Abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa - yintoni na le nto?

abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa - ibinzana kutshanje ukuba livele kuluntu lwanamhlanje. Phesheya, wangena ukusetyenziswa ubunzima elidlulileyo. Ukuvela sisasazeke Umba abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa (PLO) wathi uluntu kuxhaphaka uyakhula kwaye uzama ngandlela zonke ukuba ukunceda abantwana amathuba okuphila nambalwa, kwakunye nezo kwintando iimeko kwimeko ebomini nzima. Society iqalisa ukunceda aba bantwana ukumelana ebomini.

Umntwana lowo abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa - kodwa akukho namnye ukuba mgaqweni nokuphazamiseka zophuhliso. Society ihambisa kude kokwahlulwa labantwana kwi "yesiqhelo" kunye "ezingaqhelekanga", ngenxa yokuba kukho imida engabonakali kakhulu phakathi kwala magama. Nkqu bobuchule yesiqhelo umntwana abe ukuqhwalela kuphuhliso, ukuba akunjalo unikwa ingqalelo ngenxa ngabazali kunye noluntu.

Kakuhle eli ingqiqo abantwana BESATIFIKETHI

abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa - yingcamango kufuneka ukuba kancane indawo imigomo yokusebenzisa abaninzi, njengoko "uphuhliso engaqhelekanga", "ukuphazamiseka yophuhliso", "ukuphazamiseka yophuhliso". It asichazi umntwana oluqhelekileyo, kodwa igxininisa yokuba akukho eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka ngabanye abantu, kodwa yimfuneko ukudala iimeko ezizodwa kuqeqesho lwakhe. Oko bekuya kwenza ubomi bakhe ngakumbi obutofotofo yaye kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka nalowo okwangoku ngabantu abaqhelekileyo. Ingakumbi ukuyilwa abantwana abanjalo kufuneka lwenziwe kusetyenziswa iindlela ezithile.

Qaphela ukuba "abantwana abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa" - ayikho nje igama abo abaphethwe ukuphazamiseka engqondweni nasemzimbeni, kodwa abo musa. Ngokomzekelo, xa kuvele imfuneko zemfundo ezizodwa phantsi kwempembelelo naziphi na iimeko zentlalo nenkcubeko.

gama zokuboleka

abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa - ingqiqo ekwakusetyenzwa kuqala kwingxelo London ngo-1978, elingcwele, iingxaki zemfundo iingxaki nokufunda labantwana abakhubazekileyo. Ngokuthe ngcembe oko yaqala ukuba lungasetyenziswa ngakumbi. Okwangoku, eli gama liye laba yinxalenye iinkqubo zemfundo kumazwe aseYurophu. Kwakhona kwande kwi-US kunye Canada.

Ngo-Russia, i ingqiqo weza kamva, kodwa ayikwazi ukuba ixabiso layo nje ikopi efana nqwa kwekota Koloni.

Iqela labantwana ne BESATIFIKETHI

Le elinokuvela kwabantwana kunye PLO, inzululwazi yanamhlanje yahlula ngokwamaqela amathathu:

• abakhubazeke ezithile kwezempilo;
• sijamelene nobunzima kuqeqesho;
• siphila kwiimeko ezinzima.

Oko kukuthi, kwikota defectology mihla elinentsingiselo ilandelayo: abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa - ezi meko zophuhliso komntwana, efuna workarounds ukuphumeza iinjongo zophuhliso kwinkcubeko, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo ziqhutywa ngeendlela umgangatho, kusekelwe inkcubeko lwanamhlanje.

Iindidi abantwana kunye nophuhliso engqondweni nasemzimbeni ethile

Ukuze umntwana ngamnye kunye BESATIFIKETHI inemisebenzi yayo. Ngokutsho kweli phawu abantwana lungohlulwa lube maqela alandelayo:

• obubonakala ngokuba yincwadi evuliweyo zokuva (ukungabikho olupheleleyo okanye olungaphelelanga indlebe);
• ingxaki umbono (ukungabikho olupheleleyo okanye olungaphelelanga umbono);
• abanala makhwiniba yengqondo (abo apho kukho ukukhubazeka engqondweni) ;
• abaye begqobhozile;
• unee ngxaki yenkqubo musculoskeletal;
• ukuphazamiseka kunye nesakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo (abangevayo-iimfama, etc ...);
• autism;
• abantwana nokuphazamiseka ngokweemvakalelo volitional.

PLO ziqhelekile iindidi ezahlukeneyo abantwana

Iingcali ukuchonga PLO, nto leyo eqhelekileyo kubantwana, nangona umahluko iingxaki zabo. Ezi ziquka uhlobo olunjalo ngeemfuno:

• Imfundo yabantwana abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa kufuneka uqale ngoko nangoko ngokukhawuleza izitenxo zabonwa kuphuhliso eqhelekileyo. Iya bangalahlekelwa lixesha baze bazuze iziphumo esiphezulu.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwemali ngqo kuqeqesho.
• Ikharityhulam kufuneka luqaliswe amacandelo ezizodwa azikho kwikharityhulam yesikolo eqhelekileyo.
• Iyantlukwano individualization yemfundo.
• Ithuba nkulu ukuyilwa arhente ngaphandle.
• Ukwandiswa kwenkqubo yokufunda emva kokugqiba. Ukuvumela abantu abaselula ukuya eyunivesithi.
• Inxaxheba yeengcali abaqeqeshiweyo (oogqirha, iisayikholojisti, njl) Xa iingxaki zokufunda komntwana, ukubandakanyeka lwabazali kwinkqubo yemfundo.

iziphene eziqhelekileyo ezithe zenzeka kuphuhliso abantwana BESATIFIKETHI

Abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa babe neengxaki ezifanayo isici. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukunqongophala kolwazi malunga nokusingqongileyo, ngezinto elimxinwa.
• Iingxaki kunye izakhono zokushukuma kunye emihle.
• Ukukhubazeka kuphuhliso zentetho.
• Ubunzima ukuzivumelanisa ukuziphatha ngendlela engaqondakaliyo.
• Yona.
• Iingxaki kunye nomsebenzi kwengqondo.
• Ithemba.
• Ukungakwazi ukuba aziphathe kuluntu kwaye ukulawula indlela aziphatha ngayo.
• -Ukuzithemba self Low okanye phezulu kakhulu.
• Ukungaqiniseki kwimikhosi.
• Ngokupheleleyo okanye inxenye ukuxhomekeka kwabanye.

Izenzo ukuze soyise ubuthathaka eziqhelekileyo kubantwana BESATIFIKETHI

Ukusebenza nabantwana abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa lujoliswe, ngoncedo iindlela ezithile ukuphelisa ezi ntsilelo eqhelekileyo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho utshintsho lwenziwayo kwikharityhulam yemfundo jikelele eqhelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, intshayelelo kwekhosi intshayelelo, oko kukuthi, igalelo zixinaniswe ukuququzelela ukuqonda umntwana. Le ndlela kunceda ukubuyisela inxalenye kulahleke ulwazi malunga nokusingqongileyo. Zingaqalisa izinto ezongezelelweyo ukunceda ukuphucula izakhono jikelele kunye entle motor: ukuyifundisa izangqa zobuchule, umzekelo. Ukongeza, ukuba kwenziwe zonke iintlobo zoqeqesho, ukunceda abantwana BESATIFIKETHI ukuqonda ngokwabo amalungu ezipheleleyo oluntu, ukuzithemba kunye siyaqiniseka bona kunye namandla awo.

iziphene ezithile uphuhliso lwabantwana abane BESATIFIKETHI

Ukusebenza nabantwana abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa, ukongeza ekucombululeni iingxaki eziqhelekileyo, kufuneka kubandakanye kunye nedilesi ezisuka phambi kuneengxaki zawo ethile. umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokufundisa ezincinane Le nto. ubuthathaka ezithile ziquka ezo zibangelwa ngumonakalo luvo. Umzekelo, iingxaki ukuva nombono.

Indlela yokufundisa abantwana abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa ingqalelo ezi ntsilelo kuphuhliso lweenkqubo kunye nezicwangciso. Iprogram yoqeqesho iingcali zibandakanya izinto ezithile ukuba ezingaqukwanga kwi kwinkqubo yesikolo rhoqo. Ngokomzekelo, abantwana abanengxaki nombono, yokuqhelaniswa ezongezelelweyo zokufundisa kwisithuba, kwaye phambi ukungase- anceda ukuphuhlisa ezindlebeni intsalela. Inkqubo yoqeqesho kwabo nazo ziquka izifundo kwi ukuyilwa zentetho.

BESATIFIKETHI abantwana iinjongo zokufunda

• Umbutho kwenkqubo yemfundo ngendlela efana ukwandisa umnqweno ebantwaneni ukuvavanya ihlabathi, nokwakha ulwazi lwabo eziluncedo kunye nezakhono, banzi lawo zam.
• uqeqesho enomahluko abantwana abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa ukuze wokuchonga nokuphuhlisa izakhono kunye notyekelo yabafundi.
• Ingqondo ukuba enze ngokuzimeleyo benze izigqibo ezizezabo.
• Ukwenziwa lokuvula yomsebenzi cognitive abafundi.
• Ukubeka iziseko yelizwe.
• Uphuhliso kwiinkalo zonke self-ngokwaneleyo ngamnye, nenokuthi silungelelanise kwibutho okhoyo.

ukufunda umsebenzi

uqeqesho ngamnye yabantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa zemfundo ukuze yenze le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• Ukusungula. Lo msebenzi wenza ukuba inkqubo yokufunda ijoliswa kuphuhliso zobuntu ezihlangeneyo, wanceda abantwana babo bafumane ulwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nezakhono.
• Zemfundo. Akukho msebenzi ubaluleke kangako. Imfundo yabantwana abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa, ikhuthaza ukuyilwa ulwazi lwabo ezisisiseko, nto leyo eya kuba sisiseko zokuqokelelwa kolwazi. Kwakhona, kukho imfuneko injongo ukuphuhlisa izakhono zabo asebenzisekayo eziya kubanceda kwixesha elizayo yaye kakhulu lula ubomi babo.
• Zemfundo. Umsebenzi ijolise ekudaleni sophuhliso esibanzi-gingxi ubuntu. Ukulungiselela le njongo, abafundi bafundiswa uncwadi, ubugcisa, ezembali kunye nemfundo ngokwasemzimbeni.
• Ukulungiswa. Lo msebenzi ubandakanya ekubeni abantwana ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezizodwa iindlela ezivuselela ubunakho ngokwasengqondweni.

Ulwakhiwo inkqubo yokulungisa zokufundisa

Development yabantwana abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa kuquka amacandelo alandelayo:

• Yokuhlola. on noxilongo nomsebenzi - enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufundiseni abantwana kunye BESATIFIKETHI. Inkqubo yoluleko zidlala indima ephambili. Kuyinto sisalathisi ukusebenza amanyathelo uphuhliso lwabantwana kunye BESATIFIKETHI. Oku kuquka ukufunda iimpawu kunye iimfuno zomfundi ngamnye abadinga uncedo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, liphuhlise inkqubo, iqela okanye umntu. Kwakhona kubalulekile kakhulu ukufunda okuhambisa iyaphuhliswa apho umntwana kwinkqubo yokufunda esikolweni okhethekileyo inkqubo ekhethekileyo, ukuphononongwa ukusebenza kwesicwangciso lemfundo.
• Physical kakuhle ukuba. Njengoko uninzi lwabantwana kunye BESATIFIKETHI aneziphene emzimbeni, eli candelo yenkqubo yophuhliso yabafundi ibaluleke kakhulu. Oku kuquka imisebenzi yabantwana impilo yomzimba eza kubanceda bafunde ukulawula umzimba wakhe emajukujukwini, ukuze sisebenze ngaphandle ukucaca bentshukumo, ukuba isenzo abanye automatism.

• Zemfundo zemfundo. Eli candelo kunegalelo ukuyilwa abantu kakuhle elirhangqiweyo. Ngenxa yoko, abantwana BESATIFIKETHI, apho de kutshanje ngokuqhelekileyo ezikhoyo ihlabathi, nobunye kuphuhliswa. Ukongeza, kwinkqubo yokufunda eninzi ingqwalaselo ihlawulwe inkqubo yemfundo kwamalungu yinxalenye yoluntu namhlanje.
• Ukulungiswa kunye noPhuhliso. Eli candelo ijolise ekuphuhliseni ubuntu ngokupheleleyo-enobugcisa. Xa ezingundoqo walo umsebenzi elilungelelanisiweyo kwabantwana BESATIFIKETHI, ejolise ekufumaneni kuyimfuneko ukuze ubomi ngokupheleleyo nolwazi, nokwenziwa yamava zembali. Oko kukuthi, inkqubo yokufunda kufuneka kusekwa ngendlela efana bawandise ekufuneni ulwazi lwabafundi. Oku kuya kubanceda ukuba lokuzikhumbuza kuphuhliso oontanga babo abangenazo ezinxaxhileyo kuphuhliso.
• Socio-zokufundisa. Yiyo le candelo ugqibezela ukuyilwa ubuntu ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo incoko, alungele ubomi elizimeleyo kula maxesha siphila kuwo.

Imfuneko yokufunda komntwana ngamnye kunye PLO

Ngokuba abantwana BESATIFIKETHI ingasetyenziswa ezimbini iintlobo lombutho zoqeqesho: ezidityanelweyo nezomntu. impumelelo yabo ixhomekeke kwimeko nganye ngamnye. imfundo Collective kwenzeka kwizikolo ezizodwa apho iimeko ezizodwa zenzelwa aba bantwana. Xa uthetha noontanga umntwana iingxaki zophuhliso, utshintsha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ifikelela iziphumo ngaphezu kwezinye abantwana abasempilweni ngokupheleleyo. Kulo mzekelo, uhlobo ngamnye zoqeqesho ezifunekayo ukuze umntwana kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Lubonakala bubukho ukuphazamiseka zophuhliso ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, xa kwimeko kakhulu lwe ukukhubazeka okanye yokufunda kwabantwana ukuva ngaxeshanye kunye umbono engqondweni.
• Xa umntwana iingxaki zophuhliso.
• iimpawu Age. uqeqesho ngamnye esemncinane inika nemiphumo emihle.
• Xa yokufunda mntwana apha ekhaya.

Noko ke, eyona uqeqesho ngamnye abantwana BESATIFIKETHI ayinqweneleki kakhulu, njengoko ikhokelela ukuyilwa umntu ezivaliweyo kunye engakhuselekanga. Kwixa elizayo, lo msebenzi ubandakanya iingxaki ukunxibelelana kunye noontanga babo kunye nabanye abantu. Xa uqeqesho adibeneyo uninzi lwabantwana kutyhilwa izakhono zonxibelelwano. Isiphumo ukuyilwa yinxalenye yoluntu.

Ngenxa yoko, ukubonakala kwegama elithi "abaneemfuno ezizodwa zemfundo" abaxelele ngokukhulisa phezulu kuluntu lwethu. Ekubeni le ngcamango kuthatha umntwana abakhubazekileyo ezingaqhelekanga kuphuhliso kudidi ubuntu oluqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo-enobugcisa. Imfundo yabantwana BESATIFIKETHI ejoliswe ekwandiseni zexa zabo ngokwakha iimbono zabo, uqeqesho lwezakhono kunye nezakhono ekufuneka ukukhokela kuluntu lwanamhlanje ubomi obuqhelekileyo nokufezekisa.

Phezu abaneemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa zibizwa iimfuno eyahlukileyo kuleyo ezifundiswa kubo bonke abantwana kwizikolo zesiqhelo. I ebanzi amathuba ukuhlangabezana nazo, ayanda amathuba umntwana ukufumana kwinqanaba ubuninzi zophuhliso kufuneka inkxaso kwi enzima ibakala nokwanda.

Umgangatho wemfundo yabantwana kunye nenkqubo BESATIFIKETHI kumiselwa indlela umntu ukuba umfundi ngamnye, ngenxa yokuba wonke umntwana "ekhethekileyo" luphawulwa iingxaki zayo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ukuphila ubomi ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye kaninzi ngxaki ingasombululwa, nangona nje ngokupheleleyo.

Eyona njongo ephambili ekufundiseni abantwana BESATIFIKETHI kukwaziswa eluntwini kwabantu bodwa ngaphambili, kwakunye impumelelo umntwana ngamnye, nto leyo zongezwe kolu didi, iqondo eliphezulu imfundo kunye nophuhliso, ukusebenza yokunqwenela ulwazi olukhulayo lwelizwe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekubeni kusekwe kwaye nophuhliso ezi zidalwa ophezulu-grade ukuba ube yinxalenye yale uluntu olutsha.