Ama-Blackberries: ukuvelisa, ukulima. Izifo zeBlackberry

I-blackberry i-half-shrub yecandelo elincinci kunye neengqungquthela ezixhamlayo zentsapho yaseRosaceae ekhula kulo lonke iNyakatho yeNtlabathi. Le nkcubeko eneenkcenkceshe ezinamandla, ezinokukwazi ukungenelela emhlabathini, ngoko-ke ayifakalisi nakubusika obukhulu. Kwakhona, ngenxa yokuzaliseka ngokupheleleyo kwengcambu, isityalo sinokumelana nokulula komlambo omfutshane. Kwaye ngoku abaninzi bayazibuza - njani ukukhulisa ama-blackberries?

Ukunyamekela

Inkcubeko ifuna ukunyamekela, kuba ingqalelo ngokungafanelekanga kweso sityalo, ukubonakala kwayo akunakwenzeka nje kuphela, kodwa ukuvelisa kungaphinda kuhleni. I-Blackberry ithathwa njengesiqhelo esinokufudumala nesithandayo. Uyayithanda ilizwe ngokusabela ngokungathathi hlangothi kunye ne-weak acid acid. Umhlaba wokutyala awufanele ube mkhulu, kodwa kwiisisisi kufuneka ulahlekise ukhula. Ngexesha leentyantyambo zezibaluleka kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba unomswakama, kodwa awukwazi ukuvumela amanzi ahlawule. Isityalo asikhuthazeli indawo yamanzi kunye nezikhukula, kwaye ukunakekelwa kwe-blackberry kunokuba nzima kakhulu.

Emva kwemvula okanye ukuthambisa, umhlaba kufuneka uhlahlele ubunzulu be-8 cm, ngelixa uzama ukungaphuli izimpande ezincinci. Imigca kufuneka ixutywe kunye ne mix mix organic. Ukuba i-blackberry iyakhula kumhlaba omanzi, umhlaba ongekho kakuhle, ke ingubo ayiyi kucetyiswa.

Ukunisela i nkcubeko

Kukholelwa ukuba isityalo sinqabile isomiso, kodwa sikhetha umswakama. Ngenxa yoko, akufuneki ukuvumela ukutywa komhlaba, ngakumbi ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo. Ukususela kumlambo ohlala ixesha elide, inxalenye engaphezulu kweenkcubeko ixineke kakhulu: amahlumela amancinci asinayo ithuba lokukhuphuka ngokufanelekileyo, amaqabunga asele asele aqala ukuwa, kwaye amajikijolo asele anomileyo kwaye aphelile.

Ukongeza kwi-moisture yomhlaba ozinzile, ukunakekelwa kwe-blackberry kudinga ukunyuswa kwamanzi. Kule nkalo, ngexesha lomlambo omdala, kubalulekile ukupakisha amahlathi emini.

Iibhokhwe ezincinci kunyaka wokuqala wobomi emva kokutshala kufuneka zihlale zimanzi, zigcine umhlaba unomswakama. Ukunkcenkceshela kwenziwa kuphela ngendlela epholileyo yokumisela amanzi. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ukunkcenkceshela kuncitshiswe kube yincinci, kwaye ngasekupheleni kwekwindla, phantsi kwehlathi ngalinye, kuyimfuneko ukuthulula ukuya kuma-30 ilitha amanzi, ukuze isityalo singabi qhwa ebusika.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Njengawo onke amasiko asegadi, i-blackberry idinga ukutya okunokulinganisela. Ukunyuswa kwezondlo kubonakala kwinqanaba lomsebenzi osebenzayo, ukukhula kunye nezimbali. NgoMeyi-Julayi, xa iibhola ze-blackberry. Ukuzaliswa kwakhona kuwela ngeli xesha. Ngeli thuba, bayondla amahlathi kunye nezichumisi zamaminerali. Nangona kunjalo, isiko akufanele sithathwe, kuba oku kungenempembelelo embi kwisivuno kunye nemeko yeehlathini.

Kwinqanaba lokutshatyalaliswa, isityalo sidinga i-potassium, ngoko kufuneka udibanise nayiphi i-potassium yokugqoka okanye uthele i-bush kunye nomxube we-ash (200 g ye-ash nge 10 litres zamanzi). Ngethuba lokuzalisa iziqhamo, ukufakelwa kwefestile kuqhutywe ngento enobuncitshisiweyo yamaminerali, amaqabunga ahlanjululwa ngesisombululo esongezwa nge-potassium, i-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus. Naluphi na ukugqoka okuphezulu kusetshenziselwa emhlabathini kuphela emva kokuxutywa.

Indlela yokongeza umbandela womcimbi

I-blackberry, inkcazo esinike yona, ikhula endaweni enye malunga ne-10-15 iminyaka, ngoko ke, emva kokutshala iminyaka engama-3-4, i-organic fertilizer (i-peat, umquba, umgquba omgqugquzelayo), kunye nokuchumisa nge-chick Imifuno.

Umcimbi wendalo uhlala wongezwa ekwindla ekwindla, apho umgca wendawo ukhululiwe kwaye wongezwa kwi-1 sq. UMngabi ngaphezu kwama-5 kg omquba, ukuphazamisa 40 g ye- potassium sulfate kunye no-30 g we-superphosphate. Ngethuba lempuma, ngokukhawuleza ukuba kwakhiwa ama-ovari wokuqala, isityalo sinyanzelwa nayiphi na i-nitrogen fertilizing (urea okanye i-nitrate ye-nitrate). Kodwa ekupheleni kwehlobo, awukwazi ukunika izichumisi zamaminerali-oku kungakhokelela ekuphuhliseni ngokukhawuleza kwenkcubeko, kwaye amahlathi ayilungiselele ngokwaneleyo ubusika.

Blackberry trim

Ngentwasahlobo, nangaphambi kokuba kusekwe amaqabunga e-budding, amasebe aphulwe kwaye asomileyo emva kokubusika anqunywe, kunye neentonga zezihlumela ezibanjwe yingqungquthela kwi-ovary yokuqala. Izihlahla zengqungquthela yonyaka wokuqala wokubunjwa ziphantsi kokunciphisa kabini: ngoMeyi, ukwenzela ukuba kusebenze ukukhula kwee-stalks ezixutywayo, inxalenye ephezulu yehlumela iyanqunyulwa ukuya ku-5-7 cm, kwaye ngo-Julayi, i-8-10 cm yezithsaba zalawo masebe akhule ixesha elide ngaphezu kwama-50 cm atyunwe. 6-8 yeenkqubo ezizinzileyo, abanye basuswe kuphela.

Indlela yokucoca izihlahla ezivuthiweyo

Kwiibhasi ezindala, ngaphezu kweemeko eziqhekekileyo kunye namaqabunga, entwasahlobo zonke izihlumela ezibuthathaka zifutshane, zishiya ama-5-10 amahlumela enempilo entlangeni. Amasebe asematyaleni anqunywe ngendlela enokuba nama-ovari angu-8-12. Ukuprintwa kwamabhakabhaka kuya kugqitywa kukuba kwinqanaba lezityalo kubalulekile ukuba ususe iifomthi zengcambu ezakhiwe phezu kwehlobo, zilondoloze kuphela ezo ezikhulile ukususela entwasahlobo (nje ukuba ziya kuzala isiqhamo ngonyaka ozayo).

Amagatsha ase-Spring kufuneka anciphise ngexesha lokukwindla ekuphakameni kwe-1.8-2 m. Ukongezelela, kufuneka ukuba unqunywe zonke izifo ezigulayo, kubalulekile ukunqumla zonke iinkqubo zonyaka wesibini phantsi kweengcambu emva kokuba sele zigqibile ukuvelisa.

Blackberry: Ukuzaliswa

Abahlali basehlobo basehlotyeni basebenzisa iindlela ezininzi zokuzalisa izityalo.

1. Iifompi ze-apical. Le ndlela ilungele ukusabalalisa iintlobo. Ngethuba lokusukela ngoJulayi ukuya kuAgasti, kunye neengqungquthela zangaphambili, zenza iindlela ezingama-30 cm ezijule kwaye zandise iintonga ezivuthiweyo. Emva koko, zihlanganiswe ngomhlaba. Ngaphambi kokuba ihluma ebusika imele ithathe ingcambu, kodwa ingakwenyuka. Ngokufika kwamahlumela entwasahlobo kungasuswa kwiinkcubeko ze-uterine kwaye ubeke kwindawo esigxina.
2. Imiqhamo yokusika. Ukususela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba ukuya kuphakathi kwe-Oktobha, kufuneka uhlume ngokupheleleyo kwisiqithi kwaye ususe onke amagatsha, kwaye usike inkqubo yeengcambu kwi-cutberry cuttings (Kufike ku-1 cm ububanzi kunye no-7 cm ubude). Ukuvuna izixhobo eziluhlaza zigcinwa kwisanti, zibala endaweni epholileyo. Ngentwasahlobo, ngokukhawuleza ukuba umhlaba uvuseleleke, kuyakufuneka ukuba wenze ama-grooves ukuya kwi-15 cm enzulu kwaye ufake indawo yengcambu apho kuyo yonke i-20 cm. Emva koko gubungela izinto zokulima kunye nomhlaba onomanzi kunye namanzi kakuhle. Ngethuba lehlobo, ukunyusa, ukuhlambela kunye nokucinywa kwamanzi kuya kwenziwa. Ngekwindla yokuqala, izityalo eziphilileyo zimele zivele. Ukufika kwi-300 entsha izityalo zitholakala kwisiqhamo somama okhulileyo.
3. Umsuka ukhula. Naliphi na i-shrib e-blackberry inokukhupha ukuya kuma-20 amahlumela amancinci ukusuka kwingcambu minyaka yonke. Ngethuba lokusukela ngoMeyi ukuya kuJuni, xa amagatsha afinyelela kwi-15 cm ubude, kufuneka ukhethe iziqhamo ezinamandla, uzihlukanise ngokucophelela kwiqonga eliphambili uze ufike ngokukhawuleza kwindawo kwindawo esigxina. Isiganeko esinjalo singenziwa ngexesha lokuwa, kodwa izihlahla azikwazi ukuhlala ebusika, kwaye i-blackberry ayiyi kukhula.
4. Ukuzaliswa ngokuhlukana kwamahlathi. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa kuphela ukuba inkcubeko ingaqali izihlumela. Ihlathi licutshulwe kwaye lihlulwe libe ngamacala ama-5-6, nganye nganye apho amasebe amancinci ama-2-3 agcinwe. Izinto ezivelisiweyo ziveliswe kwindawo esigxina.
5. Imbewu. Uninzi lweentlobo kwi-seedflow dilution ziyakwazi ukudibanisa izikhombisi zabazali ukuya phezulu. Iimbewu zivame ukuqokelela kwinqanaba lokukhula ngokwaneleyo kwaye ubusika zifakwa kwindawo epholileyo yokucwangcisa. Ngomhla ka-Matshi, bathabatha imveliso yenkalo, bayihlalise iintsuku ezimbalwa kwi-stimulator yokukhula okanye amanzi ancibilikileyo, kwaye batyale kwisitya ukuya kwi-8 mm ezulu. Imbewu ihlala ihlaziywa kwaye igcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa lama-degrees angama-20. Izityalo zokutyala emhlabathini ovulekileyo zingenziwa emva kokusekwa kwamaqabunga ama-4. I-Blackberries, ekhulile ngale ndlela (ukuveliswa kwayo ichazwe ngentla) iqala ukuvelisa izityalo kuphela ngonyaka we-4.

Izifo zenkcubeko

Ukuze uhlale unelisekile kwisiqhamo esininzi, kufuneka uqaphele impilo yemifudo, uthintele ubukho bokhula kumqolo ophakathi, ixesha elide lokuhlaliswa kwamanzi okanye isomiso. Izifo eziphambili ze-blackberry:

• I-Anthracnose - ichaphazela ama-berries, ingafunyanwa ukusuka ekupheleni konyaka, idala ukungalingani kunye nokulibazisa ukuphuhliswa kweziqhamo.
• Ukugqithwa yisifo esitshabalalisa amaqabunga amancinane kunye neziqu. Ngaphandle libukeka njengamabala obomdaka, linciphisa umveliso ukuya kuma-60%.