Ulwazi olusisiseko malunga eMoscow. History of eMoscow. eMoscow yanamhlanje

EMoscow - yenye ezinkulu izixeko ehlabathini, isixeko apho izihlandlo ezininzi ukuba isigqibo, ezibulalayo ngenxa yabemi kumazwe lonke kunye amazwekazi. Rhoqo ngonyaka kukho abakhenkethi bamanye amazwe million 4-5. Yaye abaninzi kubo elithi "Russian", "eMoscow" yaye "yesicelo" kwezinye ngengqiqo kuyahambisana, yaye musa ukuzama ukuya ngaphaya ukhenketho isixeko yemveli ukubona ezinika kancinane yaziwa kwaye mihla le elikomkhulu, kwakunye aqhelane ngembali yawo. Kodwa elidlulileyo kwalo mzi ngeyona umdla, kunye neziganeko ezenzeka apho yonke imihla.

ulwazi olusisiseko malunga eMoscow

Ngokutsho kunyaka-2014, eMoscow inabemi abantu 12.108.257, 91% kubo Russian. Uqhekekile umzi omi phezu lomlanjana enye, kumbindi waseMpuma European Plain. Ngelo xesha eMoscow ngumzi ukubaluleka federal, apho phantse onke amalungu ezibalulekileyo igunya likarhulumente, ukongeza kwiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko we-Russian Federation.

Imbali eMoscow

Nangona Kuthathwa ukuba isixeko yasekwa ngonyaka 1147th, iziphumo zakudala kubonisa ukuba ubuncinane iminyaka 1000. Kwakhona kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba abemi zokuqala kwezi ndawo babe vyatichi. Ngaloo ndlela, umhla ngqo wesiseko awaziwa eMoscow. Kutheni na ngoSeptemba 6, 2014, lo nyaka kwikomkhulu Russian yabhiyozela isikhumbuzo 867th lo mzi? Isibakala sokuba inkcazelo esisiseko malunga eMoscow phezu iinkulungwane zokuqala ikhona iqulethwe odumileyo Ipatiev Chronicle. Ingakumbi, le apho unokufunda ingxelo yokuqala kwilali enegama elifanayo, ibekwe kwisayithi kwisitalato umbumbi mihla. Le oqingqiweyo uncwadi yamandulo ikhankanya intlanganiso kwidolophu le Moscow Prince uYuri Dolgoruky Svyatoslava Olgovicha, kwakunye nabahlobo babo 1147, unyaka 'isithende ukuze kudunyiswe uThixo ", apho, ngokutsho abaphandi' imini izibalo, elithetha ngoMgqibelo 4 Epreli.

Ukongeza, ukusuka yemihla kuyaziwa ukuba emva kweminyaka 9 unyana Dolgorukogo Yuriya - Andrew Bogolyubskii - isekelwe Borovitsky endulini elenziwe ngamaplanga inqaba yokubonisela encinane, nto leyo kwaku enesihlwele esinzima njengenkosana. Le inqaba, waza waqalisa ukuba eMoscow. Imbali lwesixeko luquka ulwazi yokuba ngo-1177, unyaka inqaba ubudala itshiswe Prince Gleb - umlawuli Ryazan, kwaye endaweni yayo wakha entsha.

Imbali esingangonyaka eMoscow

Ngenkulungwane ye-13 isixeko yaba liziko i ubulawuli ozimeleyo yaye wasinda nokuhlaselwa mkhosi mkhulu kunene, ubhubhane isibetho, kwakunye uhlaselo ukuphanga inenkohliso kunye nomkhosi Khan Tokhtamysh kule minyaka ili-100 izayo. Nangona zonke ezi meko, eMoscow kuxhaphaka ngoku kwelinye lamaziko kwezoqoqosho, kwinkcubeko, inkolo kunye nezopolitiko ezibalulekileyo Russia. Ingakumbi kakhulu sokuphuhlisa isixeko ngelo xesha akazange Prince Ivan Kalita kunye nguDmitry Donskoy. Ingakumbi ulwazi, ezisisiseko eMoscow ukuba ngowokuqala kubo oki xesha ibonisa, kwaye eyesibini - omhlophe-ilitye yesicelo.

Isiganeko esilandelayo obalulekileyo kwimbali ye eMoscow waqalisa isihlokomiso Ivana Groznogo Tsar of eMoscow All Russia, kunye nokusekwa apho le ngubhishophu ngo-1589.

EMoscow ukusuka 17 ukuya kwinkulungwane yama-20

Okuchaza ukwanda indima ebomini wesixeko Russia ngexesha ookumkani zokuqala Romanov ubukhosi, xa yayilikomkhulu karhulumente, leyo intsimi enkulu. Nantso ke into pre-Petrine Moscow leyo! Imbali umzi kwinkulungwane elandelayo naye olungenayo iziganeko umdla. Noko ke, ukususela 1712, unyaka saba likomkhulu St. Petersburg, kodwa zonke ngookumkani, lowo waya etroneni yoBukhosi baseRashiya, baqhubeka isithsaba eMoscow. Ngaphezu koko, ngo-1812 isixeko yaba ngumgibe omkhulu ebumlilorha kukaNapoleon kwaye zikhuselwe ilizwe lakhe.

EMoscow kule nkulungwane yama-20

Emva revolution ka-1917, esi sixeko saphinda kwimo yaso eyinkunzi baqalisa ukutshintsha phambi kwamehlo ethu. Ngokukodwa, eMoscow kwakukho komhlaba, eMoscow yakhiwa, waqala uphuhliso esebenzayo ledlelo bangaphambili. Kwangaxeshanye, lachithwa ezikhumbuzo ezininzi izakhiwo zonqulo, kuquka oyiNgcwele Monastery kaKristu uMsindisi Cathedral, iCawa kwingcinga, kunye nabanye.

Ukususela ekuqaleni nokubunjwa kwayo "eSoviet" eMoscow. Imbali eli thuba, esi sixeko iqulethe iphepha kabuhlungu ezinxulumene uyaziphendulela zobugorha ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, xa amakhulu amawaka amadini ubomi babo ukuze hayi ukunika utshaba ukungena ikomkhulu ozithandayo. Gqitha yaba mhla xa odumileyo Red Square imikhosi Day Victory, leyo kwaphawula ukuphela kwemfazwe kakhulu ezoyikekayo kwimbali yabantu. Njengoko kwisithuba post-imfazwe, isikhumbuzo 800th ka eMoscow, ukuqalisa ukuyilwa isithethe ke yabhiyozelwa ngowe-1947, nto leyo usaphila namhlanje, yaye ngowe-1950 Wabonakala ekuthiwa-"Oodade Seven". Phakathi kwiziganeko ezibalulekileyo kwenzeka elikomkhulu yiSoviet Union, kufanele kuqatshelwe kwakhona iiOlimpiki-80, apho amaziko ezemidlalo ezitsha isixeko 15 ziye zakhiwa kwaye kwihotele efanayo.

Ukuqala kwexesha post-yiSoviet kwimbali eMoscow

Njengoko yaziwa, yiSoviet Union folokohlo 1991, kwaye ke imephu kwezopolitiko zehlabathi wabonakala Russian Federation, okanye njengoko kubhaliwe eziqhele ekubhekiswe kuyo ehlabathini, eRashiya. EMoscow saba likomkhulu karhulumente federal kunye kwintsimi kakhulu kakhulu ehlabathini, eziquka izifundo 85. Ngowe-1995, kwaye kwavunywa imiqondiso amatsha gosa kwengqukuva Russian njengoko iflegi yayo, imifanekiso kunye umhobe.

Eku sunguleni, ukubuyiselwa kaKristu uMsindisi yasha yi kwiBolsheviks, kwakunye nezinye iindawo eziphakamileyo zonqulo kutshatyalaliswa ngexesha lemvukelo. Ngoko ke, i eMoscow mihla waqala ukwakha, ngokusekelwe izithethe kwiinkulungwane zangaphambili.

Eziphawuleka kakhulu inkunzi entsha izakhiwo yezakhiwo

Ukususela ekuqaleni kowama-2000, ezinde ezininzi zitshintshile imbonakalo sixeko sakhiwa eMoscow. Phakathi kwezi zinto ume ngaphandle kwesakhiwo i-International Business Centre "Isixeko Moscow", apho ibekwe phezu ummandla ummandla lilonke malunga 100 yeehektare. Ukongeza, yayakhiwe kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezilungiselelwe izindlu kunye neeofisi. Ngenxa yoko, i-eMoscow yanamhlanje ebegqwese similise okwaloo mzi, apho izakhiwo ezinemigangatho, iinqaba zeglasi kunye ngekhonkrithi anisezizo lwepaki. Nangona kunjalo, izakhiwo ezinjalo ngamanye amaxesha "wakhula" kwimimandla yimbali ayiphange imbonakalo labo, njengoko ingeyiyo ngokuvisisana engqongileyo komhlaba wedolophu. Ngethamsanqa, ngo-2008, indlela yokwakha ebizwa ngokuba "uphuhliso", yavalwa.

ezikhumbuzo amatsha kwesihloko

Xa wokugqibela ezinomtsalane amabini eminyaka kwiSabi eMoscow othe ezikhumbuzo ezininzi ezintsha turobektov. Umzekelo, ukuba umdla sculpture "Abantwana - amaxhoba imikhuba abadala". Kwakhona ziindwendwe mzi Loxwebhu eni oqingqiweyo ka Amaqhawe amabali ngu Conan Doyle, litye lesikhumbuzo Nikulin, Fountain "Pushkin and uNatalie", Luzhkov Bridge. Kakade ke, singasathethi ke lesikhumbuzo ingxilimbela uPetros Omkhulu, owathi, nangona ukungqubana izimvo malunga ixabiso layo obugcisa, uye waba ngomnye ezinika ezaziwa kakhulu namhlanje kwikomkhulu. Ukongeza, kufuneka ubone ngokuqinisekileyo lesikhumbuzo ukuze amaqhawe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, eyasekwa ngo-2014.

Kweli nqaku, umelwe kukuba izisekelo Moscow, imbali yayo kunye ezinika mihla. Esi sixeko inebhongo Russia. It wonke kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba babone ngamehlo abo.