Ezimbini ifilosofi njengokuba ukukhulelwa yehlabathi ka-mbini

Igama elithi "ezimbini" livela kwigama lesiLatini "ezimbini". Le mfundiso iqulathe ingcamango yokuba kukho eziqala ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ehlabathini. mbini lwabo luboniswa kwi corporeal (material) kunye incarnations zokomoya. Le mbono kwi bulumko eyaziwa ukususela Zaratrusty (628-551 BC) ngubani ekwabelwana okulungileyo nokubi, ibe iindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

Mandulo Greek kwintanda-bulumko kaPlato ngayo ingqiqo mbini lomzimba kunye komphefumlo (ebizwa ngokuba ezimbini yabantu), kwaye eqala ubukho ezimbini khozimologi.Sonke eziqulathwe izimvo ngayo. ifilosofi yaMandulo saphenjelelwa Iran, kuqala kuphuhliswa yi Zarathustra. Wathi ubukho kwihlabathi apho kulungileyo yaye eqaqambileyo umzabalazo othile kunye ububi kunye lisibekele ukuze bazuze igunya phezu yonke kunye imiphefumlo yabantu.

Le ezimbini-bulumko yamandulo iye yakhula ngamandla wavakalisa zokuziphatha, wathunyelwa kwindawo komoya nezinto, nto leyo ke (e-Gnostic), into ke umzimba, yaye ngenxa yoko ihlabathi lu dityanisiwe Ekuthwaseni yobubi. Kwelinye icala, umoya (umphefumlo walo "I" nyulu) eziqala ecocekileyo eliqaqambileyo. Iinkonzo ezininzi kunye neendawo bulumko yobubini yabantu iyaphuhliswa kwaye oko kuqulethwe imfundiso umphefumlo nomzimba kaThixo kunye ngumtyholi.

Philosophy ubuKristu itshabalalisa "ileli uthando nobuhle" uPlato, apho alikukugqibelela izimvo Absolute uyabachasa ihlabathi lokufanayo, lo wadalwa engafezekanga. E ubuKristu, mbini yabantu - yinto ukungavumelani esisiseko kabini yaye luvakalise ukuchasa izono nobuhle awatsho kakhulu ngokucacileyo kwimibhalo Spinoza. Ezimbini ifilosofi baseMpuma ayamkelekanga, njengoko namasiko alo zibandakanya nokuqondana kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi umphefumlo nomzimba, ubukho "yin" yaye "yang" kuyo nayiphi na isenzeko, ngokubini obo buphathekayo kunye ngokomoya.

Njengoko ingqiqo ezimbini kwi-bulumko kwexesha kamva saphuhliswa yi Descartes, ezazisithi ungummeli eliqaqambileyo. Descartes wazalwa eFransi ngo-1596 nge-31 Matshi.

Ubomi nemfundo Descartes iminyaka esibhozo kwenzeka esikolweni wamaJesuit, apho ufumana ulwazi olusisiseko ngokuqhubeka imfundo yabo eNetherlands. Nantso imi ngokupheleleyo endleleni ukufunda imathematika, intanda, physics, amalungu, kunye neenkwenkwezi. ENetherlands, ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe, baye baba nodumo. Udumo okukhulu kuvela emva kokupapashwa "Intetho kwi Indlela". Sebenza le ncwadi kunye nokupapasha kube nzima ukuba uqalise Kwamacala, ngaloo ndlela ukutshintsha igama Descartes bayihlaziye isicatshulwa.

Ehlabathini ncwadi xa kukho Kwiingxoxo ezishushu, kukho inkxalabo encinane Descartes, kuthatha ngaphezu kokuba abasabela ngayo Kwamacala njengoko kutshanje njengoko ekudibaneni lwekhulu 17 18 utshiswe J. Bruno, uGalileo, wasigweba kwaye neqwengiweyo sobulumko ulwimi Vanini, nto leyo ke naye itshiswe. Kamva, imisebenzi Descartes awongwa eFransi heretical kwaye agwetyelwe atshiswe. Descartes uninzi lobomi bakhe Holland. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-54, wafa yinyumoniya, iingqele, eSwitzerland, apho kwanyanzeleka ukuba aye ngesicelo kwiKumkanikazi.

Igama elithi "ezimbini"-bulumko beza kunye wokubhalwa sobulumko German C. Wolff (1679-1749) kwaye sijonge ubukho kunye nentsebenziswano yezinto eziphathekayo lo mgaqo bokomoya ehlabathini umntu. Ukubaluleka inkcaso phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi, igama esetyenziswa yi T. Hyde ngo-1700, ukusebenzisa le ingqiqo kwizinto zonqulo. A intsingiselo efanayo ukuba ingcamango yobubini wanika P. Bayle kunye Leibniz.

Abalandeli kunye nabameli yobubini ephuhliswe kuphando lwabo ingqikelelo ihamba yendawo Descartes, kwakunye nomba uhlobo nobuntu zezibalo, ngengqiqo kunye nejiyometri ahlaziye. imisebenzi bulumko of Spinoza, Kant, Rickert-bulumko mihla - Rorty kunye nezinye zobulumko abaninzi baxhomekeke kwi izigqibo kunye postulates wefilosofi cartesian yobubini.