Zinkomo uhlobo abamnyama-motley, zizalele, imveliso

imazi Black-mhlophe yeyela kudidi izilwanyana ehlambulukileyo-owodwa zifunwa kakhulu phakathi kumafama. imveliso High ubisi - umgangatho ephambili yale uhlobo. Kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela iimpawu namantshontsho amathokazi abamnyama-motley.

Inkcazelo eziphilayo

Zinkomo uhlobo abamnyama-motley isuselwe nokuwela eziliqela Dutch iintlobo zeegusha. Iinkomo of umbala omnyama-motley has a nokuma elungileyo, namathambo omeleleyo likhulu kakhulu. Isiqu lesilwanyana leevoti, emva ngqo, imilenze ngqo ibekwe ngqo. Ubunzima avareji inkomo 500-650 kg kwaye inkunzi - 950-1000 kg. Amathole zidla enziwa enobunzima ezimalunga nama-40 kg. Animal inyama umgangatho owamkelekileyo. Milk - injongo ephambili apho yakhulela imazi omnyama nomhlophe. Imveliso ezi zilwanyana uphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, kumyinge isivuno ubisi lwenkomo nganye zingaqala 4000 ukuya 6500 kg ubisi. Kwisalathisi Umxholo yalo nenqatha kuka-3.5%.

inkomo Black nezinala ukuziqhelanisa lula ukuba kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu kwaye babe nempilo entle kakhulu. Ngenxa zokungaqheli okukhawulezayo, izilwanyana ezinjalo apha kakuhle kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Phakathi iimazi zobisi kwi inani lempahla efuywayo abahlala kwindawo yesibini. Kule mihla, oosonzululwazi sisebenza ukuphuculwa izilwanyana abamnyama-motley ngotyetyiso uhlobo ecocekileyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimeko zemozulu kweendawo ezahlukeneyo indawo. Ukuphucula iimpawu eziphathekayo kwandisa ukuvelisa usebenzisa zeenkomo Dutch kunye Holstein-lemazi.

Imbali ivela uhlobo

Cow uhlobo abamnyama nabamhlophe zathathwa ngexesha eSoviet Union. Ngoko ke, ngo-1930-1932 gg. kummandla eRashiya bevela ePoland, i aseBalti kunye eJamani wanikela inani elikhulu lezilwanyana abamnyama kwaye inemibalabala, leyo zabekwa kwimimandla ehlukeneyo yelizwe. Ukususela ngoko, siye saqalisa ezizalana ngokubonakalayo iimazi njenge uhlobo enyulu okanye wawela kunye nezinye iintlobo, ezazifihliwe ngokwahlukileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yomsebenzi ixesha elide phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo yokuhlala, ukudla, lokuzalanisa kuyenzeka baphethe i uhlobo nonuniform yeenkomo, nto leyo 1959 evunyiweyo phantsi igama "yenkomo emnyama namhlophe."

iintlobo zeengxondorha

Ngenxa yoko lokuba zikhe amatakane wakwazi ukufumana iintlobo ezininzi iimazi abamnyama-motley ukuba izixa ezahlukeneyo isivuno ubisi, ubisi isiqulatho ezityebileyo bhetyebhetye neemeko zemozulu:

1. imazi Black-mhlophe engundoqo imimandla Russia - owodwa yi ezikhwela amatakane Dutch Kholmogory kunye Yaroslavl. Izilwanyana yale hlobo zinkulu kakhulu kwaye zinika isivuno eliphezulu ubisi (ngonyaka ngamnye ukuya ku-6000 kg), kodwa zingaphantsi ubisi mafutha - hayi ngaphezulu kwe-3.6%.
2. uhlobo Black-and-White phambene - yabunjwa ngokuwela Tagil lenkomo East Frisians yaye ngokuyinxenye dwala kwiBaltic. Ezi iimazi angasenamveliso kakuhle (3700-5500 kg yobisi ngonyaka), kodwa bongamile kwezinye iintlobo ngokwemiqathango mafutha - 3.8-4%.
3. Omnyama nomhlophe Cow eSiberia - ziyenziwa ngenxa cross-ezizalayo kunye iintlobo zasekuhlaleni ostfzriskoy iinkomo zaseSiberia. Oku iinkomo enamandla kwaye ngaphantsi kancinci iintlobo angaphambili imveliso ngaphantsi. Ngenxa yoko, kumyinge isivuno ubisi isusela ukususela 3500 ukuya 5000 kg ubisi. avareji mafutha (ukusuka 3.7 ukuya 3.9%) Indicator.

imfuyo zone yokuzalela

Nokuzalana iinkomo ezimnyama-mhlophe hlobo waphawula kuzo zonke iingingqi weRashiya. Eli nani likhulu iinkomo kukho kwimimandla kumntla-ntshona weli lizwe, Western naseMpuma eSiberia, i Urals, North Caucasus kunye East Far. hlobo athandwa kakhulu Moldova kunye nakumazantsi Ukraine.

Iimpawu yokuza-

Ukugcinwa kunye ukufuya iinkomo abamnyama nabamhlophe phantse iyafana nezinye iintlobo eemazi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sifike izilwanyana ezinjalo kufanele kube lula ukubala iindleko nokugcinwa yayo kunye nenzuzo izicwangciso. iimazi uhlobo yobisi Black-namhlophe kunye ngenyameko omhle ukunika ingeniso elungileyo, kodwa endaweni kufuna kakhulu umgudu. Ngenxa yoko, umxholo iinkomo iquka ezininzi iinkqubo: ukusenga, ukondla, ukucoca izitali, hay, etc ...

Xa ukuxutywa weenkomo abamnyama nabamhlophe kubalulekile ukucinga ngale ndawo apho kuya kubakho. Kufuneka ube owomileyo, nobubele kwaye iphangalele (ubuncinane 20m²). ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka isondlo ebusika. Ngokuqhelekileyo Disemba inkomo okhulelweyo, kodwa waqhubeka ubisi. Iqumrhu iimazi abakhulelweyo ngenxa kwemveliso yobisi imbi ukuthingaza olukhulu. Ngeli xesha, isilwanyana kufuneka ukhathalelo ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba inkomo inomoya owaneleyo, barn lighted. Iqondo lobushushu Igumbi kufuneka iphakeme, isilwanyana akuthethi supercool. Iqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo - 5 ukuya ku-12 ° C.

Zisanyisa kunye nokusenga

Zinkomo uhlobo abamnyama-motley yokusengwa ngendlela efanayo nezinye iimazi zobisi. Ngoko ke, banikela isivuno esihle ukuya ku 12-17 zisanyisa, nangona eli xesha bagcinwa kwiimeko ezinqabileyo. Inani eliphezulu ubisi kunokuqulunqwa phakathi lactations-4 no-5.

A nempembelelo enkulu phezu imveliso kunye nokhathalelo olusemgangathweni babe imeko apho ahlala inkomo uhlobo omnyama nomhlophe. Isivuno zobisi kuba mkhulu, ukuba wenze imigaqo esisiseko okubhalwe iinkomo. Kwindawo ezolileyo nonobubele yokuphatha inkomo ebotshelelwe kumnini kwaye ngokulula kakuhle izakhono yokuziphatha.

ukuvuthwa ngokweSondo luqhubeka xa iimazi kweenyanga ezi-6, kodwa ke kwimeko zeenkomo okwangoku. ukukhula kwezoqoqosho kwiinyanga 16 xa ubunzima live isilwanyana ubuncinane 70% weemazi abadala.

Iimpawu yokudla

Abanini eemazi abamnyama-motley kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba, ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu kufuna ukutya ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, umnyaka isilwanyana kufuneka ibe centners ubuncinane 20 hay, ukongeza, imixutywa kunye ukutya kamnandi. Ukusuka cow amandla ixhomekeke umgangatho nobungakanani ubisi.

Ebusika koovimba kufuneka ibekwe kwentaka. Ngobukhulu kufuneka iqulathe kokhonza hay. Igumbi kwakhona kufuneka bafake Umphanda amanzi imazi ndingasela nangaliphi na ixesha. Ukuba amanzi koovimba ebusika akuthethi ngumkhenkce, lo nomgqomo aya kugcinwa njalo ngokupheleleyo. Vuselela ukusela enqwenelekayo ubuncinane kanye ngemini, kuba kunye kuwugcina ngokuwubopha lesilwanyana emanzini ufumana oluninzi ukutya, yaye ngokukhawuleza uyacima. Ukuba yasebusika ithemometha barn yingqele amaqondo obushushu, amanzi kufuneka anikwe lonke ixesha entsha.

Kuxhomekeke kwisayizi kunye ubudala umthamo ukutya ebusika inokuba nomahluko kancinane. Ukuze ube ukutya ngokwaneleyo, uyacebiswa ukuba ukulungiselela malunga 30 centners iindiza ifula, kunye 55 c kwezilwanyana kamnandi. Le isidlo esikhulu, ekufuneka badle cow uhlobo omnyama nomhlophe. ezidla Ukondliwa Kucetyiswa ku 100 g ngamnye 1 ilitha kwemveliso yobisi. Ukuba isixa esikhulu ubisi eveliswe, ithamo lungandiswa.

Ukuba kukho umfana, ukudla ubusika makabe centners 15 wenu kunye weSucculent kwezilwanyana centners 9 intloko nganye.

iingxaki kunokwenzeka isiqulatho uhlobo

Iimazi uhlobo abamnyama nabamhlophe esibonakala lezempilo kunye nokuvelisa eliphezulu ubisi. Kodwa iinkomo aphezulu evelisa ungeniselo isivuno ubisi ayonelanga. Kwaye ukuze ezihambelanayo kuphela ufuzo embi, kodwa iimeko zangaphandle. Ngoko ke, lo imveliso lemfuyo abachatshazelwa iimeko ezifana nexesha lonyaka, ukutya okunesondlo, imozulu, ubudala, ubunzima, ixesha lokuphumla phambi kokuba zizale. Kwakhona, iinkomo abamnyama kunye zinaso zifuna ulondolozo ngenyameko kunye nesiqulatho esemgangathweni. Izazinzulu wenza uphando apho amabini Iimazi unina efana agcinwe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Omnye waba eninzi imali kwi saso, kunye nezinye yayigcinwe nakwiimeko ezinzima. Kwimeko yokuqala iimazi likhule evelisa umongikazi omkhulu, ngoxa yesibini - indlovu eqhelekileyo.