Amagama ngaphandle ekupheleni: imizekelo. Ngawaphi amagama ngaphandle isiphelo?

Morphemics ukuhlola yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye ilizwi, ezifana ingcambu, isimamva, isiqalo, entanjeni. In Russian, ilizwi ayikwazi ukuba nayiphi na kula, ngaphandle ingcambu. Nguye lo yenethiwekhi iphambili intsingiselo lungelelanisa. Inxalenye eseleyo igama okanye nje ukwenza ukuba achaze intsingiselo yentetho. A indawo ekhethekileyo kolu luhlu isiphelo, apho akuyomfuneko ngamazwi ezizimeleyo.

amagama Independent ophela

Inxalenye sentetho ulwimi Russian zahlulwe zibe ezizimeleyo inkonzo. Le yokugqibela iquka imibutho yabasebenzi, izalathandawo, amasuntswana kunye Ukusebenzisa iindidi zesigama. Baye akukho ntsingiselo lungelelanisa nikhonze kuphela esetyenziswa ukuncedisana ne-ixabiso amagama ezizimeleyo okanye zidityaniswe kule ntetho, isigwebo. Ngoko ke, ukuba rhoqo kwaye abangenazo iziphelo.

iindawo Independent zentetho zenziwe ezi morphemes, apho ukutshintsha, evakalisa yelo kudidi oluthile ntetho. Amaninzi ke isiphelo.

Phantse wonke umqondiso luncedo ngayo. Isakhiwo elula la mazwi: ingcambu + nesiphelo. I ingcambu phantse njalo rhoqo. Ngaphandle kukho iinkqubo iilwimi ezinzima kuphela ezifana alternation izandi. Isiphelo isoloko itshintsha.

Indima ekupheleni igama

End - inxalenye ubuncinane elibalulekileyo ilizwi, evakalisa intsingiselo lwegrama kwaye isebenza ukunxibelelanisa amagama kunye. Ilizwi olunentsingiselo zinokutshintsha ngencam kumatyala, abantu, isini, inombolo kunye nezinye iindidi zegrama. Oku kuqinisekisa iindibaniso ngokwegrama ezichanekileyo amabinza nezivakalisi.

Beka ekupheleni ilizwi - ekupheleni epheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngolwimi IsiRashiya isimamva isenzi xia, nto leyo iqhele ekupheleni ilizwi. Ngoko ke, lo isiphelo inokuba phambi kwakhe. Kodwa oku Kwimeko ongasetyenziswayo kuyo lo mgaqo.

Ukuze womvalela isiphelo, kuyimfuneko ukulukuhla ilizwi nayiphi na iindidi ezaziwayo-ntetho. Umzekelo, kukho utshintsho inani ibonisa indlela isandi iza kutshintsha: inja - inja, eluhlaza - oluhlaza, nto - bona. Njengoko ubona, onke la mazwi ileta yokugqibela (isandi, morpheme) yatshintsha. Oku kuya kuba sisiphelo.

amagama ingatshintshanga eziqingqiweyo

In Russian kukho igama luncedo ngaphandle ekupheleni. Imizekelo yezi ezaziwa abaninzi: cab phezulu, ukucula. Le yinxalenye intsingiselo yentetho, kodwa musa ukutshintsha ngenxa yezembali kunye neempawu zegrama, kwaye ke ngoko akukho mfuneko iziphelo. connectability-ntetho la magama le izalathandawo.

Nkulumo isini, inani, ityala la magama sichazwa ngokuthi abaxhomekeke kubo. Umzekelo: luhlaza-taxi - yokugqibela igama neuter ayiveli. Oku sikuva isiphawulo, nto leyo nayo ibekwe kuloo fom.

Ngelishwa, asinguye wonke ubani uyazi ukuba amagama ngaphandle ekupheleni ngolwimi Russian. It kwezibizo abolekwe kwezinye iilwimi: kangaroos, ngambini, Mississippi. infinitives yomlomo kwakhona abanalo iziphelo: uhadi, umdaniso, shiti. Izihlomelo la magama ngendlela enentsingiselo ayitshintshanga: phezulu, eshushu, ukuzila. Isandi yokugqibela kuyoze elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba ekupheleni, nangona okufana neziyelelane nesimamva.

Ifomu ekhethekileyo yesenzi - gerund - une akunakuphela, kuba iye ithathe ezinye zegrama iimpawu nezihlomelo: ukufunda, wabaleka wemka.

zero ekupheleni

Kwakhona ngolwimi Russian kukho amazwi ngaphandle ekupheleni, imizekelo apho okunene ophela zi: ihashe, itafile, ucango, ebusuku. Kubonakala xa ukutshintsha ukusweleka okanye inombolo: amahashe - amahashe - amahashe - amahashe, itafile - iitafile - itheyibhile - iitafile, ubusuku - ubusuku, ucango - emnyango.

Le nto ibizwa ngokuba philology null-ziyakupheliswa. Kule fomu yokuqala, kuba akukho gama emzimbeni. Ekupheleni ulwimi Old Slavonic kubonakaliswa ngokusebenzisa Z ileta, ngubani na ukufunda, kodwa wabonisa ukuba eli lizwi inokuguqulwa: stol, pol. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le ncwadi ithe yalahleka, kodwa ukuphela la mazwi akusekho ngokoqobo.

Ngoko ke kufuneka silumke ekumiseleni amagama eziqingqiweyo morpheme.

ngamagama asemzini

ukubandakanya Ulwimi - inxalenye ezisisigxina ezabelwe inkqubo yokuphuhlisa lungelelanisa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha zokuboleka amazwi nemisebenzi ukusetyenziswa kwayo, oko ungalunga kakhulu kwisixokelelwano lwegrama okanye hayi. i lwemasti,-mali kunye yomnxeba: Kuye kudala mazwi sele izithethi ezininzi eziyinzalelwane waqonda njengentsapho elibolekiweyo.

Kukwakho iqela zeziliphu ukuba azikhange zikwazi ukuba abe yinxalenye yinxalenye ulwimi: iteksi, ehamba, kangaroos, ngambini, ikofu.

Xa la mazwi, ekugqibeleni kukho isandi bezikhamiso, nto leyo ibonwa ngabaninzi yinxalenye variable. Enyanisweni, la mazwi ukuba isiphelo, imizekelo apho sidibana yonke imihla.

Ngoko ke, ngokwegrama engachanekanga bathi: xoxa kofem, idyasi intombazana, eze imitha, xa iitekisi ezimbini. isizathu zegrama zotshintsho ezinjalo ngolwimi Russian kodwa. Mhlawumbi ekuhambeni kwexesha zibe amagama ngokupheleleyo variable, kodwa mzuzu uphuhliso ulwimi kuphela ngendlela enye.

infinitives

Ngomhla umbuzo wokuba ingaba la magama ngaphandle neziphelo ngolwimi Russian na, umphengululi ngamnye uya kusabela kule affirmative. Eneneni, intsapho zeziliphu njengoko kukho ezininzi musa ukutshintsha, yaye ngenxa yoko, musa ukuba inani eliphunguliweyo lweendidi zegrama.

Oku ikakhulu infinitives. iintlobo zezenzi yenkqubo ulwimi Russian kumba kakhulu kwaye zahlukene. Inyaniso ukuba ezi fom njengenxalenye eyahlukileyo intetho, nakubeni iphambili - bonisa isenzo.

Infinitives - nguye ngohlobo lokuqala izenzi. msebenzi zazo eziphambili - ukuthwala intsingiselo lungelelanisa: isenzo, njengoko enjalo, ngaphandle Ngokubhekiselele ungubani, ixesha kunye nendlela yokusebenza (ukufunda, ukubhala, baleka, ukucula).

Kule fomu, bakwazi ukuthetha kwizivakalisi indima ngamazwi, kunye kwimo evumayo. Ukuba ekupheleni nethi livela, iba nesenzi lobuqu okanye ixesha ebelidlula.

Olunye uhlobo umi yesenzi - gerund - kubonisa inkqubo ukwenza isenzo kwaye abunjwe hayi isiphelo, kodwa okufana le yinxalenye isimamva intetho.

isandiso

Isihlomelo ebengasoze njengenxalenye eguqukayo kwintetho. Ngawo la amazwi ngaphandle ekupheleni, imizekelo ebonisa ukuba bangaba kuba zamabinzana ngaphandle kokutshintsha udidi ntetho.

Indima iziyelelane kulwimi - zibonisa iimeko ezongeziweyo isenzo. Nangona zinentsingiselo lungelelanisa, ngenene ukuzimela yinxalenye esingenayo.

Umzekelo, i "slow" okanye nesantya "fast" ucebisa ukuba umntu esenza isenzo. Kodwa ngaphandle isenzi akucaci into busengozini. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo nayiphi na enye nezihlomelo.

Ngoko ke, ubutyebi kweendidi zegrama, njengoko isenzi okanye isibizo, akunjalo, yaye akukho efunekayo. Ngapha koko, intsingiselo esisiseko kwaye ivakalisa intsingiselo lungelelanisa ye isimamva uphawu kwezihlomelo.

izihloko Own ulwimi lwasemzini

Phakathi izingqiniso, yaye ngoko obungenasiphelo, woba uninzi amagama amazwe: Rio de Janeiro, Mississippi, "Peugeot". La magama kakubi zabelwe isimaphambili, ingcambu, ophela nesimamva.

Isizathu soku - inkalo kwenkqubo yolwimi lwasemzini. Ezinye izinto babonakala umntu uninitiated kuyafana kakhulu ukuya ulwimi Russian, nangona eneneni sijamelene homonymy interlingual kwi morpheme ethile.

Kukho, Kakade ke, kukho uluhlu yonke amagama afanayo ukuba beze ulwimi lwethu yaye babe yinxalenye yenkqubo yayo ntetho: Sahara - Sahara, Andes - kwi Andes, iRhine - Rhein. Kodwa iimpawu ezinjalo kuphela kuphela Russian yaye akukho ngokunxulumene iilwimi zomthonyama loo mazwi.

ubutyebi morphological

Philology uyazi amagama amaninzi ngaphandle emsileni, imizekelo apho ezisetyenziswa kwintetho yemihla ngemihla yonke abantetho isisiXhosa. Ukuba nokwenzeka ubukho bezi wemiqondiso inikwa ubutyebi morpheme neentsingiselo zegrama.

Hayi kuphela ukuphela ukutshintsha imilo la magama, kodwa izimamva. Ukongeza, amaxesha amaninzi waphawula xa isiphelo igama elinye limi isalathisi iindidi zegrama elinesibini. Elo ke leli lizwi iqhosha ifuna Oxhomekeke le fomu, leyo abayinqobo kwaye yena: ingubo ongwevu, ingubo ongwevu, ingubo ezingwevu, ingubo hina.

Kananjalo IsiNgesi uninzi amagama ngaphandle emsileni, kunye neendidi zegrama ahleliweyo ngokusebenzisa izalathandawo ezibangela kube nzima kakhulu kuphononongo lwabantu-abathwali iilwimi Slavic, ezo kakhulu kuphuhliswa neziphelo lo wesiqhelo, ebonisa uhlobo oluthile ilizwi.