Ukwala ilifa obuphathelele namanye amaqumrhu: i-bha yempazamo

Imiba Ilifa zilawulwa kwi Icandelo V kweKhowudi Civil. Xa ngokungqinelana nemigaqo, njengoko ezihlangwini ukuze babe ngabemi abasaphilayo ngexesha kuvulwa ityala, kwakunye ikhulelwe ukufa umniniyo, bazalwa emva kokufa kwakhe. Isibonelelo ekhoyo ayiboneleli kuphela komntwana kodwa eli ligatya ilifa obuphathelele nabanye abantu. Cinga ngakumbi iimpawu zayo.

kuqala

Enoba intando, ngokungqinelana nemigangatho ye-Civil Code of ukuhleleka, ukuba ilifa bekhuthazwa kwizalamane igazi womfi. Ngelo xesha, abanye abadlali nako ezihlangwini. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, kuquka abantwana obamkele njengabakho, amaqabane ukusinda, urhulumente, njalo-njalo. Imithetho ilifa ezi umgcelele-8. Eyokuqala abazali, umyeni / inkosikazi kunye nabantwana womfi. Secondarily benza abazalwana noodade (umzekelo rwxrwxrwx negazi ngokupheleleyo), umakhulu / uyisemkhulu utata / umama. Le ezihlangwini elandelayo iza kuba anti noomalume womfi. Xa engekho kwiindlalifa enjalo yipropathi izalamane oswelekileyo umnini uya kuba 3, 4, isidanga 5th phakathi kweentsapho. A udidi eyahlukileyo lubandakanya izifundo abebengaxhomekekanga kumfi ngonyaka ubuncinane omnye phambi kokufa kwakhe. Ngokutsho inqaku 1148-th le Civil Code of abemi abakhubazekileyo ukuba ezihlangwini par kunye nabantu ubize efolisiweyo ngokulandelelana.

Overview

Ixesha elide non-legacy ingqamana kunye ulwamkelo lwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, kungenzeka zomthetho batshintshelwe kwezinye ezihlangwini kwisifundo angathi, zingaphelanga iinyanga ezintandathu ukusuka kumhla lokuvula ityala. Ukwandiswa kwexesha avunyelwe kwezinye iimeko, nelona nokwamkelwa ilifa, ukuba ngummi unako ukubonisa isizathu sokuba ezilahlekileyo le kota. Ukudlulisa indima yawo ibe ngumba inani elithile abamlandelayo. Ngelo xesha linye ilungelo lokwala ilifa ukulinganiselwa eziliqela. Alandela abanqwenela ukudlulisela inxalenye yayo, kufuneka bazazi iziphumo le mfazwe. Ukwala ilifa wakhetha omnye hayi abantu engange.

Okukodwa

Ukwala welifa wakhetha abanye abantu yindlela olunye-deal. Ngako oko, ukongeza kwiimfuno ezizodwa, ukuba imithetho yakhe jikelele abalulandelayo. Ukwala ilifa wakhetha abanye abantu baya kuba ukuthanda ezihlangwini. Kulo mba, zonke izenzo zakhe iziphumo kuye kuphela, ngaphandle kwezinye iimeko.

Ukwala ilifa lomthetho

Njengoko sesitshilo ngasentla, ukudlulisela inxalenye yayo ezinye izifundo ezihlangwini kunokuba kuphela iinyanga ezi-6. Xa ndiphoswe isongezo eli xesha ayivumelekanga. IMigangatho ebekwe iimfuno phantsi elikhuphe ukwala ilifa. Isicelo isampuli luquka ulwazi malunga ezihlangwini, wayithumela inxalenye yayo, ipropati oludlulayo, ukuchazwa ukuthanda sifundo. Ukongeza, uxwebhu kufuneka anikele ulwazi malunga ngabemi, ngubani na oya kuba uxanduva ezibambekayo kunye yezomthetho kunye namathuba ezinxulumene nazo. Iinkcukacha zinikezelwe ngendlela ukuze ukwazi phambili nokuchonga ezihlangwini nganye ngokumalunga senza eli ligatya ilifa. Isicelo isampuli esayinwa ummi okanye ummeli wakhe. Ekupheleni xwebhu ithi umhla yobhaliso. Lwemibandela isabelo selifa zigqithiswe uligqwetha, ishishini phambili. Ekubeni ezihlangwini kwayo ubhaliso ulahlekelwa ithuba ukuthenga yinxalenye yipropathi ungasekhoyo zingamashumi.

Ukwalelwa fa ngokuthanda

Standards umisela iintlobo ezimbini ngokulandelelana. Ilifa na kwenziwa le nkqubo jikelele. Kulo mzekelo, abo bangena kunye odolo zazo ephambili esekwe norms. Ukongeza, umnini enze umyolelo. Kulo mzekelo, abo bangena zizinto ezikhoyo echazwe ukuthanda kwakhe. Ngelo xesha emiselwe ngokuthanda kwaye wabelane lamalungelo zabo. Nangona kunjalo, bonke abo bangena banethuba ukudlulisela iiyunithi zabo kwezinye izinto ezikhoyo. Ziindlalifa ngeke nje ngabantu zomthetho emzimbeni, kodwa oomasipala kunye karhulumente. Ukudlulisa indima yawo kunokuba zombini phambi nasemva zokwamkelwa propati. Oku kufuneka kulandelwe iimfuno ezithile. Kule meko kwenza ingxelo kukulahlwa kwawo ilifa. ikhontenti yalo iyafana ngasentla. Imigangatho usethe umda ixesha amanyathelo. Kwakhona ulingana kwiinyanga ezi-6. Kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu, isihloko kufuneka bazobe isampuli non-lifa, makangenise uxwebhu ukuya izivumelwano. Umxholo, ukongeza kwezinye iinkcukacha, kubonisa uhlobo ngokulandelelana. Umfaki-sicelo mabaqaphele ukuba arhoxise inxenye bakhe wakhetha omnye indlalifa ngokuthanda, anike iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo malunga kwaye ukuthanda oswelekileyo. Kule meko kufuneka athobele iimfuno yeSiqendu 1158 yeKhowudi Civil, ukuqonda uhlobo ngokusemthethweni iintshukumo kunye neziphumo kungenzeka.

izithintelo

Umthetho iqulathe uluhlu lwabantu wakhanyela inzuzo leyo akuvumelekanga. Oku kukwasebenza, nangona ukuthanda ezihlangwini. Ezi zifundo zikhankanywe ngasentla ziquka:

1. amaqela esithathu besive iindlalifa.
2. Evinjwa kahle. La mashishini ngaphandle kumnini kwaloo myolelo.
3. abamlandelayo ukusondela kuye. Ezi zidalwa akanakungena ilifa isigqibo senkundla. Uluhlu ikhankanya nqaku 1117 ye-Code Civil. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, kuquka izifundo ukuba izenzo ezingekho mthethweni ngabom ukuzama ukufezekisa umsebenzi wabo zoludwe okanye ukunyusa inxalenye kwabangelwa kuzo okanye kwabanye abantu. Uluhlu kwakhona kwakukho abemi ngolunya aloluhlobo imisebenzi enxulumene kunye nomnini umxholo.

Ezi zithintelo ziyimfuneko ukukhusela iimfuno mpahla, kunye nezinye ezihlangwini kunye nezalamane zabo.

izithintelo ezongezelelweyo

Imimiselo ye-Code Civil esekwe amatyala, xa isifundo eso ukufumana kwepropati, akakwazi ukwenza ukwala elifeni obuphathelele nabanye abantu. Bafundisa ngo 1158 inqaku th yeKhowudi. Kungaliwa:

1. Isabelo enyanzelekileyo kuzo ilifa.
2. Ukususela impahla, ukuba zonke eyenzelwe izifundo ezithile ngokungqinelana ngokokuthanda oswelekileyo.
3. Xa podnaznachennom yindlalifa.

Ngaphandle kwezihloko legatee ngasentla. iimpawu zayo kumiselwa Inqaku 1160 ye-Code Civil. Ngokukodwa, ukuze ukuzirhoxisa ilifa nangokomyinge nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba ngokulandelelana. Esi sibonelelo umisela inqaku 1137 kweKhowudi. Noko ke, ukuba unalo ilungelo lokuba ukuncama inxalenye yakhe phofu. Ezinye iimfuno ukuze kuphunyezwe esi senzo ezifana nezo isicelo meko zikhankanywe ngasentla. Ukuba legatee lisebenza yindlalifa isiseko ethile, ukwamkelwa okanye ukwaliwa ilifa akusayi kuchaphazela inzaliseko iinkqubo malunga nepropati.

imiphumela

Ukuba iqumrhu ugqiba ukuba bashiye inxalenye ngenxa kuye ukuba abe ulawulo jikelele kwaye ngokungqinelana nokuthanda, kufuneka siqonde iziphumo kwesi senzo. Kungakhathaliseki ezenzweni ixesha (ngaphambi okanye emva kokuba adoption), iziphumo sisoloko ziyafana. Lumshiye ubutyebi, nto leyo kulindeleke umyalelo yolandelelwano, umntu uya kukwazi ukuthatha indawo yakhe, okanye ukubuyisela isigqibo sayo. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo alinakuphikiswa nje kuphela kodwa nakujikwa. Ekubeni transfer ngesigqibo salo, ekhutshwe kwi iimfuno, ezihlangwini le izivumelwano obumisiweyo ngonaphakade balahlekelwe ilungelo labo kuyo impahla. Ukuba intando wawuqondiswa, okunokwenzeka zomthetho ngokunxulumene aseti eziphathekayo ezityalwa phambi kwisifundo, yiya abemi, uthe kwingxelo. Xa isigqibo ngokupheleleyo, ukuba ziyafumaneka kuzo zonke ezihlangwini yomyalelo jikelele.

into ebaluleke

In Art. 1158, isiqendu 3, kulawulwa ngokwesiphumo loo ukulahleka zonke ii-asethi kungayanyaniswa kwesi sifundo. Oku kuthetha ukuba indlalifa ukuze ukuzirhoxisa into ethile, inxalenye okungeyomfuneko kuyo. Lo mthetho kukuba ekuqhubekekeni kuthetha ukutshintshwa yonke impahla ephela ingatshintshanga. Emva kokuba ukungaphumeleli indlalifa ngenxa, isasazwa phakathi amaqela aseleyo ngokomlinganiselo kwizabelo zabo.

Iimfuno wihi wo yingisela

Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela imiqathango nemigangatho malunga zokwala ubhaliso, mhlawumbi kubhengezwa njengento elilize nengekhoyo. Ngokukodwa, oku akuvumelekanga ukuba:

1. Kwakungekho imvume ukugada nokugcinwa imizimba. Kuyimfuneko, ukuba kukho ukusilela ngaba ogula / ezincinci.
2. embodiments Ukusilela khona.
3. Ukutshintshelwa ilifa senziwa egameni labantu Awunamalungelo ezifanelekileyo.
4. Ugcino kunye nemiqathango.

escheat

Zibizwa aseti eziphathekayo, esala kungekho kwiindlalifa, ukugxothwa zabo, ukungabikho kwabo amalungelo ukuba ezihlangwini, engafuni bonke abantu ekuthatheni impahla ngaphandle kubantu abathile, endihleli ubabalo ukuba kwenziwe. Escheat, nelilelona gumbi ophilayo, ibekwe kwi kummandla Russian Federation, kuba yipropathi kweloo MO. Ukuba ise-Fed. ixabiso, ke kuthatha lo mmandla. Le ndawo abahlala iqukiwe izindlu injongo lwentlalo. Okunye escheat iba yimpahla Russian Federation ngokulandelelana wokulandelelana ngumthetho.

isiphelo

Ukwala ilifa kufuneka yokuzithandela. Kulo mzekelo, isifundo owenza isenzo esinjalo kufuneka baqonde neziphumo zayo. Kwixesha elizayo, umntu akakwazi ukutshintsha ingqondo yakhe, abuye indawo yakhe. Kulo mba, phambi kokuba enze ingxelo, kufuneka ahlole ngenyameko iingenelo neengozi isigqibo. Kwezinye iimeko, imfuno uthumo ingqalelo inkqubo lilawulwe bubukho yetyala ungasekhoyo. Ngapha koko, ngokutsho komthetho, kunye namafa kudluliselwa abo bangena kunye nezibophelelo yomnini. Kwabanye abantu, lukwa onzima. Noko ke, akusoloko ukulahlwa ilifa yindlela kuphela ngaphandle meko. Phambi kokuba bathathe isigqibo, uyacebiswa ukuba ukudibana igqwetha kunye noluntu uligqwetha, ehamba ityala.