Abalindi Bakomkhulu: inkcazelo, iimpawu, imbali umdla facts

Abalindi Bakomkhulu, wazalwa kwiminyaka yeRiphabliki kwaye samkelwa phantsi uBukhosi, kamva wadlala indima enkulu yezopolitiko. Kunye Abalindi ekuthini abalawuli kususela okungafunwa kokuba shift, yaye athile ukuba athabathe itrone, ngokusesikweni eseleyo abagada abalawuli kunye consuls.

ukuvela

Ngokusesikweni, umseki le balo yokuqala lakomkhulu yi Agasti. Yaba nguye owadala ukuyilwa yokuqala ezinjalo emkhosini. Noko ke, naxa inkqubo republic sele likhona iiyunithi. Iinjengele ayirhawula amajoni esondela, abahlobo bam yabaKhululwa, abo abagada nokuxhasa amanani ezinkulu emkhosini. Baye ayithunyelwanga ku yokoyisa ezikude, kwaye wayesoloko wahlala naye "nkosi."

Kufuneka ke ukuba iQela Labalindi Bakomkhulu kwasekwa ikakhulu kubafana yemeko ophezulu entlalweni. Abantu abaninzi bangathanda ukuba babe yinxalenye yeqela. Kutheni? Ngenxa ifakiwe ekubunjweni abafana enjalo zona zibe phantsi kolawulo, ukuba ufikelelo neembasa bazizityebi, ukongeza, inkonzo yabo nga ri ngokuqatha le legionaries. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo yinto yokuba yokudlala ukukhula omsebenzi ngokukhawuleza.

Abalindi e Augusta

Augustus wadala a iiyunithi Bakomkhulu kuphela nje alungise ukuba imikhosi komda, yaye babekwa zonke iimbombo Italy. Kwikomkhulu, kwakukho-3 kuphela qela. Xa zizonke, xa iqela lakhe 9 ukubala abantu 4,500 zadalwa. Xa intloko nganye owayemele lakomkhulu.

Augustus inani amajoni kwisahlulo ngasinye iqeshe abantu 500 kwixesha elizayo, eli nani liye lakhula waza wafikelela 1000, yaye mhlawumbi 1500 ukuya kowama-III BC kwekhulu. e.

Augustus yena engazange bagxila eRoma amaqela ngaphezu ezintathu iQela Labalindi Bakomkhulu. Emva Augustus, phantsi uTibheriyo, le yonke indlu yomkhosi, kukho 14 amaqela abo, ukuba ibekwe ikomkhulu phantsi umphathi enye. Yaba namandla.

Amalungelo kunye neempawu Bakomkhulu

Ngokungafaniyo amaRoma ababekhonza engama-25, le Abalindi kwinkonzo kangangeminyaka eli-16. Noko ke, imivuzo yabo ngomyinge we-330% yaba ngaphezu koko labadlali kwamanye amazwe abo bahlala kumaphulo abasisigxina kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwiimeko ezinganyamezelekiyo. ABalindi Bakomkhulu ukuba ahlawule intlawulo elungileyo ezikhundleni zabo Wesuka ukunganeliseki inkonzo, nto leyo enokukhokelela revolution.

Abalindi bengaxeli ukuthumela kumaphulo zomkhosi kwaye inxaxheba kule ezinqabileyo kakhulu. Kodwa eli yelenqe na umntu wokuqala, kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kuzo ngemihla bukhosi.

Iqela ibe imiqolo abemi Italy kunye amaphondo angabamelwane kudala subordinated eRoma. Ulutsha odume kunye namagorha abanezakhono bafunwe iQela Labalindi Bakomkhulu. Imbali ke nangoku utshintshe umyalelo yoqobo ezibekwe Abalindi. Kwakhona bazama ukususa umlawuli Septimius Severus lonke iQela Labalindi Bakomkhulu bese yazuza ezintsha, kodwa phakathi imikhosi Danubian, ngubani nikela kuye.

Ngexesha ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo Abalindi ambethe ingubo, impahla ingqalelo wabanumzana, nezityebi. Balo kwi amalaphu anomyalezo ebonisa eni yomphathi, nosapho lwakhe, kunye namagama amadabi ophela ngomhla uloyiso kaKesare.

The main umsebenzi

Abalindi Bakomkhulu waseRoma ingqalelo uxanduva oluphambili ukukhusela umlawuli nentsapho yakhe. Kufuneka iqondwe into ukongeza amaqela kuhlala aBalindi Bakomkhulu, t. E. Itotali, yaba ngamava eyahlukileyo, nomthetheli lixesha yomkhosi, naphantsi ngqo kumlawuli. Ezi onogada lobuqu soMhlekazi, olu sapho lwaluquka ngamagosa, abahlobo, amadoda anegama, kwakunye njengenxalenye mabutho. Nokufika ngumlawuli omtsha ukwakhiwa kwale qela itshintshile. Umzekelo, ngo-Agasti kulo wabumba ukusuka amaJamani, yaye xa Yuliyah-Claudian ukusuka eBatavia wambumba yomkhosi.

abagada zobuqu ze umlawuli baba undoqo yakhe. Kithi data kwi inani kwecala ekhethekileyo. Kwakugcwele amajoni 1,000 kwaye yinkokheli yabo kuthiwa waka, gama elo elithetha "zamawaka." Ngexesha ubukho yabalindi, kwada 312 BC. e., kwabakho utshintsho rhoqo kumafa zabo. Oku kubonisa nempembelelo ophezulu nkqubo labo ngaxa lithile kwimbali, okanye iimbopheleleko kwi eyongezelelweyo njengoko amajoni.

Eminye imisebenzi: amabutho yangaphakathi

Kufuneka wathi uBukhosi baseRoma ngexesha kuphuhliso zembali akazange abe umkhosi zangaphakathi. Ngoko ke, ngenxa balo lakomkhulu bakhonza abavikeli nommandla wayo. Ke ukuba lonke uBukhosi, kanye ngakumbi kumaphondo, bezisesigangeni eGibheyon kwamabutho aseRoma, abajongene nokhuseleko, uxolo nozinzo imimandla ethile Italy umkhosi onjalo akazange yayingekabikho.

Enyanisweni, Italy wahlala ngaphandle ukhuselo. Kwaye sidale Augusta yaBalindi Bakomkhulu wadlala indima amabutho zangaphakathi. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, kwi imizi Italian kunye needolophana agqogqa ngezigaba nesabasilaleleyo, ukulwa sebenzi yanikwa balo lakomkhulu.

iinkonzo zamapolisa

Umsebenzi umzabalazo elide kunye nabaphangi akazange enze aBalindi Bakomkhulu, t. To. Kungekudala bonke balo kubekwa eRoma. Ukususela ngelo xesha ukuya esisiseko yokhuselo umsebenzi loMlawuli ngaphandle abaphangi ekulweni esongezwa nabanye. Abalindi Bakomkhulu, ibutho ezidolophini kunye Vigilius wabukela umyalelo yangaphakathi esixekweni, yaye bexakekile imililo yokulwa.

Ngokumalunga yamapolisa, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iRoma sele BC ngenkulungwane II. e. yaba ingumasipala, kukho abemi 1.5 million. ngaba sixeko sikhulu ehlabathini, ukuze lowo wahlala kwenkulungwane ngaphezu kwesinye. Hi ndlela leyi, abemi baseRoma mihla nje 2 kabini - malunga nezigidi ezi-3 zabantu. Bhe, ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukubulala, ubusela baba zixhaphakile eRoma.

A Inani enkulu iindawo ezimnyama negalelo ekwandeni kolwaphulo mthetho. Ntsasa nganye, baye bafumana imizila olwaphulo-mthetho ngohlobo lwemizimba abemi lezityebi. imeko Criminal wakhathazeka kakhulu njengoko kuKhesare, kwakunye njengabemi abaqhelekileyo ka eRoma. Ngoko ke, akumangalisi ukuba aBalindi Bakomkhulu wenza njengoko nakubagcini komthetho nocwangco.

umsebenzi umlilo

Xa imeko nomlilo akukho ngcono. Emizini mihla yonke ababhekisi bafuna ukusondela kufutshane embindini kunye abafuni ukuba izakhiwo zazo, ukuba akhulule kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Ngoxa eRoma, imeko efanayo. Ngenxa yoko, esitratweni ufumana elimxinwa kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha uNero kwiziko eRoma kaThixo waba ababini kuphela izitrato ububanzi (4-5 no 6,5 m), omnye ayafika ububanzi buziimitha 2-3. Uninzi ezitratweni zonke iindlela kunye nemizila.

qhalo ngakumbi ngale nto yokuba abahlali yezindlu ezingabamelwane ukuba abingelele omnye izandla behlunguzela ngefestile. imeko Criminal kwakhokelela ukuvela ezipokothweni lomlilo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ikomkhulu: ngenxa kufutshane nezindlu omnye komnye umlilo zanwenwa kakhulu kulo mzi.

Xa kwimbali neRoma imililo, leyo ecima ngexesha inxalenye enkulu yesixeko. Ngoko ke, kunye nokugcinwa komthetho lwangaphakathi kunye nemisebenzi umyalelo abacimi akhethekileyo. Lo mlawuli, ngokwazi oku, unyanzelekile Bakomkhulu ukulwa umlilo.

anika umdla

Abalindi Bakomkhulu waseRoma, kuphazamiseka kwimbali wezopolitiko Kudinga indawo ebalulekileyo, wadlala akukho indima ngazo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko - kwaye zonke izigqibo.

Abalindi inxaxheba phantse zonke ezi ziganeko. Abanye abalawuli babulawa nonogada zabo. Umzekelo, uCaligula kunye Commodus. nababusi Bakomkhulu rhoqo emva ukubana soMhlekazi ngokwabo laba yintloko bukhosi. Umzekelo, Macrinus emva iyelenqe ngempumelelo kunye nokubulawa umlawuli Caracalla, waba ngumlawuli. Emva kokuba ixesha wokulawula Marcus Aurelius Abalindi Bakomkhulu waba mercenaries kubulawa.

Ukutshatyalaliswa Institute Abalindi kwaba ebudeni bolawulo loMlawuli Constantine, ukutshintshwa adumileyo eyinkunzi ukuya Byzantium, kamva ogama eConstantinople, ngoku Istanbul. Yaba nguye kunyaka 312 BC. e. Wabubhangisa aBalindi Bakomkhulu, esithi "a zaqalwa yentaka esisigxina kunye uburheletyo."

Ukushwankathela konke oku kungentla. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo aBalindi Bakomkhulu, ekuqaleni wadala ngenjongo yokugcina ucwangco nokukhuselwa ziintombi komlawuli, yaba yinyoka. Baye baba umatshini ukuze ukubana "abalawuli ezingafunekiyo." Kwangaxeshanye, amaqela sikhonza abantu ababuthathaka uBukhosi bagxothwa nokugcina womelele, nokubethelela oko urhulumente yonke. Nozinzo eyinkunzi, ngokufanelekileyo, ubukhosi waba elenziwa ngokupheleleyo abalinda umlawuli. Ngoko ke, impendulo elula umbuzo ngubani Abalindi - "Izilo" okanye "abongikazi" - ezinzima kakhulu.