№ Federal Umthetho 400 "Kwi Insurance Pensions" ngamazwi alula. I-Federal Law of 12.28.2013

A indima enkulu kubo bonke abadla idlala FZ-400 "Kwi-inshorensi Pensions". Eyona nto kukuba inkqubo yomhlalaphantsi uhlala ubunzima utshintsho eRashiya. Ngoko ke kufuneka ube nomdla ngonyaka, kuya kwenzeka ntoni kubantu abaye bafikelela yobudala yomhlala-phantsi, kwixesha elithile. Ngubani ofanelekileyo ukuba iintlawulo-inshorensi? kangakanani yabelwe inkxaso umhlala lo hlobo? Malunga zonke ngomahluko kufuneka uthethe kwangethuba. Emva kokuba zonke iinguqu zakutshanje, oqale ukusebenza ngo-2016, kwabuchaphazela inkqubo pension ye-Russian Federation.

Iimeko ngenxa kukuvela iintlawulo

Into yokuqala kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo - oku yimeko ingenzeka iintlawulo zomhlalaphantsi. 400-FZ of 28.12.2013 uchaza ngokucacileyo imithetho ukumisela umhlala-inshorensi. Ukuba iimeko azenzeki, musa ngathi ukuba uhlobo lwenkxaso.

Okwangoku, ukuba uthi ukuba isibonelelo seinshorensi ihlawulwa bonke abemi abaye bafikelela yobudala yomhlala-phantsi. Abafazi Russian ukufumana iwonga abadla umhlala-55, kunye namadoda - kwiminyaka engama-60.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ixesha inshorensi kule meko kufuneka ubuncinane iminyaka eli-15. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ngeli xesha, ummi wenza iintlawulo kwi Pension Fund, ukuba uvumelekile ukuba loo ntlawulo. Kodwa loo nto bonke.

Ingongoma kukuba eRashiya ngoku inkqubo okuza nokwenza. Kunyaka wonke asebenza ummi iza kongezeleka kwezinye iindawo kunye okuza. Le yokugqibela kufuneka ubuncinane 30 kuphela ke zonke iimeko yokubala umhlala-inshorensi ukuba abemi abaqhelekileyo.

ikhubaziwe

Kodwa enye kuphela uhlobo inshorensi ukuxhasa abantu umhlala-ubudala. Kukho iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo iziganeko. Ngokobalo yaye wahlawula inshorensi nokukhubazeka yomhlalaphantsi?

Ngokutsho Umthetho 400 ka ngoDisemba 28, 2013, kuba le mali banelungelo bonke abemi aba bakulo okanye ubudala yamiselwa ukukhubazeka. Yena wabekwa kungakhathaliseki ezahlukeneyo izinto ezo, umzekelo, kuchaphazela imali efanayo, kodwa abantu abasempilweni ngokupheleleyo.

Ngamanye amazwi, le-inshorensi, ipenshini yokukhubazeka iya kuhlawuliswa kuzo nabani na ukhubazekile. Ile okanye ukuxatyiswa, okanye imeko yemali ngummi, okanye yobudala bakhe. Nokuba isifo okanye enye imeko ukudlala indima. Ukuba umntu okhubazekileyo amaqela 1-3, yena unelungelo lokufumana izibonelelo inshorensi njengokuba umntwana.

Umxhatshazwa

Kukho nenye meko. Eyona nto kukuba inzuzo inshorensi eyabelwe ngenxa ukulahleka umondli. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, kwaye unelungelo lokuba oko? Okwangoku, umthetho ubonelela nokuhlawulwa pension bexhoba ukuba bonke abemi bonke abaxhomekeke womfi. Kwakhona, ubudala ayibalulekanga.

Kodwa 400-FZ "Kwi-inshorensi Pensions" kunika ingongoma ebalulekileyo. Baxhomekeke kuwe kufuneka mayaziwe abakhubazekileyo. Ukuba umntu, abagcina umondli ungasekhoyo, ngokwabo ayikasebenzi, inkxaso urhulumente akakwazi ukubala.

Yintoni ebonisa isixa yomhlalaphantsi

Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuba uqonde into parameters kuya kuchaphazela isixa iintlawulo zomhlalaphantsi. Ngubani ofanelekileyo ukuba inshorensi yomhlala? Kucacile ukuba bonke kuxhomekeke kudidi yentlawulo. Kodwa yintoni zinto zinefuthe elingqalileyo kwimali inkxaso eyiyo kule meko?

FZ-400 ibonisa inani lwezinto kungandisa okanye ukunciphisa ubungakanani iintlawulo inshorensi kuluntu. Yintoni kanye sithetha ngayo? Ngelo xesha, isekelwe phezu komthetho, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba intlawulo iphenjelelwa ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• iminikelo kwi Pension Fund kunyaka kummi;
• pension factor ukuba unyaka onikiweyo;
• amava emsebenzini (ngokungathanga ngqo).

Ngako oko, le ummi ngakumbi eziguqulelwe ukuba ubomi bakhe Pension Fund, kokukhona uya kufumana. Ubude wenkonzo kuchaphazela inani amanqaku afunyenwe ngumsebenzi ngamnye. Ukuba umntu asikazifumani ubuncinane kuyimfuneko, ukuze afumane i-inshorensi yomhlala pension yena akakwazi.

Yintoni ifakiwe unogada yabasebenzi

Ziziphi ezinye izinto kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kuyo? Eyona nto kukuba umthetho kumhlalaphantsi (400-FZ of 12.28.2013) libonelela ngamathuba athile ezingasebenzi, kodwa ibalwe amava emsebenzini. Le ingongoma ebalulekileyo kakhulu. Ngapha koko, nina asisoloko kufuneka ukuba enze imisebenzi yabo. Sinokuba nethemba ukwanda ubude yabo inkonzo kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• indlela emkhosini (fixed-term);
• emkhosini enye;
• inkonzo phantsi kwesivumelwano;
• ushiye ukunyamekela umntwana ukuya kwiminyaka 1.5 (kodwa hayi ngaphezulu kwe-6 ewonke);
• ixesha xa ummi ukufumana izibonelelo ngqesho;
• ukufumana ukuvalelwa mthethweni;
• xa ukunyamekela ngummi emva kweminyaka engama-80, kwakunye abantwana abakhubazekileyo kunye abadala abakhubazekileyo, iqela 1;
• ngoxa uhlala nomyeni wakhe kwidolophu yasemkhosini ngexesha contract service.

Le mizekelo ingentla ekunokuthiwa aphezulu. Ngoko ke, ekhefu bexesha data ziya kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa kubalwa yomhlalaphantsi. Ewe, kunye namava omsebenzi ngokubanzi.

calculus

Njani na ukubalwa yomhlalaphantsi? Lo mbuzo umdla kukuba abantu abaninzi. Le nkqubo, yasungulwa eRashiya, ayidingi ulwazi enkulu yoluntu. Abanako ngokuzimela ukubala inani banelungelo lokufumana imali njenge pension inshorensi kwityala elithile.

Xa kuziwa accruals endala ubudala, kwakunye nokukhubazeka, kufuneka ukusebenzisa P ifomula = K * IC apho:

• P - yomhlalaphantsi;
• K - inani amanqaku amanqaku yi ungummi ngexesha zabasebenzi;
• ixabiso CK- phuzu 1 ngexesha iintlawulo zomhlalaphantsi.

Imali ye-inshorensi ukuba imali yenkam-nkam ngoku ecacileyo. Yaye kuthekani ukuba sithetha iintlawulo ezenziwe ngenxa yokulahlekelwa umondli? Kulo meko, siza kusebenzisa ifomula efanayo, kodwa kulo:

• P - bubungakanani kweentlawulo yomhlalaphantsi;
• K - Inani lamanqaku afunyenwe kwi umamkeli kunye nomboneleli;
• SK - iindleko ku1 ngomhla apho sabelo yenziwa intlawulo pension osindileyo.

Akukho nto kunzima ngayo. Ingxaki ephambili yeyokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba bathi kanye uya kuba yintoni na amanqaku eyindleko kwixesha elizayo. Ngoko ke benze izibalo for elizayo yenza akukho ingqiqo.

intlawulo fixed

Wafunda umthetho ubonelela iintlawulo fixed-inshorensi yepenshini ngobukhulu ezahlukeneyo. Olu hlobo inkxaso eyongezelelweyo evela kurhulumente.

Qho ngonyaka, intlawulo kufuneka indexed. Kwaye FZ-400 libonelela umhla oluthile, nto leyo yenza ukwanda iintlawulo ezisisigxina. Kuyinto February 1.

Kwakhona qaphela ukuba ukusukela ngo-Epreli 1, 2015, urhulumente Russian unelungelo lokuba ukumisela inkxaso ukufunda nezikhokelo eyongezelelweyo kubemi. Kodwa okwangoku ezi meko ayifikelelekanga. Inyaniso unezizathu yayo.

Yiphi na? Isiphumo kwezi meko sinqunyanyisiwe de-2017. Ezi nguqu yaqala ukusebenza ngo-2015. Ngoko ke, eRashiya ngonyaka ngamnye uzama ukukhulisa iintlawulo zesigxina inshorensi pension, kodwa akasoloko ukuphatha ukwenza oko.

imali ngqo

I FZ-400 "Kwi-inshorensi Pensions" azichazwanga kwibhili eyona mali ekufuneka zihlawulwe ngohlobo kweentlawulo zesigxina iminikelo yomhlalaphantsi. Esi sisiganeko ecacileyo, kuba la manani kutshintsha ngonyaka. Zeziphi imithetho ngo-2016?

Ingongoma kukuba izongezo bohlulwa ngokweendidi eziliqela - i-ukwaluphala kunye invalids amaqela 1-2, kwakunye iintlawulo ezikhoyo ngokwahlukeneyo kubemi abakhubazekileyo namaqela-3. NgoJanuwari 2016 le zimali ngokulandelelanayo 4383 engange-59 eesenti kunye 2191 Ruble 80 eesenti.

Kodwa ngoFebruwari waloo nyaka, kwakukho isalathiso. Ngoku abemi lokufumana inshorensi ukuya endala-ubudala, kwakunye ukukhubazeka 1 okanye amaqela 2 engange-4 558 98 cents ngenyanga nganye kwaye 3 iqela abakhubazekileyo - 2 279 engange-47 eesenti. akaguquki likhulu kakhulu, kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba indexation ngokwayo yenzekile.

Apho ukuba isicelo

Yintoni enye kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kuyo? Eyona nto kukuba FZ-400 "Kwi-inshorensi Pensions" sibonisa ukuba yokufumana ezi ntlawulo. Phi na usiya kufumana amaxwebhu, likuvumela ukuba babela inkxaso?

Okwangoku, abemi babe intshukumo encinane ezizezinye. Banalo ilungelo lokubhena:

• -mali yomhlalaphantsi ndawo;
• i FIU;
• ngokusebenzisa "iinkonzo Public" portal;
• kumaziko nemiba ngemiba yezemfundo.

Kungenxa kule abemi umzekelo data kunye nethuba lokuba phantsi abafumana imali yomhlala-inshorensi kufuneka isicelo, ingxelo kunye iseti ethile yamaxwebhu. Lo mthetho bafunda kwakhona ichaza ukuba umqeshi unelungelo lokuba umelo kunye nonyango lwe umhlalaphantsi endaweni yakhe imizimba zikhankanywe apha ngasentla ekubaleni i-inshorensi. Kodwa esi senzo kunokwenzeka kuphela ngemvume ebhaliweyo accrual elizayo komamkeli.

amaxwebhu for

Nendlela do ukufumana i-inshorensi pension kwityala elithile? Ngokufuthi, abemi banelungelo iintlobo ezininzi yenkxaso karhulumente. Kulo mzekelo, kuya kufuneka ukhethe into uhlobo yomhlalaphantsi. Ngoko funda imithetho esekwe eRashiya. FZ-400 "Kwi-inshorensi Pensions" luluhlu epheleleyo yamaxwebhu afunekayo ukulungiselela injongo yenkxaso karhulumente. I- Russian Pension Fund okanye nawuphi na umbutho, amtsale umhlalaphantsi, kufuneka eze uluhlu ilandelayo lwamaxwebhu:

• ubungqina bokuzazisa (yokundwendwela ngummi Russian Federation);
• SNILS;
• isicelo se-inshorensi pension (kuyimfuneko ukubonisa ukuba iintlawulo ze-inshorensi);
• Isiqinisekiso yomhlalaphantsi ;
• imbali yomsebenzi;
• iziqinisekiso izicatshulwa engqina ngamaxesha athile non-msebenzi, kodwa ezinxulumene aphezulu;
• izatifiketi zokuzalwa bonke abantwana;
• sisicatshulwa esithathwe kwiingxelo zabantu ummi;
• ID zomkhosi (amadoda).

Kwakhona kufuneka athathe nawaphi na ubungqina bokuba umntu akafumani nayiphi na enye pension. Xa ngummi uya FIU kungenzeka ukuba oku ziya kutshekishwa ngoko nangoko. Ukuba ufuna ukufumana imali kwi-akhawunti yebhanki, iinkcukacha zalo.

Xa kufikwa umhlala-phantsi ngenxa yokukhubazeka okanye ixhoba eli liya kufuna amaxwebhu engqina ukukhubazeka ngummi. Kwakhona kwakukho nayiphi na incwadi ebonisa abaxhomekeke abakhubazekileyo (xa ilahleko). Kakade ke, bangacela isiqinisekiso sokufa komntu, aqulathe abamkeli yomhlalaphantsi elizayo.

Onke amaxwebhu adweliswe apha ngasentla aya kufuneka uqhagamshelane mandla ezifanelekileyo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ikopi yephepha. Ngaphezu koko, oko kuya hlola. Ukuba onke amaxwebhu ukuze, abemi baya kuqalisa ukuba kongezeleka inshorensi pension.

Hayi ukuba wonke

Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo - ngo-2016 ngenkxaso uphando umhlala mababe neminyaka esi-7 ubuncinane yamava umsebenzi, kwakunye 9 lamanqaku pension. Ukuba ezi zinto zombini azenzeki, umhlalaphantsi kwezentlalo zikazwelonke ziza kubekwa.

iintlawulo, usinde ongaphathiswanga njengabemi enetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Okanye ukuba umamkeli enokubakho kwentlawulo inshorensi benze izenzo eyabangela ukufa umondli.

Ezi mpawu ziphambili apho izaliswe inshorensi pension. umthetho Federal umisela imigaqo esisiseko zokubala ezi ntlawulo. Kodwa usoloko nezisenokutshintshwa. Ngoko ke kunzima ukuba bathi ngayo imeko inje imeko pension inshorensi iya kuba iminyaka embalwa. Umzekelo, ukukhulisa umhlala-phantsi ngoku kuxoxwa eRashiya. Eli nyathelo liza kubeka ukuba amanqaku wayo FZ-400.