Sergey Eyzenshteyn: Autobiography, ubomi lobuqu, PIU. Photo Eyzenshteyna Sergeya Mihaylovicha

Igama Sergeya Eyzenshteyna yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi negama lomnye wabaseki ubuchule bhanya, kwakunye inkosi enkulu Russian avant-garde. yobuciko bakhe awufi nangoku asetyenziswe Film Institute njengoko iincwadi kokufaka nokuqondisa.

umqondisi legacy

Kulo nyaka-2025 uya kuphawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-100 ka obukhulu kuzo cinema yehlabathi, umboniso "inqanawa" Potemkin "." Sergei Mikhailovich wayeneminyaka engama-27 kuphela ubudala xa amhluba loo tape. Bambalwa uyazi yintoni nyaka wazalelwa Sergey Eyzenshteyn, waza waphila iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kuphela (ukususela 1898 ukuya 1948). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngoxa kokuba lawona maxesha anzima kwaye ezibuhlungu kwimbali yelizwe lethu.

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ogama PIU kuquka malunga namashumi amabini anesihlanu iifilim, kunye nesiqingatha kulunge kubo zimalunga Mexico, yashiya ilifa ekhethekileyo, hayi nje kuphela kweli uhlobo bhanya-bhanya. Oku Textbooks kwakhona kunye neencwadi ukulungiselela abafundi cinema. Ingqokelela epheleleyo yemisebenzi ngumlawuli siquka yimiqulu elishumi elinanye. Kubo ungafunda inkcazelo umdla malunga nendlela kukho ixesha awayephila kulo waza wasebenza Sergey Eyzenshteyn. Philaretus esongezelelwe iileta, amanqaku ukusebenza, izincoko kunye namanqaku.

World of Abalawuli Eisenstein

Famous umlawuli film uMikhail Romm wabhala memoirs bakhe ukuba umsebenzi wakhe wafundela film Eisenstein kaThixo "inqanawa" Potemkin "." Waye ke umlawuli yomfundi yaye baba nethuba kusebenza studio ukuhlela "Mosfilm". Michael I. amane amaxesha lihlaziye odumileyo "inqanawa" Potemkin "," zihlalutywe ngocoselelo yaye bafunda wosana, isandi, abalinganiswa, iingxoxo kunye isakhelo zezikhali inkqubo engathethekiyo.

Alfred Hitchcock ingqalelo ngokwakhe ngumfundi kunye umlandeli zethu umlawuli omkhulu. Akazange ukufihla yokuba umsebenzi kusetyenziswa iindlela zakhe kusungulwe Sergei Mikhailovich. "Saspiens" yakhe edumileyo, oko unqumamo kakhulu, kwempixano ngomtshini, ukudala unxunguphalo umoya - ngokusebenzisa ubuchule ka Eisenstein, ezifana: Iinkcukacha yendalo novakalelo namalungu ngamnye, iimbono ezahlukeneyo, ukuhla ngesiquphe nokwandisa into kuyehla nokukhawulezisa ixesha ngokusebenzisa izakhelo obandayo enesingqi, imisindo, mnyama, njalo-njalo ..

Family & Abazali

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ogama ubomi lobuqu ebudaleni - imfihlelo emva lwaloo macandelo asixhenxe, kwakunye ezininzi oogxa bakhe abaziwayo, kwaye ootitshala akazange adale usapho zabo. Nam umfazi okanye abantwana bakhe obzavolsya. wasola ukuba abazali, Nezingathanga amnike imfundo efanelekileyo mbandela. Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ogama ifoto siboniswa apha ngezantsi, yathinjwa ecaleni unina noyise kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu ubudala.

Emva ngehlazo kakhulu ukuba kwenzeka ngo-1909, ubomi bentsapho yabazali waba uthotho rhoqo amanyundululu kunye isuke enogonyamelo. Little athandekayo Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuphulaphula uMama utata, rhoqo evula amehlo akhe phezulu. Mama uthi Sergei, uyise - ulisela olitshijolo, noyise wakhe, yena, ingxelo ukuba unina - bethenga umfazi. Ekugqibeleni, ngowe-1912, xa Sergei wayeneminyaka eli-11 ubudala, abazali bakhe umtshato aze asasazeke. Xa isigqibo oyiNgcwele Sinodi wenkwenkwe wahlala kunye noyise.

Umtshato abazali kuqwalaselwa ukungalingani. Umama, Julia Ivanovna Konetskaya, kwafika kwintsapho esisityebi. Uyise, ummeli abaziintsizana kwiklasi ezidolophini, weza eSt Petersburg evela Tikhvin. Kukho benza umsebenzi subcontracted, uyiqwebe ingqukuva encinane wazeka intombi zomrhwebi esisityebi. Kuthe ke wavula ishishini lakhe - "Neva barzhnoe Inkampani".

UYise umlawuli elizayo, Mihail Osipovich Eyzenshteyn, yaba iingcambu Swedish-yamaYuda. Ukuba indoda Yulii Ivanovny Konetskoy yena perevoz e Riga, apho wazalelwa, kunye nonyana wabo kuphela, Sergei.

Inkangeleko umbindi Riga kubangelwe ikakhulu kwimisebenzi Mihaila Eyzenshteyna. Kwindima yakhe ngumzobi intloko yesixeko, wakha izakhiwo ngaphezu amahlanu ezintle Art Nouveau. Basaba ahombise ikomkhulu Latvia. UMikhail Osipovich zizakubalulwa ngenkuthalo enkulu kunye neempawu zoshishino elungileyo. Kwafuneka umsebenzi ngempumelelo, unyuka usiya isikhundla noCeba State. Kwaye wanika abantwana bakhe ilungelo izikhulu amafa.

Sergei Mikhailovich italente

Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni ekuqaleni, uyise, Mihail Osipovich Eyzenshteyn, wafundisa unyana wakhe ukuba ufunde. Waza wamnika imfundo ebalaseleyo. IsiNgesi, isiJamani kunye French Sergey Eyzenshteyn ophethwe phantse ngokupheleleyo. Kungekudala le nkwenkwe bafunda ukuhamba, ukudlala umculo kwi ipiyano, ukuthatha imifanekiso. Njengoko ngendlela angawaconganga umntwana onengqondo, ngomdla omkhulu ekuqondeni inzululwazi ezahlukeneyo ndisolulela ngezinto ezintsha. Ukongeza, ayiqabe kakuhle.

nalawa ezininzi kunye neekhathuni, isiqulatho ngamanye amaxesha engaphucukanga kakhulu, wabenza baba badala, wanika ukunyuka ukuya mbutho Imiboniso umdla kakhulu. Sokuqala senzeka ngowe-1957 e-eMoscow. Kwixesha elizayo, iziketshi ahlekisayo, iikhathuni, imizobo zedrama kwanobuhle ukulungiselela umdlalo, zokusingatha okuya kwiifilim, imifanekiso kwezifundo yebhayibhile noncwadi, kwakunye imizobo eyenziwe ekuhambeni kwakhe eYurophu naseMelika, walihamba lonke ilizwekazi eYurophu naseMelika. Ngapha koko, iifilimu amabini kuphela - "Alexander Nevsky" yaye "Ivan Grozny" - Sergey Eyzenshteyn wenza ngaphezulu kwama-600 imizobo.

Uyise Sergeya Eyzenshteyna wayefuna ukubona umyili unyana wakhe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngo-1915 Sergey wangena Petrograd Institute of Engineers Civil. Ngeli xesha abazali bakhe abazahlulayo, noyise babehlala eBerlin kunye nenkosikazi yakhe entsha.

abafundisi

Uyise ngokomoya Eyzenshteyn Sergey Mihaylovich waziva umlawuli nkundla enkulu Vsevoloda Emilevicha Meyerholda. Waqubuda kuye izithixo. Kukholelwa ukuba ubuhlakani ububi umntu akabi ukuvana, kodwa Meyerhold ubomi bakhe wakhanyela eli bango amaxesha amaninzi. Sergey Mihaylovich Eyzenshteyn, engobomi - isihloko nokuqwalasela wethu, ubhala malunga ootitshala bakhe owalathisa wokubonelwa oku: Meyerhold wayenobuchule ekhethekileyo ukufunda, hayi ukunika abafundi ulwazi luncedo. Eisenstein uthi zonke iimfihlelo le umlawuli Meyerhold, wabona wahlanganisa ngokukhawuleza njengoko beza kube indlela umdlalo.

Ngokulambisa ukuqaphela imiqondiso kwetalente kuyo nayiphi na abafundi, Meyerhold phantsi bhaxa omnye okanye omnye nangoko ndalahla ingozi imbangi. Wayesenza Meyerhold ngokuqhelekileyo abafazi. Wahamba yena Eisenstein.

Ukuba Meyerhold wayengafuni ukwabelana ngolwazi lwabo kunye nabafundi, umlawuli Sergey Eyzenshteyn, phezu koko, bonke ubomi bakhe kwaye italente babeka phezu ekudalweni imithetho jikelele ye cinema, awathi ngeliphandle ezichazwe kwiincwadi zakhe phezu ubugcisa cinema. Handbook bhanya ehlabathini lonke baba 'Art of mise en ndawo "akhe," Mizankadr "," Ufakelo "," indlela "yaye" imvelo akanankathalo. "

theory film Building

Ngaphandle kokuba wezakhiwo, njengoko njengoyise, Eyzenshteyn Sergey Mihaylovich, Noko ke, awashiyileyo ukuba umzobo umdla oganogram indlu, ezichazwa 'ekwakheni ingcamango cinema. " Esi sicwangciso abaya kuthathelwa ingqalelo jikelele. On akukho nje lula ukudubula eshukumayo, oku kwakhona kokufanelekileyo ukuba uphuhliso izicwangciso zokuphuhlisa cinema ngokubanzi.

Isiseko kuyo yonke isakhiwo - indlela dialectics, oko kukuthi, ingxoxo, intsebenziswano, ungquzulwano kunye nentsebenziswano elungelelanisiweyo. Kwi indlela bakuwufunqula ipleyiti elandelayo - indoda oludlulisa. Phantsi kwale nkcazelo, ibhekisela iindlela apho abantu ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zabo kuluntu.

Ngaphezu, phezu ipleyiti "ibinzana zabantu", ziintsika ezine - le mizankadr bokubanga, mise en ndawo kunye kwinqakwana. Ezi ntsika, ngakumbi ncam, izinto ngokudibeneyo, nge ufakelo, ukudala umfanekiso efunekayo ochaphazela ingqiqo yokucinga yabantu. Konke oku kunye yi bulumko wobugcisa, kulo mzekelo, i movie. umsebenzi oluthe vetshe umboniso ibandakanya olunzulu Ukufunda yokuhlalisana kunye nobugcisa. Oku nakanjani, njengoko mngeni ejongene umboniso, sanda, ukuphucula ubugcisa, ukwandisa abasingethe abaphulaphuli, imigangatho umgangatho ababasukela. Sabeka iflegi yoyilo kunye elithi "indlela film".

Impixano eziqhuba art

Igama elithi "ungquzulwano" - njengoko isiseko apho ukholwayo ubugcisa - kwinkqubo yokwakha kwethiyori ifilim engekhoyo. Noko ke, Sergey Eyzenshteyn wayeqinisekile ukuba impi kwakungamandla awayeqhuba kuzo zonke iinkqubo zombini uqhelaniso ubugcisa nezonakalisayo. inkolelo yakhe isekelwe kumava akhe ekukhuleni kwabo, xa esenza kid nesmyshlony yajika ukuba ube yinxalenye nje ngeziganeko ezukileyo kunye enyundululu ezenzeke phakathi kwabazali. Kuxhomekeka zazilele kuyo zokusingatha, xa kungekho nabanye abalinganiswa, uyabandakanyeka utata mama njani ubungqina ukonakala kwezinye, somlali indlela yokucombulula ukuba ngubani na elungileyo yaye ngubani na ephosakeleyo, njani ngumtyholwa yobomi babo ulusizana, njengoko ezithile umculi ngamaxesha cwaka bekhubeka iqabane. Yaba ibhola, besuka omnye kubo ukuya kwenye. Loo ubomi na ungquzulwano rhoqo ayikwazanga mayifakwe kwi Sergei Mikhailovich Outlook. Ungquzulwano iye zendalo, usenokuba uthi, yindawo yokuzalela kuye.

Ukuhlaziya ezidlulileyo yakho, Sergey Eyzenshteyn ubhala athi isazela abantwana bakhe akuzange isenzo esisodwa etshabalalisayo abantwana azalwa zesiqhelo. Akazange kuyaphula zokudlala, ayikwazanga ukwenza le iwotshi ukuze ubone into ngaphakathi kubo, ayikukha ibenzakalise i iikati nezinja ukuba andixoki kwaye abangenazigqibo. Ngamafutshane, oko umntwana ogqibeleleyo. Sergey Eyzenshteyn, kwibali yomlawuli ukuba isiqinisekiso kuthwelwe zonke pranks lwabantwana kungaqatshelwanga films zakhe. Ukuba ukunqongophala ithuba lokuphuhlisa ngokwendalo kunye nokuphonononga ubomi njengoko kwenzeka bonke abantwana eziqhelekileyo, kwabonakala kuye kwiminyaka kamva. Ngoko ke imiboniso igazi nokubulawa, ookubulala, njl, njl .. Zonke ezi ndlela ngxwaba azinampembelelo abaphulaphuli, phezu psyche zabo, Eisenstein ebizwa ezinika.

kwenzeka eyimfihlakalo okanye isigqibo ebulalayo?

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ogama engobomi ibonisa ukuba ngokupheleleyo umntu obengo, iqulethe iziganeko limangalisa izibakala, leyo ke kubaluleke kakhulu apha.

Xa befunda ngomnyaka wesibini ka-Institute of Engineers Civil, ukuba shi omtsha kulo mbuso. NgoFebruwari 1918, Eisenstein abhalisela kwi-Red Army waza waya ngaphambili. Iminyaka emibini wayenza zokwakha emkhosini, yena inxaxheba kule nyathelo njengoko kumdlali kwaye ngumlawuli kunye nezilogeni ze zipeyintwe ukuqeqesha iimoto.

Ngowe-1920 wakhulula umthetho karhulumente ukuvumela abafundi ukuba abuyele kweekholeji zokuyihlaziya le nkqubo yemfundo. Sergey ngeli xesha uthando ubomi kumabala emidlalo, yaye akakulangazeleli kwakhona ukwenza yokwakha izakhiwo, njengoko kufunwa yi-ngabazali. Uthe ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe Academy of Staff Jikelele, ngenjongo kwixesha elizayo ukuze abe umguquleli Japanese. Le Yayintle bemlinga, kangangokuba Eisenstein wacinga. Ngeli xesha ikomkhulu yasuka Petrograd eMoscow, apho olukhula ngokukhawuleza ubomi - kwaye yeqonga ngokukodwa. Xa busuku xa ekugqibeleni wagqiba kwelokuba ndaphule kunye izakhiwo, ngaxeshanye ekuqaleni ubomi bakhe obutsha ndamelwa yintliziyo ngesiquphe, samisa ubomi kayise - Mihaila Osipovicha Eyzenshteyna.

Ukususela ngoko waqalisa umsebenzi ngempumelelo yaye ngokukhawuleza ngumlawuli film edumileyo Sergeya Eyzenshteyna.

Siyabonga Peter Greenaway

Ngo-2015, izikrini wakhululwa umboniso ngu Peter Greenaway "Eisenstein e Guanajuato". Lo mfanekiso iye yabangela ukubethabethana abasasazi Russian, ke Greenaway ithi sekunjalo Ususe elinye film umlawuli emangalisayo - ngokushiywa enkulu. Abantu kufuneka ukwazi luni na indoda leyo izinto ezinkulu Sergey Eyzenshteyn. Biography, ubomi lobuqu umlawuli kunye nomsebenzi wakhe umboniso ufuna ukufunda kunye nophando. Yena ayenzelwanga ukuchitha buchopho. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ufuna ukubonisa indlela ihlabathi itshintshile umntu onesiphiwo emva ojikelezayo ezweni lonke, azisekelwanga ndinyanzelwe kwakulawula yileyo. Ngapha koko, nabani na yimfihlo emva kweminyaka emithathu ukufunda ubomi kunye nezithethe zabantu eYurophu, USA ne Latin America Sergey ngokupheleleyo watshintsha imbono yakhe iinjongo kunye wemisebenzi cinema eSoviet. Izicwangciso Greenaway - yesibini film compatriot yethu ebalaseleyo, "wandincumela Eisenstein." Ngeli xesha, Greenway ufuna ukubonisa ubomi yomlawuli enkulu ukuhamba ngaphandle eSoviet Union.

ngokutsha Outlook

Eisenstein kwasekuqaleni hambo lwakhe enkulu kwindawo ethile eYurophu wathenga desyatitomnik Frazer "The Golden isebe". Kungenxa yale ncwadi, uye wabuthela ulwazi malunga iinkonzo zehlabathi ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ingcamango unkulunkulu njengoko okuziinkozo, uyafa yaye wamvusa, nakuye ingcamango ibhayisikile kulo lonke ihlabathi eziphathekayo.

iintsuku ezilishumi eMexico zivulele kuye nombono omtsha kubudlelwane kwezentlalo ngokubanzi kunye cinema ngokukodwa. Wabona ukuba encinci nga ngoxolo ndawonye phantse zonke ii-odolo zembali zentlalo - kudidi, ezibuswa, longxowankulu yaye yobusoshiyali.

Ndingathanda ukuqaphela ukuba eMexico ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-70, Eisenstein uthathwa umlawuli inani elinye. Oku akumangalisi, kuba zebali nasnimal 80 000 leemitha ifilimu apho. It ludumile balapha kunye nendlela abaphila ngayo, izithethe zesizwe, ubuhle yomhlaba, iintlekele zemvelo kunye ezininzi ezibangel 'umdla kunye neenkcukacha ubomi Latinos.

Ngenxa yobunzima copyright asisenawo ithuba ukubona yonke lento, nto leyo a nalufefe. Kwi-US, ngokusekelwe inkampani Eisenstein "Paramount" sifakelwe bhanyabhanya ezimbalwa ezifumene impumelelo enkulu. Iinkcukacha malunga Saga buhlungu bhanya zinokuqondwa le magazini "Screen eSoviet" ngenxa 1974, umbhali - R. Yurenev.

Emva ekhaya, Sergei Mikhailovich, kunye nombhali (njengoko kule yakutshanje ezidlulileyo Chekist) Aleksandrom Rzheshevskim iseti ukuze basebenze kwenye film. Ngeli xesha collectivization - ". Bezhin engcotyeni" Bakuthabatha njengesiseko ibali Pavlik Morozov, othe ngokobuninzi ezaqanjwa Eisenstein, abulawa ngezandla nguyise wakhe lowo. In zamafama lobeko yokuqala yonakalisa ibandla ukuba amalungiselelo abakwiqela yakhe. Kule yesibini - abalimi bezama ukusindisa ibandla emlilweni. Lo mboniso kwavalwa ngenxa yezizathu yembono, kodwa ifilim ahlambe kude. Kuphela imifanekiso embalwa kunye okubonakalayo okuvela lo mboniso. Bona kuchaphazela ngamandla nempembelelo ngokwasengqondweni kumbukeli.

Bayahlelwa yomlawuli babuphakathi kwenyama nozipho. Yena wasinda ukubanjwa, wamiswa efundisa kwi VGIK, kodwa ngandlel 'kugwetyelwa waba nethuba lokuba ukusebenza kuyo, ngoku ngaphezu izwe film "Alexander Nevsky".

"Wahlala, wacinga, yaye wayenomdla", - i epitaph enjalo ungathanda ukubona Sergei Mikhailovich igqume phezu ilitye lakhe.

Ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, emva kokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo ngo-1946, u-Eisenstein, ehlalutye ikhefu lakhe, wabhala ukuba ubonakala ehlala efuna into enye kuphela - indlela yokudibanisa nokudibanisa amaqela aphikisanayo. Ezi zichasayo ziqhuba zonke iinkqubo kwihlabathi. Uhambo oluya eMexico lwambonisa ukuba umanyano awunakwenzeka, nangona kunjalo - uSergei Mikhailovich ubonile ngokucacileyo - baqonda ngokwenene ekufundiseni uxolo loxolo.