Yintoni ikhadi ingxelo? Apho le iqhelekileyo ilizwi?

Kuba baninzi elithi "itafile" linxulunyaniswa yesikolo kumabakala. Kodwa enyanisweni, eli gama liye iintsingiselo ezininzi. Xiya leswi ikhadi ingxelo nalapho kakhulu baye bahlangane eli lizwi. Kodwa kuqala, siya uphando imvelaphi yayo.

etymology

kunzima ukujonga imvelaphi "ikhadi ingxelo 'kwikota. Intsingiselo yegama elithi iye yatshintsha ngaphaya ingqalelo. Kungenzeka, oko kubolekwe eNetherlands ulwimi (Dutch), apho tabel eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "itafile." Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo tabula lesiLatini liye iintsingiselo ezininzi: itafile kunye nebhodi.

Kukho uluvo lokuba lo gama iingcambu Greek - ukusuka tablaus okanye tavla - ". Kumdlalo checkers, ngedayisi ze wechess kwibhodi okhethekileyo zama" aze aguqulele engaqhelekanga kakhulu,

It intsingiselo Hellenic lo gama liguqulelwa Russian. Tavleya okanye Tavlya - Old Igama Russian somdlalo saseYiputa Checkers. Indoda achitha nexesha lokuphola, ebizwa tavleyschik.

nokuhlola

Yintoni ikhadi ingxelo, uya kuphendula wonke umfundi. Le theyibhile okhethekileyo equlathe uluhlu lwezifundo kunye grades amathuba athile (nyaka, unyaka, ikota) inkqubo yemfundo.

Uvavanyo abafundi ngoncedo amanqaku iye yaziswa kwinkulungwane XVI njengendlela eyenye Iindlela Zokohlwaya Ngaphandle Kokubetha. Kwihlabathi kukho isixa esikhulu iinkqubo zovavanyo lolwazi. Ukusuka njengesiqhelo bolulelwa thina (-point ezintlanu) ukuya kwimodyuli-rating.

inkqubo yovavanyo: anika umdla

Digital, incwadi okanye ingxelo ikhadi lenzala - ixabiso yovavanyo kuxhomekeke koko ilizwe wena.

• Amazwe amaninzi oonobumba bokuqala abathandathu be-alfabhethi Latin (A, B, C, D, E, F) lisetyenziswa kunye nenkqubo digital.
• EArmenia, Georgia, Moldova, Belarus kunye Albania wasebenzisa isikali yohlolo.
• Kukho isikali-point ezintandathu eBulgaria, Poland kunye Germany.
• E Finland isikali isusela ku-0 ukuya kwi-10, kodwa lalingenziwa amanqaku ngaphantsi kwe-4 yingozi.
• ERashiya, Austria, Hungary, Serbia, Czech Republic kunye Turkey amahlelo-1 ukuya kwisi-5.
• Inkqubo yoqeqesho eFransi, 20-ngongoma, njengoko kwi US - kwisikali samanqaku ayi-100.
• uqeqesho Isikali esimanqaku-12 e Moldova kunye Ukraine.

Table of kwezikhundla

Igama kwakhona une ezibalulekileyo ezimbalini. Yintoni i "Uluhlu sezikhundla '? Kuyinto ummiselo uPetros Enkulu I, nto leyo ndakhululwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII. Isenzo umthetho equlathe itafile (table) amagosa kwaye malunga ne-19 amanqaku (izinto) ukuba uyicacisile.

Ngenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo ka-Peter I ngokubonakalayo landa inani seteksi kunye nezikhundla kwi izixhobo karhulumente kunye nomkhosi. Yaye i "Uluhlu sezikhundla" yena nabo bonke ezintlwini ukuba iiklasi ezithile, ngoku oko kukuthi-14.

itheyibhile Petrovskaya Innovative yayibandakanya 263 isikhundla kunye nenani elifanayo izikhundla kwakunye nobume (Knight Order of Andrei ekwakuphila). Yaba Umyalelo wokuqala Russian, kude ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, eli bhaso liphezulu yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Iimeko eziye ezibhaliswe kwi "Uluhlu sezikhundla" wavunyelwa ukuba umntu ukusuka kwiiklasi asezantsi ukufumana indawo, isikhundla, okanye mhlawumbi nokuba isimo.

Youth ombaxa

inendlela Ulwimi okanye slang ulutsha yahluke kakhulu ukusuka boncwadi. Umzekelo, i "obangela" liguqulelwe ngokuthi "mzalwana big" yaye "kucacile" - nokutshitshisa okanye ukwaliwa nantoni na. Ngamanye amaxesha uyakwazi ukufumana neologisms yokuqala, umzekelo, "pelmmillion" ithetha imali kudliwe amadombolo omkhulu.

igama elithi "itheyibhile" lidla afumaneka ngolwimi usiko zale mihla. Intsingiselo kakhulu ngokungaqhelekanga. Ibhodi slang kulutsha (itheyibhile) libhekisela kumntu. Ke ibinzana elithi "imini abakhona ithuba" eliguqulelwa ngokuthi iholide.

iholide abasebenzi

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII kwenzeka idabi adumileyo Poltava. Kule mfazwe, uPetros A. woyisa umkhosi kaKumkani Swedish Karl XII. Imbeko olu loyiso sibalulekileyo loMlawuli Russian (Peter I) wenza Juni 27 Kuhleliwe iholide.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ikhalenda elula wambi ibizwa ngokuba' amaxesha ". Xa icwecwe lengxelo, ikhalenda iqulathe uluhlu labasebenzi, iiholide zikawonke-veki. Kwakhona kuba itafile imini-ezintlanu okanye ngeveki ukusebenza imini-ezintandathu. Le theyibhile-iikhalenda ulwazi wambi ezikhoyo ngobude avareji kwintsuku zokusebenza.

Timecard izimali

Accounting naliphi na ixesha timesheet umbutho umsebenzi kuyinto ebaluleke ngokugqithisileyo. Yintoni ikhadi ingxelo? Olu xwebhu okanye itheyibhile eyodwa accounting apho ulwazi irekhodi malunga ngeentlobo zemisebenzi (esebenza ubusuku nemini uhambo) kwaye inani leeyure zomsebenzi (3, 5, 8). Oko ikhona zombini kwi ebonwayo (iphepha) bookmark us ze-elektroniki.

Kutheni ikhadi ingxelo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umqeshi nomqeshwa? Yinto elula kakhulu. Oku kusetyenziswa ukubala i-mvuzo eyaneleyo. Kwaye eli xwebhu bubungqina lobukho umsebenzi emsebenzini kunye nokwenziwa imisebenzi yabo.

Njengoko siye safumanisa, "itheyibhile" liye iintsingiselo eziliqela, maxa wambi kakhulu engalindelekanga. Lo gama inokufumaneka esikolweni, kumaxwebhu zembali kwisebe accounting yaye slang molozhonom. Etymology kwakhona ifanelwe ingqalelo, kuba akukho lu dityanisiwe sithathwa mihla.