Yintoni tariqat in Islam?

Islam yintshukumo yonqulo ukuba unomdla phantse ehlabathini lonke. Ngelishwa, ngokufuthi isetyenziselwa iinjongo zabo dirty ngu abagrogrisi kunye nezaphuli zokuzigwebela amazwi kunye nemiyalezo of Allah inqwaba. Ngoko ke, kweli xesha lethu kubalulekile ukuqonda oko ngempela Islam neempakatha yayo. Olu lwazi ungagcina imiphefumlo emininzi yokuziphatha ngokungakhathali kunye nezilingo. Kunzima akhohlise lowo Bulelani ukuthanda Allah ngobuqili intliziyo. Ukuze sibe kufuphi uSomandla ukunceda iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokomoya, edume kubo tariqats. Kwinqaku lethu siza kukuxelela into tariqat nendlela kwavela. Kananjalo ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha indlela wokukhanya kokomoya, eqhelekileyo North eCaucasus.

iimpawu ngokubanzi tariqat

Abantu abaninzi benza ayifumaneki ngoko nangoko ukuze uqonde oko tariqat. Emva eli gama liye inembali ende kwaye ubutyebi, nto leyo iquka iziganeko ezininzi eziye zanegalelo ubomi lonke benkolo yamaSilamsi.

Akwenzeki ukuba zahlule sigama ezifana 'elifuna "yaye" tariqa ". Ekuqaleni ukuba ngokusondeleyo kakhulu ezinxulumene, kuba Shari'a iqulathe uluhlu imithetho nemigaqo elawula bonke ubomi ethembekile. Ngenxa kule Muslim na umzuzu khona, ukuze siphile ngokuvisisana yena noThixo. Uyacinga, imisebenzi, uzidlela yaye wenza nezinye izinto ezininzi njengoko kuthe kwalunga Allah. Kodwa akwanelanga ukwenza imithetho ethile, kuyimfuneko yesibini zonke ngengqondo bazive ulwalamano lwabo noThixo, kwaye kunceda kule Tariqa.

Ukuba elifuna sisiseko yoluntu yamaSilamsi, tariqat - indibaniselwano ulwazi kunye neenkqubo ezijolise ngokucoca umphefumlo. Ngapha koko, ekuphela kwendlela ukuzisa self yakho Allah.

Yintoni Tariqa: igama

Ukuba lo gama aguqulele ukusuka Arabic ukuya Russian, ngoko ke mdlalo ekufutshane iya kudlalwa njenge "indlela." Nguye okhokela umntu asihlambulule kuko konke izinto zehlabathi kwaye lunika imvakalelo okukhulu ulonwabo nangokuvumelana rapprochement kunye uSomandla.

izazi ukuphikisana ukuba akukho nto kweli hlabathi akufuneki ngebhaxa kuye iingcinga intloko yomntu malunga Allah. A Muslim uyakwazi ukuthatha izinto ezandleni ezahlukeneyo, kodwa intloko intliziyo yakhe kufuneka kusoloko uya kuzaliswa iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo uhlobo olunye. Abaphengululi abaninzi kukhumbuza bathembekileyo ukuba akukho nto ingako ukuthandaza ngokwemithetho - umthandazo kufuneka nibe nokusulungeka, ningabi okunomnyinyivane imicimbi kunye neengxaki zehlabathi.

Kakade ke, akukho lula kwaye ayifumaneki ikholwa zonke, kodwa tariqat akwazi ukuchitha Muslim ngokusebenzisa indlela entsonkothileyo lokuhlanjululwa komphefumlo nentliziyo. Umntu uthatha le ndlela, lahla iingcinga ezimbi, izenzo awona kunye neemvakalelo abalawuleki. Abantu tariqat ukhumbule yonke yesibini ka Allah, yaye ngubani na ezintliziyweni zabo. Le njongo wongamileyo ikholwa, apho wonke Muslim kufuneka azame.

ezenzekayo tariqat

intsingiselo Namhlanje ngayo eli gama ngoko nangoko eqina. Ukuba uzama ukufumana ukuba yintoni tariqat, ngenkulungwane IX, oko kwakuya kwabonakala phambi kwakho intsingiselo eyahlukileyo kakhulu kule kota zonqulo entsonkothileyo.

Ekuqaleni tarekat waqalisa ukulandela uluntu Sufi. Maxhoba ayethunyelwa namagatya esoteric ka-Islam, zona zashunyayelwayo ndizile, nangokuthobeka kwentliziyo, imfundo yokomoya ndahlukane iminqweno yehlabathi. Abaninzi izazi mihla bathi Sufism njenge uhlobo bulumko Muslim, nto leyo iba nefuthe elibi kakhulu ukuqonda intsingiselo Islam.

Ingakumbi eqhelekileyo tariqahs zentsimbi IX-X eminyaka. Sufis ziye wanyathela phezu umendo yokomoya self-ukubhaqa ukufumana inyaniso, leyo waziwa ngokuba Tariqa. Le ndlela uhamba iseti uqheliselo zokomoya, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni * ekuhlanjululweni, uze bawubuyise umphefumlo. Impumelelo otshatsheleyo iziyolo kwakujongwa haqiqati - ulwazi ngemvelo yobuThixo kuzo zonke obubonakala. Sufis babeqinisekile ukuba ababenokuwaqonda iindlela kuphela esebenzayo, nangokuthobeka kwentliziyo.

uphuhliso tariqat

Ngenkulungwane wamashumi amabini tariqat ingqiqo sungule ku cinca. Oku kungenxa ukuyilwa loluntu ezininzi noluntu apho ixabiso eyintloko ibhayisekili wathola "Utitshala - umfundi". Last - mureed - kwafuneka ukuba ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo inkosi yakhe, kuba nguye yedwa uyakwazi ukuchitha endleleni anzima lawo lokuhlambulula. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi uluntu kwasekwa kulo lonke ihlabathi yamaSilamsi, kunye nexabiso ezifunyenwe tariqats zesikolo, nto leyo uqeqesho oluya kuba lusenziwa murshids kunayo (ootitshala).

Kude kube tariqat ngenkulungwane XIII nzima, ezuza imithetho ezahlukeneyo kunye nezithethe. Murid kwafuneka ukuba maziqaliswe, kunye mzuzu yonke yobomi bakhe yathotyelwa kwimeko kolawulo olungqongqo kwaye ngqongqo olulawulwayo. Ngalinye tarikats babe zabo izenzo zokomoya, ubuchule kunye nemithambo. ngcembe Sufism Uyekile ukuba ubume iimfundiso anyuliweyo ayazimbela iindimbane. Bayithatha kude amaSilamsi amaninzi, ukuthatha indlela ekuyazini inyaniso.

Tariqats ngo XIII-XV eminyaka

Ekuhambeni kwexesha esikolweni, wazuza isakhiwo ecacileyo oluneqela elinegunya kunye nenkqubo ekhethekileyo bombutho. bona Around kwinkulungwane XIII waqala ukutshintsha ibe zomanyano apho discipline babebaninzi yaye kusetyenziswa izenzo mfihlakalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kulowo zomanyano isahluko baba bakhanyiselwa, nawo onke amanye amalungu oluntu aye ingqalelo ngabalandeli bakhe kunye nabafundi. Izikolo Tariqa umahluko abalulekile abazalwana baba umbutho ncam ecacileyo kunye ezithile iindlela. Ukuba ngaphambili ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhanya amaSilamsi wasebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi izenzo, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukulandela indlela sele kudlule umcebisi ophezulu zomanyano. It Ndaziswa elikwisikhundla uxhulumano. ubuchule ezininzi eyimfihlakalo yaye alondolozwe ngenyameko emehlweni prying.

K inkqubo othi ngenkulungwane XV ekugqibeleni iba kuphela ukhetho Tariqah yamkelwa e-Islam. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba wonke Muslim kufuneka athathe tariqat, emva kwayo yonke le nto, ngokutsho izazi, indoda efuna evela Allah. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, bamlibala inkqubo "Utitshala - umfundi", ukuba indawo ibhayisekili kuza "ungcwele - mafikizolo." othi umsunguli nganye liphakanyiswe saint kwaye unamandla mda kwi zomanyano. Njengoko imbali iye yabonisa, le fomati yaba esihle kakhulu. Eneneni, abaninzi abazalwana abazange babe nako ukusinda ngenxa yokungabikho emigangatho ecacileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa ubuchule ezahlukeneyo abolekwe kwezinye uluntu.

ngekhulu XV: yalitshintsha kwimbali tarikats

Ekugqibeleni K othi ngenkulungwane XV nje indlela lwalo ukhanyiso. Kwihlabathi Muslim esezantsi ethathe imilo fraternities elinambini ezinkulu ezinokukhokelela umntu kungengokwentlambululo ngokomoya. Kamva, besithi uluntu ezine. Bonke babe kwindawo yokuqala ukuze kwakhiwe kwamasebe ezahlukeneyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha baba tariqat ezizimeleyo baba nabalandeli.

Ngalinye tarikats waba usasazo kwendawo kunye nempembelelo. Kaninzi kule ndawo efanayo ngoxolo khona fraternities eziliqela. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ukuze ubume babo bekusoloko efanayo. A umahluko siyifumana ubuchule kunye dhikr, nto leyo umthandazo, owenza umthandazo ngokupheleleyo.

Iimpawu ze fraternities

Ngu XVII tariqats kwinkulungwane ezifunyenwe kakhulu isakhiwo ecacileyo, njengoko apho mfundi abaliphulaphula kuphela ngunozala abazalwana, kodwa ukuba kakhulu imimiselo lwangaphakathi kwaye ngokomgaqo. Baya azilungi usekhondweni zokuhlanjululwa ngokomoya khanyisa.

Iimpawu eziphambili zoluntu angazenza oku kulandelayo:

• ukuzithoba komntu ngunozala abazalwana;
• sabaphathi ecacileyo;
• abalandeli zaye zohlulwa ezingcwele kunye elula;
• amasiko zolwaluko;
• tariqat unenkqubo okhethekileyo olulandelenayo, izenzo kunye nobuchule, ukuphunyezwa leyo ilawulwa charter kommandla webhola;
• lehlelo olukhethekeliyo ukunqulwa abangcwele amangcwaba;
• dhikr nemikhuba olumanyanisa onke amalungu nabazalwana.

tarikats yokuhlela

Tariqats yahlulwe Shiite kunye Cartoon, kodwa ngaphandle koko, baye bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu:

• Ayar. Le tariqat umkhuba zokuhlanjululwa kokomoya ezininzi ngomthandazo olongezelelweyo. Umthandazo phezulu ku amaxesha amahlanu ngemini kwaye kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba kupheliswe dhikr nemibutho.
• Abrar. Oku tarikats qela uyawalwela ekuhlambululeni kubuzalwana nokucoca ngokomoya onke amalungu ayo.
• Shuttar. Kwezi ndawo babeqhelisela ubugcisa ezithile Ukucamngca ngokomoya, injongo kukufikelela imo bethabatheke zonqulo.

Sele ethetha ukuba uninzi fraternities babe kwindawo zabo apho kusetyenziswa kwaye ulonwabele nempembelelo enkulu. Xa iinkcukacha ngakumbi, siye sagqiba ukuba siqwalasele le Naqshbandi - tariqat, leyo aqheleka kakhulu Chechnya. Kakade ke, asikuko kuphela, kodwa usenayo apha abalandeli kakhulu.

Naqshbandi Tariqa: imbali yendalo

Ngokwemveli kukholelwa ukuba olu lobuzalwana lisukela emva phakathi kwenkulungwane XIV. Umsunguli balo Bahauddin Naqshbandi, nto leyo inxenye Siboleke izenzo ezithile yokomoya tariqat Yasawa, izihlanganisi nezinye iimfundiso eyimfihlakalo kubaphandi Sufi. Umphumo waba Umkhuba ezizodwa kakhulu apho sande ngokukhawuleza eTurkey, Central Asia yaye umda namhlanje North neAsia.

Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni ekuqaleni, Bahauddin wakhulela umoya Sufism, ngoko kakuhle izazi zonke nezo zawo. Naqshbandi Tariqa kwakusekelwe kwimigaqo eziliqela ukuba abalandeli ndihlale ngokungqongqo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo umxokelelwane wegolide le Naqshbandi tariqa (umnombo) uhamba emva kanye uMprofeti Muhammad kwaye amasebe amabini.

Siseko kunye imithetho tariqat

Ubukhulu becala bonke abalandeli Naqshbandi baqhelisela dhikr cwaka, oko kukuthi, umthandazo kuthiwa cwaka. Umqambi tariqat wacinga ukuhlonela ubukhazikhazi engazisi oko akufunayo, kunye nokukwazi ukuzikisa isicelo kuThixo ngaphandle amagama - indlela lokwenyaniso kungengokwentlambululo komphefumlo.

Bahauddin ngokwakhe wabumba imigaqo ezintathu zokuqala bakwinkonzo wakhe, ezihlangwini zakhe longeze kubo, wazisa kwabalishumi elinamnye:

• siwazise mzuzu lonke ixesha, niphile kunye nokusetyenziswa;
• quality dhikr;
• ukufumaneka ngokunciphisa dhikr;
• ekuqondeni proximity Allah kaThixo;
• kuze jonga esalelweyo, siphephe izilingo;
• kunjani ngcembe evela eluntwini ngaxeshanye Iletha Allah;
• ukukwazi ukuba ibe phakathi kwabantu kuphela kuThixo;
• ireferensi Allah kuphela ngentliziyo;
• umthandazo kufuneka libizwe kuphela iingcinga Ephakamileyo;
• bavimba iimvakalelo okungagunyaziswanga neemvakalelo;
• izenzo ngokomoya rhoqo.

Le migaqo iyalandelwa unanamhla ingaguqukanga.

Chechnya: awohluke of tariqat

Xa izazi zithi malunga uluntu Chechen Muslim, gama babizwa ngokuba "uluntu Vainakh", edibanisa izizwe ezininzi kunye noluntu.

Ngubani phakathi Vainakh awliya isasazwe kuqala Tariqa Naqshbandi e Chechnya, yaziwa kakuhle. Kwakunye namagama abo baye bamkhonza ngokuthembekileyo ukusasazeka Islam kula mazwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkosana namadoda abangcwele bangena kwezopolitiko ngexesha xa elizayo kwesizwe kwaba sengozini enkulu. Eyokuqala owabakhuphayo iimfundiso Naqshbandi e Chechnya yaba Sheikh Mansour, ovela intsapho eziqhelekileyo, ohlala kwilali entabeni. Kwindawo yokuqala oko kubonwa mlweli nkululeko, uze kuphela bakhumbula ndirongo zakhe zonqulo phambi kwabantu Chechnya.

Tariqat ngeli xesha sele lalingekabunjwa yaye emva kokumiselwa inemisebenzi zayo ezithile ezihamba kanye kulo mmandla. Ngokomzekelo, amalungu oluntu ukunika ukubaluleka elincinane emangcwabeni yabangcwele. Baya kuphinda anqule sona isimilo sazo umseki walo, ngaphezu indawo yakhe yokungcwaba. Tariqa Naqshbandi e Chechnya i ingakumbi Sufism, nto leyo kakhulu kandziyisa ubuntu kunye impumelelo ngokwabo abavela kuwo, kwaye umbuzo wokulandelelana sele minor kuwo onke amalungu oluntu.

Umbuzo tarikats enemisebenzi kakhulu, kodwa siye sazama ukuba uchaze nje ngokuthi nangokucacileyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba zonke ikholwa kufuneka aqonde - kukuba indlela wokukhanya kunye zokuhlanjululwa yeyona njongo iphambili kwaye umvuzo a Muslim.