Iimpawu asisigxina and non-morphological zezimelabizo

Ngolwimi izityebi IsiRashiya inani elikhulu kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zentetho. La ngamaqela zamagama kudityaniswe omnye komnye ihamba iinkalo ezahlukeneyo eqhelekileyo. Phakathi kwazo kukho izichazi, izimelabizo, izenzi, izibizo, nezihlomelo kunye nabanye. Nganye kuzo, njengoko abaninzi iimpawu zabo, kufuneka kuxoxwe ngokwahlukeneyo.

iimpawu Morphological zezimelabizo zahlukahlukene kakhulu, njengoko oku njengenxalenye ntetho yi kunokuba umdla yaye yahlukile kwezinye. Iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu malunga ngazo lungafumaneka kweli nqaku.

Yintoni isimelabizo

Kakade ke, kuqala kufuneka ijongane nesibakala ukuba isimelabizo jikelele. Eli qela lamagama yenye yezona ndawo ezimeleyo zentetho. Akazi ukubiza ngqo achaza izinto, inani labo okanye izinto ngokwabo.

Ngoko, kwi izindululo isimelabizo indawo ezinye ezizimeleyo izigaba zentetho: izibizo, amanani kunye nezichazi.

Imibuzo apho mpendulo izimelabizo ezahlukileyo. Baya linokusetyenziswa izibizo ( "into", "ngubani?"), Ke amagama nani ( "njani?"), Yaye nezichazi ( "ntoni?").

Ziziphi iimpawu ku izimelabizo

Nayiphi na inxalenye yokuthetha obukhoyo ulwimi IsiRashiya eziliqela iimpawu ezinika ingcaciso. Kakade ke, kufuneka izimelabizo, kakhulu. Ezo mpawu ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezimbini eziphambili:

- syntax ezichaza indima izigaba zentetho kwisivakalisi;

- iimpawu morphological zezimelabizo, enika nje thina ukuqonda ukuba kwimeko ethile sisebenzisana isimelabizo kunokuba nayo nayiphi na inxalenye yokuthetha.

features syntactic

Indima izimelabizo kwizivakalisi yahlukile, kunokuba nto. Isizathu sokuba kule yantlukwano kukuba la mazwi kuba indawo izichazi kunye izibizo kunye namanani. Kuxhomekeke yinxalenye ntetho iya kutshintshwa kuze kufakwe isimelabizo, oko kuya kuxhomekeka, inkcazelo, isivisa okanye elinye ilungu wesivakalisi.

features morphological

Olu phawu eli qela magama ebanzi kakhulu, ekubeni kuxhomekeke kwakhona kwi injongo apho yinxalenye isimelabizo yokuthetha yenza replacement kwimeko ethile.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ulwimi Russian kukho iimpawu morphological zilandelayo izimelabizo: abasisigxina kunye non-abasisigxina. Udidi lokuqala luquka zonke ezo izinto ziyahluka ukusuka isimelabizo iindawo lokuphumla ezininzi zentetho. Udidi lwesibini iqulathe uluhlu lweempawu ukuba ngandlel 'usenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

iimpawu esisigxina

Makhe sithethe yokuqala malunga iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kule didi lwamagama. iimpawu morphological Constant ziquka izimelabizo ezifana ngcamango alahlwayo. Amanzi ezithile linga nenani naliphi kwelizwi isimelabizo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukuhlelwa ezimbini eziphambili kule nxalenye yokuthetha. Kukho khupha zihlelwe kwixabiso, yaye ngokuxhomekeke yeseti iimpawu zegrama.

Kwakhona iimpawu rhoqo morphological zezimelabizo angamelwa iingqiqo ezifana umntu, isini kunye nenombolo. Kodwa rhoqo iimpawu idatha enye kuphela iqela izigaba zentetho, nto leyo eya kuthi ichazwe ngezantsi.

izimelabizo iyasebenza ungazama ukunciphisa enenjongo

Kukho ezininzi esithoba iindidi ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo yahlulwe kwi amagama anxulumene izimelabizo. Isabelo omnye kumaqela isekelwe ixabiso ethwele kukodwa isimelabizo.

Iqela lokuqala okanye udidi zezimelabizo - zobuqu, isalatha-nxaxheba ngqo kwi ifowuni (umzekelo, "wena" okanye "Mna"), abo ayithethi inxaxheba, kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo (ezifana "bona" okanye "yena") .

Iqela lesibini izimelabizo - returnable. Lo mqathango igama elinye kuphela - "self". Kukho ebonisa ungubani na into okanye umntu ukuba isifundo (Yena ngokwakhe esingakhathalalenga).

Iqela lesithathu zezimelabizo - zogxininiso. Oku kuquka gama-imibuzo walatha kwiqela, okanye iimpawu izinto kunye nabantu. Umzekelo, amagama "kangakanani", "umntu", "yintoni na."

Iqela wesine izimelabizo - isalamane. Nanga amazwi efanayo kwiqela edlulileyo, kodwa ke zifumaneka kwizivakalisi ezimbaxa kunye nokusebenza ikhonkco phakathi kumacandelo abo. Kanti kuthiwa amagama encedisayo.

Iqela wesihlanu izimelabizo - ukulawula. amagama eziyeleleneyo apha ethetha ngento ethile yelo ezinye into okanye umntu. Abameli beli udidi zezi, umzekelo, igama elithi "lam", "abo", "yena", "yakho".

Iqela wesithandathu izimelabizo - elingenammiselo. La mazwi indlela ukuvakalisa elingenammiselo uhlobo, imali, iimpawu okanye umbandela incoko. Bamele ukuhlanganiswa izimelabizo zogxininiso kunye nezimaphambili "into" kunye "hayi" okanye isimamva "a", "a", "i". Eli qela, umzekelo, aquka la magama "omnye umntu", "abanye", "wobeka phi na into."

Iqela yesixhenxe izimelabizo - negative. Xa ntetho la magama alandelayo asetyenziswa kwiimeko apho into le ngxoxo okanye angekhoyo. Enziwa izimelabizo zogxininiso, ukuya apho isimaphambili eqhotyoshelweyo "hayi" kwaye "hayi." Kweli qela anokufunyanwa, umzekelo, izimelabizo, "akukho mntu", "akukho mntu", "hayi".

Iqela wesibhozo zezimelabizo kuthiwa index. Ngawo la amagama ngayo ukuchaza okanye bachaze inani okanye naluphi uphawu bento. Imizekelo yezi izimelabizo zezi zilandelayo: "lowo", "abaninzi", "oku", "oku".

Iqela wethoba izimelabizo - attributive, esalatha ngumqondiso into umbuzo. Kukhona amagama afana "naliphi na," "kakhulu," "enye," "nje," "ngokwam" njalo-njalo. N.

izimelabizo iyasebenza ungazama ukunciphisa ngokuxhomekeke isici lwegrama

Constant iimpawu morphological izimelabizo zikwaquka amasuntswana leyo luphawulwa iimpawu zegrama. Kuxhomekeka ezi zimelabizo ukuze ilingane izichazi, izibizo okanye amanani.

Izimelabizo, idlala indima izichazi abonakalisa iimpawu zezinto. Amagama anxulumene kwesi sigaba ziquka:

- yonke into ukusuka kudidi kwezimelabizo kunye attributive bunini;

- ezinye i index obhobhozayo ( "le", "oku", "oku", "ezifana" "ukuba");

- yinxalenye wayemana zogxininiso kunye isalamane ( "umntu", "ngubani", "indlela");

- izimelabizo ndakukhupha ekungaqinisekwanga kwaye ezimbi, ukuba lungafumaneka kwi kumhlathi ongaphambili.

Iqela wesibhozo zezimelabizo kuthiwa index. Ezi ziquka amagama ngayo ukuchaza okanye bachaze inani okanye naluphi uphawu bento. Imizekelo zezimelabizo ezifana unako ukukhonza njenge "omnye", "abaninzi", "oku", "oku".

Iqela wethoba izimelabizo - attributive, esalatha ngumqondiso into umbuzo. Kukhona amagama afana "naliphi na," "kakhulu," "enye," "nje," "ngokwam" njalo-njalo. N.

Izimelabizo, idlala indima amanani, kukho iqela elincinane, equka amazwi athi "kakhulu", "indlela", "na", "inqwaba" yaye "kakhulu". Amazwi eli qela ezijongeneyo ukuba inani lezinto.

Izimelabizo abasebenza izibizo, walatha kwi into ngokwayo, ngawo. Olu didi limelwe magama alandelayo:

- wonke phantsi kwezimelabizo yokumpompoza;

- buyela "self";

- izimelabizo ndakukhupha isalamane nezibuzayo ( "ntoni" kwaye "ngubani ');

- izimelabizo ndakukhupha ekungaqinisekwanga kwaye ezimbi, ukuba lungafumaneka kwi kumhlathi ongaphambili ( "omnye", "omnye", "akukho nto", njl ...).

Ingakumbi izimelabizo, izibizo

ukukhathalelwa komntwana ngamnye, izimelabizo, zibandakanywa kudidi lobuqu. Eli qela liqulathe abangama-magama ezisithoba, khumbula ukuba kakhulu ilula. bonke abo phawu lunye akafumaneki kwezinye iindidi izimelabizo.

iimpawu rhoqo morphological yamagama ziquka ingqiqo udidi olunye nje kuphela apho banendawo. Eli qela luphawulwa yi kukuba kukho inkalo engaguquki ebusweni.

Xa iyonke kukho amaqela amathathu bantu:

- umntu 1st zimelwe ngamagama athi "thina" yaye "I";

- umntu 2 - "wena," yaye "wena";

- umntu wesithathu - "ukuba", "bona", "yena" yaye ". Yena"

Enye inkalo engaguquki izimelabizo kuchitha a kuzenza. Hayi njalo le nkcazelo enikezelwe imithombo, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukwazi bayithathele ingqalelo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye sodidi eqhelekileyo iquka amagama athi "" kunye "nam." Amagama kwi qela limelwe liqela lesithathu kwaye isinye, "ukuba", "ukuba", "yena" lo ngokomyinge, inkunzi nemazi ozelwe ngokulandelelanayo. Kule hlobo umqondiso ayinaso amazwi alo ukubhobhoza, apho inani isininzi ( "ukuba", "wena", "thina").

izimelabizo uphawu lecebo ukubayinxalenye kudidi lobuqu, inani elo sizalwa kuzo.

peculiarity sayo, kunye nezimelabizo ndakukhupha isalamane nezibuzayo 'yintoni' yaye 'ubani'. Kukweyiphi na imeko, la mazwi abhekisele nenombolo eyodwa. Ngelo ummeli ngexesha elinye neuter ke 'yintoni' yaye abantu -. "Ngubani" Iimpawu Morphological zezimelabizo elingenammiselo kunye nezimelabizo nokukhutshwa elibi, leyo lungafumaneka la mazwi, ngokufanayo. Ngenxa yoko, kweli qela zezimelabizo kunye yamanzi ukuba inxulumana leyo, iimpawu engaguquki na isini kunye nenombolo.

Little okanye akukho zimpawu zezimelabizo

Properties iyatshintshatshintsha kuxhomekeka kwimeko ilifa iimpawu wexu morphological zezimelabizo. Kananjalo asibeka izimelabizo ezahlukeneyo ngoweqela kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo ntetho. Ngokubanzi kweli qela ziimpawu kweekhonsepthi ezifana nesini, ityala kunye nenombolo, ukuba ikhona, ngamazwi ezithile.

Okokuqala, makhe sithethe izimelabizo, izibizo ukwenza imisebenzi. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, uninzi izimelabizo ziyinxalenye yokumpompoza, inombolo kunye nesini ziimpawu engaguquki. Esithi "bona" musani ilifa ezi mpawu zimbini. Noko ke, onke amazwi zibandakanywa kolu hlobo izimelabizo bakholisa ukuba iyahluka amatyala. Olu phawu zazo eziphambili a nonpermanent.

Ukuba isimelabizo edlala indima izichazi, ngoko ukutshintsha iimpawu baya mzekelo, isini kunye nenombolo ngokungqinelana lesibizo esiyintloko bayibiza leyo. Omnye umsebenzi osemqoka morphological umboniso features esoqobo. Le isuntswana elithi "bawo", "yakhe" yaye "yena" abazitshintshi nangayiphi na indlela. Yaye phakathi iimpawu ukungaguquleki yabo ipropati bobabo njalo. Esithi "ezifana" yaye "yintoni" ukukwazi ukutshintsha kumatyala esingenayo.

Izimelabizo zokusebenza imisebenzi amanani azinazo iimpawu zombini isini kunye nenombolo. Kuyinto impahla yabo iyafana zonke neenyumerali ebalulekileyo. Ngoko ke, ezi mpawu non-permanent morphological zezimelabizo, ukhadinali thaca utshintsho kuphela amatyala. Iya kwenjiwa kwesibizo basebenzisane ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- kule meko nominative kwaye wesenzo run njengesibizo yesininzi genitive;

- kule meko elibhalwe ngokumileyo ziyavumelana izibizo.

Ubume uhlahlelo morphological ezi zimelabizo

iimpawu Morphological zezimelabizo kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba uhlalutyo morphological, nto leyo kuye kudingeke ukuba inxalenye nganye zentetho. Kuye kwenziwa ngokwezigaba eziliqela.

Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala ukubhala igama inxalenye yokuthetha kwaye ubonise uhlobo lokuqala amagama icacisiwe (oko kukuthi Imhambise kwimeko yesivakalisi, isinye).

In inyathelo lesibini lidwelisa zonke iimpawu morphological ukuba ikhona kule isimelabizo. Ekuqaleni kuluhlu iimpawu rhoqo: ngokupheleleyo zonke izimelabizo kukuthi, Kakade, esi obhobhozayo kuxhomekeka kwixabiso. Ecaleni izimelabizo yokumpompoza lobuqu elikhankanyiweyo umntu, isini kunye nenombolo, nangenxa elithi "into", "ngubani" kwaye kwasekwa ngabo kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhankanye inombolo kunye nesini. Koko sithethe ngeempawu ezingesosigxina, ukuba zikhona igama elithile.

Inqanaba lokugqibela ifuna ukuba ucacise indlela ilungu isindululo kukuba ibattery isimelabizo.