Iintlobo mlilo kwiplanethi yethu

Eminyaka, abantu abanomdla lo mkhuba mlilo. Baya zithathwa inkoliso engalindelekanga zezidalwa nemvelo. Ngamanye amaxesha ihlala ngaphandle ebangela nayiphi na ingqalelo, nizele amaxesha onke zephetshana iindaba kunye kakhulu atshintshe indlela yokuphila yabantu umphakathi, mlilo into emangalisa, ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha uzikhumbuze. Yintoni na iintlobo mlilo, kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kweli nqaku.

Yintoni na?

Yintoni mlilo? Igama enemvelaphi yayo yamandulo iyachazwa kwiintsomi yamaRoma - ligama oothixo baseRoma ayenxiba inkosi uthixo umlilo Vulcan. Kwiintsomi zamaGrike, siyafana kuthixo mkhandi Hephaestus.

Ukusuka apho Ngenxa mlilo lwezenzululwazi - asilotyala ziitectonic plates kumphezulu kuqweqwe lomhlaba, yenze iziqina, ephakathi Uqweqwe kunye ezingundoqo surface. Xa ingozi kunye kokusingqongileyo lolu daka ezenziwa mlilo eshushu kunye negesi leyo ukhululekile kuwo fumarole - imingxuma kwi umngxuma mlilo ngeenxa zonke. Dubulo ash sikhatshwe esemoyeni. Lwentaba-, udaka lukhuni, ngoko ke uhlobo yamawa ngeenxa mlilo lahlukile ukusuka uhlobo nezinye iimanyano rock.

Ukulinganisa amandla ukujaduka kuthe usebenzisa isikali okhethekileyo VEI (eng mlilo Explosivity Index.) - isalathiso explosivity mlilo. Isikali ikuhluza dubulo nganye kumanqaku kwiqanda ukuya ezisibhozo, ngokusekelwe ukuphakama ash-intsika kunye nenani ash izikhulu.

zezinto mlilo

Iintlobo mlilo ezahlulwa ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola. Ulwahlulo ilula kwaye ixhaphakileyo isekelwe phezu criteria umsebenzi. Utsho bodwa:

1. mlilo Active, ezibandakanya ezo kokuba ziqhume ukuba babe kwimithombo ethembekileyo yembali.
2. mlilo aleleyo azenzi kwithuba ngexesha zembali, kodwa dubulo leyo bha ngokwenzululwazi.
3. Eziphilayo mlilo, kuqhuma liselikho kwenzeke.

Kwakhona bavelise iintlobo iqhuma, ngokusekelwe ukuma kwabo, umlinganiswa dubulo, uhlobo mngxuma njalo njalo. Kukho mlilo udaka, apho endaweni mlilo zifumaneka kwi ukungcola okubonayo methane, kunye ngaphansi ibekwe emgangathweni wolwandle.

mlilo Active

dubulo nganye sisiganeko ezibalulekileyo etsala ingqalelo zosasazo ezininzi. Ezingasekho mlilo kutsala umdla evela zombini izazinzulu kwicala abatyeleli kunye nabaxhasi zokuphola obukhulu.

Phakathi mlilo kakhulu asebenzayo kubizwa ngokuba mlilo Merapi e Indonesia, Eyjafjallajokull e Iceland, Loa e Hawaii, kwiiPhilippines Tal, Fuego and Santa Maria e Guatemala, Sakurajima eJapan, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Eyaziwa wafumana mlilo blood Mount iEtna, ntshava, iNaples, kaPompeii wazisa ukufa, kwakunye Fuji, ekuthethwa ngawo kwinkcubeko yaseJapan.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, kunye Kilimanjaro - lo mlilo iphezulu ehlabathini nencopho iphakamileyo eAfrika, ibekwe kwinxalenye esempuma belizwekazi. Kilimanjaro ayimiselwanga okwangoku, ithetha ukuba i mlilo, nangona kwakhona esebenzayo ayaziwa.

Intaba-mlilo

mlilo extinct zehlabathi, uluhlu leyo Kanti ngokupheleleyo leesampulu umdla kwizangqa ebanzi ngokufuthi waqonda njengoko entabeni zesiqhelo. iqhuma zabo kwenzeka ngamaxesha ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali, kodwa, ngokutsho kwingcamango yenzululwazi, ukuze yenzeke kwakhona, nangona kunye namathuba encinane. Noko ke, ukubala amathuba oku kungenakwenzeka, naziphi manani enikwe kule nkalo, musa ukuba ezichaphazela ezibalulekileyo.

Phakathi mlilo edume extinct kungathiwa:

• Ararat - mlilo kwimpuma Turkey, inxalenye yenkqubo yentaba ye kwiinduli Armenian. Kuye iikhowuni ezimbini, leyo ibizwa ngokuba Omkhulu kunye Njengomncinane zaseArarati. Large Ararat ngaxeshanye lo kwincopho ithafa liphezulu.
• Aconcagua - lo mlilo iphezulu extinct ehlabathini. Ngelo xesha leyo kwinqanaba eliphezulu Melika (zombini North and South) nencopho liphezulu West kwaye i-Southern saseNtla.
• Elbrus - imithombo emininzi zibhekisela ibe mlilo. Elbrus ise Emantla Greater Caucasus Mountain Range kwaye indawo eliphezulu Russia.
• Kazbek - mlilo kwimpuma ye-Central Caucasus, kumda ophakathi eRashiya ne eGeorgia.
• Karadag - imigodi kunye massif mlilo eCrimea. Igama layo lithetha "intaba black". Karadag uye imigodi eziliqela kunye fumaroles emkhenkceni.

Le yeyona ndlela idumileyo icinyiwe mlilo ehlabathini. Uluhlu uya kwezinye mlilo ezininzi, apho nohlobo ezingenakubalwa.

Sleeping okanye ukufihla?

I Volcanology kucingelwa ukuba kule minyaka ili-100 000 idlulileyo mlilo khange kwaba nakanye, aleleyo. Abanye abaphengululi call kubo a supervolcano. Ezi izigqibo zisekelwe phezu into yokuba mlilo aleleyo zehlabathi kancinane zihlolwe, kodwa igcwele ukujaduka enkulu leyo ngokulula kutshabalalisa inxalenye enkulu yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.

isiphelo

Xa mlilo jikelele, icinyiwe, iyasebenza kwaye aleleyo, kukho abantu abaninzi kangaka. Zizazinzulu kuphakamisa kakhulu imbambano malunga nenani ngqo. Inani kuyohluka 500 ukuya 1700, kuxhomekeke iingongoma ezahlukeneyo zemboniselo, indlela apho iintlobo mlilo bahlukane. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuba ayinakuphikiswa into yokuba mlilo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi babantu, ukhenketho, inkcubeko, abantu, iintsomi. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abe nezinto zendalo iintlekele, ukusuka apho ngqo kuchaphazela abantu ebomini.