Castle Insterburg: inkcazelo, imbali, olunomdla

Insterburg Castle ise kwingingqi Kaliningrad. City Chernyakhiv, ngaphandle enqabeni yomkhosi, zinika abakhenkethi ukwazi amabandla mabini ezelwe, endala nenqaba amanzi kwaye ukukwazi ukungena i ngokwakha waseJamani kakuhle igcinwe.

incazelo

Castle Insterburg (eKaliningrad) - enye izakhiwo ezininzi yamandulo ibekwe kwi kummandla lo mmandla. Imihla zokwakha ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-14, Indlu yemboniselo somthi waqala ukwakha 1336 ukuba iimfuno uMyalelo leTeutonic, iNkosi ngelo xesha eDietrich von Altenburg. ekugqibeleni Wooden nqaba indawo kwisakhiwo ngamatye.

Castle Insterburg libhekisela isakhiwo yokhuselo ngeenxa ukuba amandla ukuzithethelela alungileyo wemba umsele ezaliswe ngamanzi. ekungeneni kwamanzi isigxina yabonelelwa iinqaba, leyo wayalela izibonelelo yimisinga ezimbini ezincinane. Ukwakhiwa imikhosi Prussia luchazwe phantsi kwesikhokelo uMyalelo olwenziwe.

Ziziphi unyaka lo isakhiwo somthi indawo ilitye, imbali ithe cwaka, kwakusazeka ukuba nqaba phantsi kabini kuphanza. Ixesha lokuqala ngo-1376, xa iindonga nqaba wawa phantsi yengcinezelo Lithuanian Grand Duke Sverdeyka umkhosi. Okwesibini inqaba kutshatyalaliswa amtshisa phantse elikhulu kwiminyaka kamva, ngowe-1457, ebudeni bemfazwe phakathi izixeko Prussia. Iindonga zakhiwa kwaye kwakhona wawa, wemba wangxoka isiseko, yakhiwa ngamatye amakhulu zasendle, wahlala engenawo nomkrwelo, ngoku ezigcinwe phantse ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni.

nomgomo

Yintoni Inqaba Insterburg ngokuqesha ekuqaleni? Okokuqala, kuyinto isakhiwo ukuzithethelela eyakhelwe ukukhusela kwintsimi ezoyiswa ukusuka iyangena kwi Lithuanians. Ukongeza iinjongo zomkhosi, yayisebenza indawo ngokuhlalisana lamajoni yoMyalelo leTeutonic, abizelwe zokhuseleko umda kwaye kuliwe imisebenzi ukufaka intsimi entsha.

bokwakha

Insterburg Castle - inezakhiwo, eziquka iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: kwinqaba iShushan kunye Forburga. Kwinqaba iShushan kwaku amalungu uMyalelo. Ukwakhiwa yindlela amile sendawo evaliweyo kunye imigangatho ezimbini ukuphakama. Ngokwemveli, iindonga zamafu, akukho imihombiso kunye iminyango window. Inxalenye engaphakathi kwinqaba iShushan imele iyadi kunye ngasequleni. Isiseko kunye ongaphantsi nenqaba elakhiwe unyango erhabaxa rough ilitye, ngokuphindaphindiweyo iindonga eyakhiwe ngezitena zodaka. Kwinqanaba le chap slits iShushan emxinwa zanikezelwa ukubamba ukuziphendulela. Ukuqhuba elibukhali ngengingqi kunye nalowo umbandezeli bakhwela udonga, apho setyhula ikhosi (vergang) wayebekwe khona. Battle Isangqa nelawula wayifulela nophahla gable exandekeni. Kwinqaba iShushan yakhokelela ucango kuphela, ibekwe ngasentshonalanga etikweni.

indawo side Forburga ziluvingcile iindonga zamafu, ukuphindaphinda isimo se encotsheni yenduli. Kule nxalenye ye zakhiwo nqaba wahlanganiselwa amajoni. Forburga singene kwigumbi nga ukususela kumgangatho wokuqala, nomnyango ukusukela kwicala kwinqaba iShushan. Ofumaneka ngaphezu abazalwana kumgangatho wokuqala iiseli enxulumene sicatshulwa lwangaphakathi. Igumbi leNkomfa kunye indlwana akhiwe izakhiwo ezimbini kumantla aba-storied ezimbini.

nqaba ende

Ukuze siqinise ukhuseleko Forburga yafakwa neenqaba ezinde, wenza imisebenzi besikolo kunye ukulwa. Ukongeza, ukuba Axhotyiswe iiseli entolongweni, yaye kwigumbi elingaphantsi kumzi omnye kubo entolongweni. Xa likaxakeka, amajoni bakwazi ukuphuma esebenzisa sicatshulwa komhlaba. Wabakhokela ukusuka kwinqaba ngasentla, wabaleka phantsi icandwe, batsalela kuyo abasabileyo emlanjeni.

Inani elipheleleyo le ikampu malunga namakhulu amabini abantu. Inqaba mpuma Forburga ke imilo libe, ngoku kuphela isiseko wahlala kulo. Nenqaba kumntla-ntshona ekuthiwa Paynturm, lwayinqila ngeenxa zonke, wafumana umonakalo omkhulu ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yeSibini, kwaye kule minyaka 70 sachithwa, kwakunye phantse yonke nqaba Insterburg. Imbali ithi le Inqaba ebetha clock kunye intsimbi enkulu. Enye - emzantsi-mpuma - ende yaba likhulu kwayo elivulekayo bokwakha ekungeneni kunye nesango eliyintloko kungeniswa ezintsonkothileyo.

Le nqaba yatshatyalaliswa ngokuthe: ngo-1684 abemi ndiyibone lonke uzuko lwayo, yaye ngenkulungwane ye-19 kulo lonke kwakukho inqaba omnye kuphela, batshatyalaliswa iindonga.

Amakhosi installers

Ukutyhubela imbali yayo, Insterburg (nqaba) waba yindawo yokusabela abantu begazi kunye zasebukhosini eYurophu. Ngoko ke, ngo-1704 i-velmozhny Pole Czartoryski ezimele nentsapho yakhe phakathi kweendonga zayo. Ngenkulungwane ye-17 ukuba esoloko ngamalungu ohlanga, ngokungathi kunjalo, kuba ixesha elide babehlala enqabeni iKumkanikazi Maria Eleonora of Sweden, leyo ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kweziseko zasezidolophini kunye noqoqosho.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo fleur basebukhosini badlula evela Iikhorido Insterburg nqaba yaba yindawo ukusetyenziswa nikhetha ngakumbi. Kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini (18 no-19) ibekwe ngaphakathi zokugcina zomkhosi, inkundla kunye nomhlaba iinkundla enzima, ebudeni imfazwe kukaNapoleon - isibhedlele yinqubo. Nesabelo esitsha ngasinye kwezi zakhiwo yaphinda yakhiwa Insterburg enqabeni yomkhosi, izindlu yene. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19 ukusuka ubuhle yangaphambili kuhlala iindonga bubuhle, isiseko kunye Paynturm nenqaba nangoku kangangeeyure. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane, njengoko abaphandi bayavuma, iindonga Uyalwa baphelelwa ligunya njengoko engeyomfuneko.

Insterburg (lock) emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I owayephethe kuloo maziko mabini. I-History Museum, akamsalisela yavulwa Forburga wabamba kwiNkundla yoMmandla. Ngexesha ekulweni, ngo-1945, i-complex yayonakele ngomlilo yesaqhwithi. Emva kwemfazwe, ikampu emkhosini limile ngeendawo eziseleyo, kwaye ngo-1949 umlilo kwaqhambuka kwinqaba iShushan. Ngenxa yoko, iindonga ezingaphandle asinda, elingaphakathi, uphahla somgangatho kutshiswa ngokupheleleyo. Yaba sisiqalo ukhetha ugqabazoQXml Forburga, izitena amazwe sokubuyiselwa lweziseko Lithuania. Kule 50 Ezinye lwesakhiwo kunye ndawo batshintshelwa inani RSU 1. Le nqaba Isakhiwo elandelayo kwenzeka ngo-2010, Insterburg Castle ngoku ilawulwa yi ROC.

Community "Castle Indlu"

Ngowe-1997 iqela abathanda beza Insterburg enqabeni yomkhosi. Imbali nqaba iye yaqhubeka kwaye nethemba sokuzalwa ngokutsha. Ukususela ngowe-1999, lo mbutho ezifumene iwonga yoluntu non-ngeniso i "Castle Indlu". umsebenzi omninzi sele wenziwe, kangangokuba ngowe-2003, ii-NGOs ndafumana ithuba ngokusesikweni ukuba umsebenzisi kuphela lesikhumbuzo zembali.

Ngo-2006, ngenxa yeenzame amalungu zakhiwo Chateau mbutho kufakwa kwiprogram federal ukukhusela ngelifa lembali "Culture of Russia". Imali eyabelwe kule program yenziwe ukuphumeza imisebenzi yolondolozo, ukwenza inani zophando lwezenzululwazi, inxalenye uyilo uqikelelo amaxwebhu ukubuyisela litye lesikhumbuzo.

umsebenzi

Uthatho-nxaxheba kwiprogram federal yaphela ngokunxulumene nokudlulisela ku kumnini omtsha nqaba. Ngexesha umsebenzi wombutho "Castle Indlu" ukugcina nokukhuthaza ngembali nqaba kwenziwa Insterburg kwaye iyaqhubeka ukusebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Iziko abakhenkethi kunye kubonelelo ngeenkonzo zolwazi.
• Le ndawo emfundo yabantwana.
• Iindibano kunye nobugcisa isicelo iziko Studies Cultural.
• Umboniso imbali museum Local. izinto thaca malunga nophuhliso lomzi, wakha diorama le Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf.
• Ngokuqhubekekayo ezisebenza kwilebhu zembali.
• Art gallery kunye neentlanganiso iholo.

Community "Castle Indlu" ibamba uthotho iiprojekthi ngamazwe ejoliswe ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukusombulula iinjongo zemfundo nenkcubeko. Ke kaloku, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, amalungu oluntu badla ulondolozo kunye nokubuyiselwa leTeutonic Castle, kancinci kancinci ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga uMyalelo kunye nobungqina obubonakalayo kuhlala kule nqaba. Emva yophando lwabo liya kuququzelela iinkomfa zenzululwazi, iisemina, leyo ukutsala abantu abaselula Insterburg enqabeni yomkhosi.

modernity

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku Insterburg nqaba esimbaxa ibekwe sikwimo igcinwe. umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa singàphunyezwa; kodwa ukuba abalondolozwa, asitshatyalaliswa. Iindwendwe aqonde ixabiso izakhiwo ukugcina iindonga kwinqaba iShushan, abanye ukufikelela ukuphakama kwawo yokuqala.

Imeko olwanelisayo lokusinda izakhiwo basezifama emazantsi zakhiwo. Enyuka iiholo woxande olude aphakathi akayi kuphumelela, bashiya nje. Kodwa apha unako ukubona indlela ogangathiweyo, ukwakha ngengqondo inqaba emhlabeni esindile kwigumbi elingaphantsi, ukuva amabali ezininzi uMyalelo leTeutonic, simazi kakuhle umsebenzi "Castle Indlu" ekuhlaleni.