imizekelo awo uyifumene ifomu sokuqala, zikhula benozuko ezisisigxina, obungenakudlula. Ngokomzekelo, amazwi onke aqhelekileyo afana "bubi", "ithamsanqa." Asinto nzima ukuqonda, nezakhi la magama - "aphume phezu", "random". elide baye amasuntswana olucacileyo nolulula zentetho.

Kukho nezinye mazwi isimiso efanayo. Umzekelo, "ngokungxama". "Kwikonw ngekona", "askew." Kodwa "kwikonw ngekona", "Bekrenev" okanye "ngokukhawuleza" - ukuba amagama eziphelelwe lixesha. Old Russian, unobumba kumaxabiso - bezichazimagama intloko ebuhlungu kunye ngeelwimi.

iziphumo

Njengoko ubona, amagama Russian amandulo kunye neentsingiselo zawo sisele intsimi ngokubanzi uphando. Abaninzi kubo babenako ukuqonda. Kwaye ngoku, behlangana iincwadi yamandulo elithi "vevelyay", "vedentsy" okanye "Ungakhathazeki, 'siya ngokukhuselekileyo ukukhangela le izichazi imilinganiselo. Kodwa abaninzi babo elinde ukuba zihlolwe. Kuphela umsebenzi onzima kunye namazwi bamandulo uya kuchaza imilinganiselo zabo nokwandisa ulwimi mihla Russian.