Zinto Anthropogenic: imizekelo. Yintoni na le nto anthropogenic?

Isikali zezinto ezenziwa luluntu aye anda kakhulu kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo amakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho izinto ezintsha anthropogenic. Imizekelo nempembelelo ndawo kunye nendima yoluntu nokutshintsha kokusingqongileyo - konke oku kamva kweli nqaku.

Yintoni medium ubomi?

Inxenye uhlobo Earth, apho ubomi eziphilayo - yinto kwiindawo zazo zokuhlala. Avela kwesi siseko sibobu budlelane, indlela yokuphila, nemveliso, inani kumaqumrhu ukuhlola eziphilayo. Asihlali ezingumongo indalo: umhlaba, amanzi kunye nomoya. Kukho eziphilayo ukuba bebeziqhelanisa abahlala kwindawo enye, okanye emithathu, umzekelo, izityalo eziselunxwemeni.

izinto Individual Ngokusebenza kunye izidalwa eziphilayo phakathi kwabo, - neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Ngamnye kubo buyafuneka. Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukubaluleka langa zinto anthropogenic. Nangona kwesiqingatha senkulungwane eyadlulayo, impembelelo yoluntu kwindalo akazange anikele ingqalelo ngokwaneleyo, kodwa kwiminyaka 150 eyadlulayo inzululwazi eziphilayo isanda yayo.

Zeziphi iimeko zokusingqongileyo?

Imiqathango ye-bume kunokuba obungafaniyo kunene: isithuba, ulwazi, amandla, imichiza, sezulu. Naziphi na amacandelo zendalo ngokubonakalayo, ngokwekhemikhali okanye imvelaphi yemvelo - izinto zokusingqongileyo. Baya echaphazela ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo yabantu ndlovu zebhayoloji ngamnye, yonke biocoenosis. Kukho izenzakalo kungekho ngaphantsi ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yabantu, ezifana ukuphazamiseka. Ngomhla ubomi eziphilayo, imeko biocenoses kunye inshorensi geographical iphenjelelwa yimiba ezininzi zabantu. imizekelo:

• ukwandisa greenhouse gases esibhakabhakeni kukhokelela ukutshintsha kwemozulu;
• kwezolimo Umjikeleziso linani okugqabhuka ezahlukeneyo wonakalise eziphilayo;
• imililo kukhokelela utshintsho kwizityalo;
• kwamahlathi kunye nokwakhiwa kwesikhululo samandla ngamanzi utshintsha ulawulo yemilambo.

Zeziphi iimeko zokusingqongileyo?

Iimeko ezichaphazela izinto eziphilayo nendawo zazo, kwizakhiwo zazo ekunokuthiwa omnye amaqela amathathu:

• izinto ezingaphiliyo okanye abiotic (radiation solar, izinga lokubanda, amanzi, umoya, etyuwa);
• iimeko zasemanzini sizibandakanya ngokuhlalisana ezincinane, izilwanyana, izityalo, ezichaphazela omnye komnye, kwindalo ezingaphiliyo;
• neemeko zokusingqongileyo anthropogenic - isiphumo ezongezelekayo yabemi koMhlaba kwindalo.

Zonke ezi maqela zibalulekile. into nganye kwemvelo ezinye endaweni yazo. Umzekelo, ubuninzi bamanzi akumenzi imali ezifunekayo izityalo isondlo lweziqalelo izimbiwa kunye nokukhanya.

Yintoni na le nto anthropogenic?

inzululwazi esisiseko, ukufunda okusingqongileyo - eziphilayo jikelele, eziphilayo zabantu kunye nolondolozo lwendalo. Bona ngokususela kwidatha eziphilayo yeengcingane, ingqiqo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi 'izinto zabantu ". Anthropos ngesiGrike lithetha "umntu", genos lithetha "isiqalo". Igama elithi "into" livela umba Latin ( «lwenza ukuvelisa"). Ngoko wabiza Iimeko ezichaphazela inkqubo, amandla abo okuqhuba.

Nayiphi na impembelelo zabantu eziphilayo, okusingqongileyo yonke - kuba izinto ezenziwe ngabantu. Imizekelo zikhona kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle. Kukho amatyala utshintsho kakuhle kwi uhlobo ngokunxulumene nemisebenzi yendalo esingqongileyo. Kodwa ke inkoliso oluntu kakubi, ifuthe maxa wambi kuxhelo biosphere.

Indawo nendima nemeko yomntu ekutshintsheni ubuso Earth

Naluphi na uhlobo lomsebenzi kwezoqoqosho labemi ichaphazela ubudlelwane phakathi eziphilayo kunye nendalo, kukhokelela ukuhlukumeza zabo. Xa isayithi ye izakhiwo zendalo kunye nenkangeleko kukho umntu eyenziwe:

• emasimini, imiyezo kunye neegadi;
• amadama, emachibini, imijelo;
• iipaki, ihlathi emasimini;
• amadlelo belima.

Kwi le ndoda-Ukufana iinkqubo zendalo impembelelo anthropogenic elizayo, zasemanzini kunye izinto abiotic yokusingqongileyo. Imizekelo: Ukuqulunqwa ezinkqantosini - emasimini yezolimo; amachibi yene.

Njengoko umntu kuchaphazela indalo?

Uluntu - yinxalenye Biosphere Umhlaba - kwithuba elide uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi ezingqonge iimeko zokusingqongileyo. Nophuhliso e-nervous system, ingakumbi ingqondo, ngenxa kuphuculo izixhobo umntu zabasebenzi uye waba negalelo kwiinkqubo yokuzivelela kunye nezinye on Earth. Okokuqala kuyimfuneko ukukhankanya wabongamela amandla ngoomatshini, umbane kunye nuclear. Ngenxa yoko, watshintsha kakhulu nakumphezulu noqweqwe, yemfuduko eyandileyo biogenic-athom.

Zonke ukwahluka lweempembelelo uluntu kokusingqongileyo - oku izinto ezenziwe ngabantu. Imizekelo yempembelelo embi:

• ukuncitshiswa zolondolozo kwezimbiwa;
• kwamahlathi;
• Ungcoliseko lomhlaba;
• ukuzingela nokuloba;
• ukutshatyalaliswa kweentlobo zasendle.

impembelelo ezincumisayo ngabantu onokuphila kunxulumene kwimiqathango yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Wazithwala phandle reforestation kunye ukutyalwa kwemithi, imbonakalo kunye nokuphucula ukuhlaliswa kwabantu, zokungaqheli izilwanyana (ezincancisayo, iintaka, intlanzi).

Yintoni eyenziwayo ukuphucula ubudlelwane phakathi komntu umhlaba onokuphila?

Le mizekelo ingasentla of zinto ezenziwe kwezendalo, ungenelelo yabantu kwindalo lubonisa ukuba ifuthe ukuze ilunge okanye mibi. Ezi iimpawu ezinemiqathango, kuba nempembelelo entle xa iimeko zatshintsha kaninzi iba nako, okt. E. Kubaluleke phezu okubi. Imisebenzi yabantu kaninzi kakubi nemvelo ngaphezu inzuzo. Le nyaniso ungachazwa kophulwa kwemithetho yemvelo, ekhoyo kwizigidi zeminyaka.

Buyela ngo-1971 phezu weZizwe eziManyeneyo Educational, Scientific and Umbutho yeNkcubeko (UNESCO) yavunywa yi kwiNkqubo Biological International, othi "Man and Biosphere". umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukufundela nokuthintelwa inguqu engentle kwimeko-bume. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abantu abadala kunye nemibutho zokusingqongileyo zabantwana, amaziko emfundo bakhathazeka kakhulu malunga nokulondolozwa kwengxubevange yendalo.

Indlela ukuphucula impilo yokusingqongileyo?

Siye safumanisa ukuba yintoni na into anthropogenic kwizinto eziphilayo, ibhayoloji, ngendawo kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi. Qaphela ukuba intlalo-ntle phakathi kwabantu, ubomi izizukulwana zangoku nezizayo kuxhomekeka kumgangatho kunye nefuthe uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kokusingqongileyo. Kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa imingcipheko kokusingqongileyo kunye indima yeemeko ezimbi anthropogenic.

Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, nkqu ulondolozo lwe-biodiversity akwanelanga ukuqinisekisa impilo kokusingqongileyo. Kusenokuba ezimbi zabantu ezahlukeneyo edlulileyo, kodwa radiation enamandla, iikhemikhali kunye nezinye iintlobo zongcoliseko.

link ocacileyo phakathi impilo yendalo, indoda kunye neqondo ngempembelelo anthropogenic. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa ifuthe elibi luyafuneka ukwenza sengqondo entsha kokusingqongileyo, uxanduva ngobukho ekhuselekileyo zasendle kunye nezityalo.