AES-2006: Iprojekthi Russian wenyukliya kwisikhululo isizukulwana esitsha

Isimanga, kodwa kude enye kwezo awona zamandla ithathwa ngokuba enyukliya ...! Kwaye, ngokubanzi, zako zizizathu. Ewe, izityalo amandla enyukliya avelisa inkunkuma eyingozi, kodwa inani labo lincinane noko, yaye uluntu kudala wabafundisa ukuba namandla into yiglasi apho engekho phantsi umhlwa kwaye mazigcinwe kangangamawaka eminyaka ezingaphansi komhlaba.

Ukuba elinokuthelekiswa nelo labo iimali ingozi lwabo uthuthu lweziko kunye carbon monoxide, leyo zikhutshelwa emoyeni mn, i-atom kuba ikhuseleke ngokucacileyo.

iiprojekthi ezintsha

Ukongeza, i-eneji ngokuqhubekayo asebenza kulo lonke ihlabathi, ukudala isizukulwana esitsha izityalo amandla kwi-atom. Siye, umzekelo, kwixesha elidlulileyo kude kangaka kwathiwa NPP-2006. Le projekthi ngokupheleleyo isityalo esitsha amandla enyukliya. Ukuba uphuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa iyaphumelela, siya kukwazi ukwakha amandla enyukliya ngakumbi ezinamandla, kodwa ekhuselekileyo. Uxanduva lokuphuhlisa Institute of Nuclear Energy, apho iingcali ayiphumelelanga kwimisebenzi yabo ngokugqibeleleyo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwakusazeka ukuba isityalo esitsha amandla yabangela umdla olungagungqiyo basenokuba ngabaxhamli e-Iran, kunye UAE. Ngokubanzi, akumangalisi ke, ekubeni ezi States amava elide kunye lizwe lethu.

iimpawu ezinkulu zesakhiwo

Qaphela ukuba izakhi eziphambili naliphi yenyukliya zezityalo igunya ezifana AES-2006 i "iziqithi" ezimbini: zeMveli kunye nuclear. Ngezo ndlela yokugqibela zonke izakhiwo kunye neenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi ukuguquka amandla enyukliya abe ngamandla obushushu, kwakunye elektroniki kunye nezinye izixhobo, nto leyo unoxanduva ukhuseleko yenkqubo. Ngako oko, le "kwisiqithi" yemveli - yinto iindlela Gnostic kunye neenkqubo ezikuvumela ukuguqula ubushushu ibe umbane. It yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu:

• Turbogenerator.
• Electrical Engineering.
• Cogeneration.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo injini wenkunkuma egumbini i NPP-2006, ekubeni ukuba amandla thermal iguqulelwa umbane oluyimfuneko ukuze umntu. Isebe yombane walungiselela ukwanda okanye abaguquli ukuncipha okufakwe kuyo "remade" yi amaxabiso ezinqwenelekayo ukuthutha.

circuit Ubushushu zange ziphuhliswe kwaphela mveliso amandla enyukliya, kodwa apho inoxanduva ukutshintshwa abathengi eneji thermal (amanzi ashushu kumsebenzi womnatha zokufudumeza isixeko, umzekelo). Okwangoku, zonke iinkqubo ezenzekayo kwi enyukliya yemveli "iziqithi" ziphantsi kolawulo rhoqo lwezixokelelwano elektroniki enokuthi ngokuzenzekelayo ivalwe phantsi reactor xa kuthe ingxaki encinane.

Ulwazi Device "iziqithi"

Njengoko unokuthekelela, zenyukliya engundoqo "kwisiqithi" usoloko ophethe reactor. Nguye iinkqubo efunekayo, olubi ubushushu, ukupholisa, ulawulo elektroniki kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela. zonke reactor yesibini ilawulwa ngu wombuso, ukufunda nezithelekiswa imigangatho ngendlela oluzenzekelayo. Ukuba ubuncinane ezithile ukufunda zinokwahluka kakhulu,-elektroniki nangoko ichukumisa i alarm ukuba abasebenzi ulawulo besemsebenzini.

Kwimeko i "siqithi" emveli singene indawo esembindini eli gumbi injini. ufakelo esiSiseko: turbogenerator, amafu mendo, ukufakelwa zokufudumeza engundoqo kunye namanye amacandelo abancedisayo. Zibalulekile kakhulu, njengoko AES-2006, ngokuvisisana nolwazi umbhambathiswa, uya kuba nako ukunika zokuhlala ngokusondeleyo wesikolo bebekwe ngokwahlukeneyo omnye, hayi umbane kuphela, kodwa ubushushu.

injini

Enyanisweni, oku iquka reactor kunye njengesipholisi nokuthetha ngqo ngeebhloko ze amafutha enyukliya. Le nto ndiyibhalayo kaloliwe emine ejikeleza kunye neyunithi amafu. Kwakhona, kukho umbane umphunga eziliqela, iifriji kunye nezinye izinto encedisayo. Njengoko kulula ukuthelekelela, wesiphaluka wokuqala - Radioactive, njengoko transfer ubushushu layo eliphakathi ngqo abafowunelwa amacandelo ayikhuphi amafutha radiation.

Ngako oko, isiphaluka sesibini is non-radioactive. Oku kwakhona ezikucaphukisa kakhulu umbane, imibhobho umphunga, iiyunithi turbine kunye neeyunithi nokucutheka kunye iimpompo, kunye nezinye izinto. Products of operation kule zeesekethe ayikho yingozi abasebenzi kunye engqongileyo izityalo medium, njengoko amafutha ngqo okanye njengesipholisi ephambili radioactive musa qhagamshelana.

wenza njani wonke umsebenzi?

Ngoko, xa ubushushu kwisekethe yokuqala udlula core reactor, itshiswa uze kungenela singenelayo ezine loop kobushushu olongezelelweyo. Ngeli xesha, ubushushu ikhutshelwa yomtya yesibini. Emva nokuwela kubananisi ubushushu njengesipholisi olusezantsi kwakhona core reactor ukufudumeza. Ukubolekisa Water - banyanzelwa kwimibhobho yeempompo.

Umahluko omkhulu zohlobo entsha lwesityalo amandla

Iiprojekthi ezahlukileyo uhlobo olutsha izityalo zamandla enyukliya avela iintlobo zemveli zezityalo hlobo? Umahluko ibalulekileyo - nsimbi epheleleyo. Power isityalo enobunye ngokupheleleyo zonke iintlobo ngengingqi kunye neemeko zemozulu. Oku kuquka ukwakhiwa zombini-GET kwaye emhlabeni ethambileyo, kuquka kwimimandla apho ziintshukumo zenyikima kubhalwa rhoqo.

Ukuba ufuna ukwakha isizukulwana esitsha zezityalo yenyukliya amandla apho esisigxina iimpembelelo nochuku lwangaphandle (amanzi olwandle, kukungazinzi wenyikima), le projekthi nje kwenziwa utshintsho kwangaphambili echaziweyo. Isakhiwo ngokwawo ngexesha elifanayo akatshintshi.

amanyathelo zokusingqongileyo

Iiprojekthi amandla enyukliya ezintsha zibandakanya inani elininzi amanyathelo ejolise ekunciphiseni umngcipheko ezinokosulela bume imisebe. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa isixa esikhulu iinkqubo zokuzikhusela. Ngexesha lokwakha igxininisa izinto ezifana:

• Ziko Section.
• isakhiwo Auxiliary ukuba amagumbi backup reactor.
• sikagesi likaxakeka iinkqubo ugesi station.
• The main injini generator ebekwe.

isakhiwo reactor - okona kubaluleke kakhulu, yonke amaseko sakhiwe "kwisiqithi" zenyukliya ngeenxa zonke kuye. Ukuba kukho izityalo umphunga, ngokunjalo iindlela ifriji kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ukongeza, le projekthi bekumele entabeni ngabavelisi backup kwisibaso engamanzi, athi abenoxanduva amandla pump kwegazi le kwiimeko apho isikhululo ngokwayo ngenxa kagesi ingozi ayisa kuvelisa, kodwa kwangaxeshanye Ukupholisa engundoqo reactor kusenjalo kuyimfuneko. Sothi ukhuseleko izityalo zamandla enyukliya of isizukulwana esitsha ukumphakamo.

ezinye izinyathelo

I-reactor zonke iindawo ezingqonge ukhuselwe omkhulu kabini-eluswini, nto leyo ethintela nokuhlangulwa macandelo kobutyobo kunye amafutha enyukliya ukusuka kwi-reactor xa iingozi kunye nezinye ezingxamisekileyo.

Ukongeza, kumagumbi ekhethekileyo eluncedo inkqubo yokucoca amanzi anzongonzongo, umphunga, inkunkuma ibekwe. Yonke umoya Steam namaZiko aDala Units kuphindwa izihlandlo ezininzi, ukuba zokunciphisa iingozi kunye nezinye izehlo ezingemnandi. Ngokubanzi, isityalo samandla senyukliya (izithombe kule material) - into kabani yokhuseleko bekuya kuba umona nkqu iiyunithi umkhosi kunye neziseko.

Namafa - eza kuqala!

Zonke izinto zokhuseleko esebenzayo oxhulumene kwi umthombo bucala amandla, ukuze nkqu imo yonxunguphalo Ukuzinza yomsebenzi yabo iphazamisekile. Izakhiwo iiprojekthi ezintsha izityalo zamandla enyukliya basekhaya ibekwe kwi umgama liphezulu kakhulu enye kwenye, kangangokuba xa ngozi into vuhlayiseki yenzekileyo. Yiloo nto ke umahluko phakathi iprojekthi NPP-2006 apho thina nje kuchaziwe ngokwemigaqo jikelele.

Ezi mpawu ezikhethekileyo gumbi reactor

Kwimeko yebakala yakutshanje reactor kwamandla enyukliye yobulali esetyenziselwa (EDM) B-392M. Kakade ke, oku kuquka kuphela ufakelo, kodwa condensers, umbane umphunga, izikhululo zokumpompa kunye namanye amacandelo zeteknoloji ebalulekileyo. Ukuba sithelekisa sonke esi imifuziselo zangaphambili izikhululo, kwakunye nokuphuhliswa iinjineli amazwe, umxube zasekhaya yahlukile ngenxa eziluncedo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:

• It yanyuswa ngokubonakalayo impumelelo ngokuthi kusetyenziswe uhlobo olutsha zepetroli, kodwa ke zamandla kakhulu ezintsha ingasebenziseka nendala.
• Sisebenzisa uxilongo inkqubo yakutshanje interactive, ukuvumela ukufumana ulwazi malunga nemeko node nganye.
• inkqubo wokulawula we engundoqo reactor nako ngcono kakhulu.
• Ubomi inkonzo izixhobo engundoqo landa ubuncinane ukuya kwiminyaka engama-60.
• Elona xabiso liphezulu kutshiswa amafutha enyukliya yakwazi ukwandisa nangoko ukuya ku-70 MW.
• Siphela inciphisiwe.

Ngenxa yoko, ishishini amandla enyukliya Russia unayo yayo isixhobo esitsha enamandla eya kuvumela komeleza ngakumbi amandla ukuzimela lwelizwe lethu.