NeNgonyama feudal of Russia yamandulo

neNgonyama feudal - kwinqanaba apho kwazo kwezoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso kwezopolitiko ke zikarhulumente ithuba feudalism yokuqala. ERashiya, eli xesha wawa phezu IX-XI eminyaka.

Xa intloko karhulumente yaba Grand Prince of Kiev (savela). Ulawulo lizwe wamnceda Boyar Duma - ibhunga ekhethekileyo, oko kuquka abameli abathetheli abaselula kunye nesithunzi tribal (izinduna, abagrogrisi). neNgonyama feudal - ixesha xa amandla umthetheli yaba nangoku amandla lobuqu, unlimited kunye njengelifa. ubudlelwane wobukhosi akuzange ziphelile, kwakungekho inkqubo ecacileyo yabasemagunyeni inkonzo, kwakukho ukungaqiniseki nobudlelwane ilizwe, akukenzeki inkqubo localu okuxhaphaza feudal ye abalimi.

Inkqubo yezopolitiko of Kievan Rus luqinisekiswa kakhulu ezi mpawu zilandelayo. amazwe abathile ezandleni yenkulu iintsapho Kiev - abathetheli okanye posadniks. Indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni mdlalo kunye enesihlwele esinzima njengenkosana. Indaba yakhe umdala ngokubonakalayo ehambelana Boyar Duma. vigilantes Junior loxolo wenza iirhuluneli encinane, kwaye ngexesha lemfazwe zathatha inxaxheba ekulweni. Prince wabelana nabo amaxhoba emfazwe yaye ngokufuthi ukuqokelela irhafu.

vigilantes Senior kwi zigaba okuqala ilungelo ukuqokelela irhafu kwiindawo ezithile, khon 'ukuze ekugqibeleni yaba kubanini (patrimonial loss).

bonke abantu uRhulumente Old Russian kuya kuba irhafu imbopheleleko kuwo umyalelo, leyo isiseko kwezoqoqosho, ngenxa apho kwakukho neNgonyama feudal. Ukuqokelelwa irhafu ekuthiwa polyudye. Ngokuqhelekileyo ke wayehamba kukwenziwa yenkundla imisebenzi prince. imisebenzi Ubukhulu egameni likarhulumente ngelo xesha azifani, kodwa ilawulwa siko. Kodwa lizama ukunyusa ubungakanani unikelo kunye nokumelana open yabantu. Ngowe-945 ngenxa yoku, yena wabulala eKiev Prince Igor. umhlolokazi lakhe Olga kamva wamisela ubukhulu elimisiweyo irhafu kunye nerhafu. Iyunithi kweerhafu ugqibe kwifama yezolimo.

Phantse wonke umnikelo eqokelelweyo waba into ngaphandle. Yayo phezu kwamanzi bathunyelwa eConstantinople, apho washiya igolide ebekade impahla.

neNgonyama feudal eRashiya yayisekelwe ubunini nkqubo. Yokuqala lesikhumbuzo ebhaliweyo osemthethweni eli xesha - "Russian Truth". Le ndawo zindala ibizwa ngokuba "Inyaniso Yaroslav" okanye "inyaniso yamandulo." kulwaphulo mithetho phantsi kwalo uludwe lwemithetho sono silingenwe isohlwayo xa amanene kunye amaxhoba. Kuba izenzo ezininzi kakhulu (ukuphanga, ukutshisa, ihashe nokuncinitha) nako, ndayihluthwa yonke ipropati ukuba agxothwe kuluntu okanye ukungabi nayo inkululeko.

Ukongeza umthetho waseburhulumenteni, neNgonyama feudal wayama ibandla. It eyayilawula share Church bahluphekayo umthetheli kunye zolwaphulo bazizisulu kwetyala yabefundisi (ubugqwirha, ukunyelisa, intsapho ulwaphulo-mthetho, kwakunye ukuqotywa abantu akwi ibandla). Eli ziko oye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi weRashiya. Church negalelo kumanyano lwe mazwe amandla ndawonye nokomelezwa sokumiswa, uphuhliso inkcubeko.