Yintoni na umlambo? Inxalenye emlanjeni kunye neenkcazelo zawo

River - uhlobo amadama planethi; Umsele esisigxina ezaliswe ngamanzi, nto leyo edakasa indlela yokunciphisa ukuphakama kwayo ngenxa womxhuzulane. Le nkqubo kwi mlambo agcwaliswa yimisinga komhlaba, imvula, amaza, kwaye ukunyibilika kwekhephu (qhwa xa kuwa ulwelo phantsi). amanzi kungaba ukuhamba ezisisigxina nezexeshana, koma ngaphandle lixesha.

Abamelwe yinxalenye komlanjana ;

• umthombo;
• emlonyeni;
• entilini lomfula;
• zigcwala esehewu;
• ithala;
• omlambo emlanjeni.

umthombo

Indawo apho ubomi nayiphi Umlambo uqala ngokuba umthombo. Kwi iimephu le ndawo uchazwa ichaphaza elincinane. Le ndawo unako ukukhonza njengendawo yamanzi ephantsi komhlaba, nto leyo ethe wafumana indlela eya umphezulu, okanye umthombo - ichibi, a kumgxobhozo. Kwakhona rhoqo umthombo inokuba inxalenye apho imilambo ezimbini, kusekwe ngomsonto entsha, eyahlukileyo.

Yonke imilambo abe yabo kwemali. Amalungu emlanjeni (inkqubo umlambo) - bonke athathe indlela yazo ekhethekileyo ngokusekelwe iimpawu umthombo. Ngapha koko, uye nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwezisaleleyo kwindawo kwemali. Kaninzi, le yinxalenye waphuphuma ngexesha izikhukula kunye neempuphuma, ngoko ukuba emthonjeni nawuphi na umzimba wamanzi kufuneka baphaphe kwaye balumke.

emlonyeni

Umfula ugeleza kwindawo ebizwa emlonyeni. Le ndawo apho umlambo uphelisa imisebenzi yayo, ngamanye amazwi, le isiphelo isabelo. River ngokuyimfuneko iwela kwenye umzimba ngamanzi; oko kusenokuba ulwandle, ichibi, ocean, idama okanye omnye umlambo enkulu.

Umlomo amanzi amakhulu unokuba eyayizalwa elikhulu kuxhomekeke kubungakanani wamanzi kunye namandla nokuphuma kwemali. Olu phawu ibizwa ngokuba ogudle umzimba umlambo wamanzi. River inxalenye umbuzo, ibaluleke kakhulu kwezoshishino. Uthando ogudle Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukwakha kumazibuko, nomhlaba kule mimandla kakhulu otyebileyo.

Enye inguqulelo banzi umlomo womlambo ebizwa ngokuba ichweba. Ukwenziwa umlomo loo kungenxa ezike enkulu nolwandle nzulu, apho umlambo zolwelo yhuu. Ukubangela izixa elikhulu lesanti kunye eziqinileyo komlambo, balala emhlabeni wayisithelisa emlonyeni iindawo ezinkulu-isikali amanzi.

Umahluko phakathi ogudle kunye Estuary yokuba ogudle libunjwa enemijelo ezininzi ezincinane, kunye namachweba - eli enye umlambo ngokubanzi.

Umrhoba

River kwintlambo wabiza misinga evuthelweyo kwaye longitudinal ecaleni komlambo ihamba. Luquka ezi zixhobo zilandelayo: channel, ummandla wezandyondyo, Terrace kunye elunxwemeni lokuzalwa.

Kuxhomekeka iintlobo isiqabu, apho ukungena nokuphuma umlambo omlambo, ezizezi intili kunokuba yasezintabeni nezihlambo. A ngobuwena lokuqala ngokubanzi onobunzulu enkulu kunye ububanzi ngokwanelisayo emxinwa, yaye okwesibini, malungana, ebonakala ngu ubunzulu encinane kunye ububanzi enkulu.

River Valley unokuba imilo eyahlukileyo, ogama ukubunjwa kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi: inokuba i iimpawu isiqabu, ukhukhuliseko okanye ukwakhiwa zeengxondorha. Ephuma yezi zinto ukwahlula ezi ndidi zilandelayo: mwonyo linciphise gorge et al.

embhedeni

Eziqhelekileyo - into nzulu, apho amanzi avela ngokuqhubekekayo. Kunokuthatha ngeendlela ezininzi, kangangokuba umlambo ijikajike. Amalungu emlanjeni (ukuba ngqo ngakumbi, ijelo) zinokwahluka kakhulu kuyo yonke indlela. Ezi amagophe ngokuthi ijikajike. Kwakhona, lo ejelo ukutshintsha kangakanani - kwimimandla ezinzulu kwimimandla kuthiwa (ubunzulu ubuninzi - ijelo lomlambo), amancinci - ngokuqhekeka. Xa ukuhamba kwamanzi ziguyiwe kakhulu kwaye ukuwa ukusuka kumphakamo, indawo ebizwa ngokuba engxangxasi.

yezandyondyo

Yezandyondyo - yinxalenye entilini, leyo ebudeni imilambo ezaliswe ngamanzi. Kungqameko wezandyondyo lula ukuba ukuchonga - zikholisa ukuba abe eweni.

Terrace zasebhange original

Kwamaxandeka kweentili unokuba mphandle asinde. Ezi zigaba ngokuthi masimu. Iiplastiki numbers, ukhukhuliseko kunye neentlobo zomhlaba imvelaphi.

Ingcambu Beach - kumjelo umda. Ukwahlula bank ekunene ekhohlo lomlambo.

wokungena kwemali

Nemingenela - a imilambo ezincinane ukuba ingena flow enkulu. Kodwa maxa wambi kukho iimeko: ezincinane ithathwa eziphambili uviko - emlanjeni omkhulu. Amalungu emlanjeni (kwemali), ziza kwicala ukuhamba ngasekunene, wabhekisela nemingenela ekunene, kwicala ekhohlo - ekhohlo.

Lo mlambo ephambili, kunye onke amacandelo zayo zonke nemingenela yawo kuthiwa inkqubo umlambo lowo. enza Inkoliso ummandla wamanzi le nkqubo kuthathwa ukuba abe kwiziko layo, yaye ke yena onika igama ukuba yonke inkqubo umlambo. Ngokuqhelekileyo amagama ababandakanyekayo Hydrology (abaphengululi owayesazi isakhiwo amanzi).

Wonke mfula iimpawu zayo kunye neempawu:

• ubude yomjelo wamanzi - ubude lomlambo ukusuka kumthombo wayo emlonyeni wayo;
• indawo eqokelela amanzi emvula - inani onke amanzi, kunye nemingenela yawo;
• flow lonyaka amanzi - isixa amanzi phezu konyaka;
• network umlambo mninzi - inani nemingenela lomlambo;
• kuwa phantsi nento ithambeka lomlambo.

Inxalenye emlanjeni kunye neenkcazelo zazo thaca kwinqaku; ukukhumbula amagama yaye yintoni na, oko akuyi kuba nzima, kwaye oko kuya kuba luncedo kuye wonke ubani.