Imfundo uthole Environmental kunye nabantwana besikolo eRashiya. Uphuhliso yemfundo ngokusingqongileyo

ingxaki Environmental womntu nohlobo ngalo mzuzu ungxamisekile. Ukongeza, ifuthe kokusingqongileyo iphambili kuluntu kuthatha enkulu kakhulu. umsebenzi kuphela ezidibeneyo zabantu, nto leyo yenziweyo ngokusekelwe ulwazi ngokupheleleyo yonke imithetho yendalo, uya kuba nako ukusindisa umhlaba. Umntu kufuneka aqonde ukuba uyinxalenye yendalo, nokuba kugqiba kubukho nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo. Ukuze siqonde ukubaluleka yemisebenzi yabantu, imfundo zokusingqongileyo kufuneka uqale ukususela kubudala pre-school.

Ukubaluleka kwemfundo lwendalo kokuya esikolweni abantwana

Enkulisa wafudukela imigangatho ezintsha imfundo federal, nto leyo ithetha ukubunjwa abantwana nenkcubeko lokusingqongileyo. Isizukulwana esitsha kufuneka sijonge ngokungakhethe kwi umsebenzi kwezoqoqosho umntu, baze banyamekele indalo. Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo yabantwana zabasakhasayo lubonisa ukuyilwa izakhono ezinjalo.

iimpawu yezengqondo-zokufundiswa lophuhliso lokusingqongileyo

ebuntwaneni uthole kubalulekile kuphuhliso olungaphezulu bomntwana. Kwaba phakathi kwiminyaka yokuqala esixhenxe yobomi ukuyilwa umntwana ngamnye, rhoqo ukuphucula parameters yakhe engqondweni nasemzimbeni, kukusekwa ubuntu ngokupheleleyo-enobugcisa. Ekubekeni ixesha uthole kwenzeka ngonxibelelwano kwezinto eziphilayo. Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo yabantwana abakwiminyaka zabasakhasayo ithetha ukuyilwa kumaxabiso ihlabathi ophilileyo, le ngxaki iya kusonjululwa ngutitshala abancinane.

Imbali kuphuhliso lwemfundo lokusingqongileyo

Ootitshala ngawo onke amaxesha ezihlawulwa evelele indalo njengendlela yophuhliso kunye nemfundo yabantwana zabasakhasayo. utitshala Polish Ya. A. Kamensky ingqalelo kuyo ihlabathi ophilileyo umthombo lokwenene ulwazi, indlela zokuphuhlisa ingqondo yomntwana, uthetha nefuthe izivamvo. utitshala Russian K. D. Ushinsky ecetywayo "ukwazisa abantwana kwihlabathi zendalo," watsho iipropati luncedo kwaye ebalulekileyo yehlabathi ophilileyo, xa kudalwa izakhono zonxibelelwano abasafunda ukuhamba.

imfundo Pre-school yendalo iye kwakubaluleke kakhulu ekubeni phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Kanye ngeli xesha amaWisile kunye nootitshala eyedwa njengeyona ndlela iphambili - ukuyilwa ulwazi ebantwaneni uthole ngehlabathi. Development of yemfundo ngokusingqongileyo kubantwana epriskuli lweminyaka 70-80 kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iindlela ezintsha zokufundisa, kunye nemfundo ecological kokuya esikolweni abantwana kwakhona nithathele ingqalelo nabaqeqeshi kunye nootitshala. Elukhuni inxalenye enkulu yemfundo pre-school, ulwazi olutsha kwakunye nemiqathango sele zenziwe kuyo. imigangatho yemfundo emitsha akhulelwa, leyo negalelo kuphuhliso yengqondo ngempumelelo kokuya esikolweni abantwana.

Iingcali zengqondo A. Wenger, N. Poddyakov A. Zaporozhets isondlo kwaba ukubaluleka kwemfundo kokusingqongileyo yabantwana, ukubaluleka ukufumaneka ukubunjwa emise ngokucacileyo-.

Imfundiso yemfundo ngokusingqongileyo uye wafumana inkxaso ubuninzi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. indawo entsha yemfundo waba akunakwenzeka ngaphandle imfundo esisigxina nokusingqongileyo. , ERashiya kuphuhliswa kuye ingqiqo ezizodwa zemfundo esisigxina esingqongileyo sele, kunye ikhonkco ephambili kule nkqubo yaba indawo yemfundo yamaziko angaphambi kokuya. Eli xesha luphawulwa entsa amatakane yokufumana indalo ngokweemvakalelo, ukuqokelela izimvo malunga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ebomini. Kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka 5-6 yi ukuyilwa iziseko ephambili yokucinga eziphilayo, ukubeka izinto zokuqala inkcubeko eziphilayo.

iinkqubo zombhali kwengqondo kunye nootitshala, ezijolise kuphuhliso xa abantwana ubudlelwane aesthetic ekhoyo kunye nendalo.

Imizekelo yeenkqubo pre-school

Inkqubo SG kunye VI Ashikovyh "Semitsvetik" ingqalelo imfundo kwinkcubeko kunye nezendalo kokuya esikolweni nabantwana, ukwakha babe zizityebi, ukuzeyisa, basibiza ubuntu ngokomoya. Njengoko wayezelwe ubuchule wababhali, abantwana kwimfundo angala yokusingqongileyo ifundisa ukuba bacinge, ukuziva ihlabathi, ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwezinto eziphilayo. Le nkqubo iquka umsebenzi odibeneyo abantwana kokuya esikolweni kunye nabantu abadala enkulisa, usapho, Studios zabantwana.

Njengoko eyodwa ukufunda ukwandisa imimango zabo, bakha umgangatho yokuziphatha nobugcisa. Kukukwazi ukuqonda ubuhle ukuba ukho kwindalo, lifezekisa ngempumelelo imfundo ngokusingqongileyo yabantwana. Le program iye imixholo ezimbini eziphambili: "Mntundini," "Nature". Jonga "Nature" sazisa izikumkani ezine ezikhona Earth: izityalo, iiminerali, izilwanyana, umntu. Phantsi komxholo othi "umntu" abantwana bethetha abaphila nenkcubeko, amaqhawe esizwe abaye bayishiya ihlabathi indima elungileyo.

Inkqubo "Ikhaya Lethu - Nature"

Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo nemfundo yabantwana zabasakhasayo lunokwenzeka kwaye inkqubo EA Ryzhov "Indlu yethu -. indalo" Ijolise ekuphuhliseni ubuchule esebenzayo, umntu nobuntu enkulisa iminyaka, 5-6 ngokuba nembono ebanzi yohlobo ezingqongileyo, ukuqonda kwindawo umntu yakhe eqhelekileyo. imfundo enjalo eziphilayo yabantwana zabasakhasayo inceda abantwana ukuba ufumane imboniselo enenkcukacha ngolwalamano kwindalo, ukuzuza ulwazi sokuqala kokusingqongileyo. Ootitshala abafundisa zihlala ukuba uthathe uxanduva ngempilo, okusingqongileyo. Le program kulindeleke ukuba zokuphuhlisa izakhono kokuqala eyodwa yokuziphatha abanobuchule ekhuselekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla ngemvelo, inxaxheba ebonakalayo abantwana kumsebenzi lwendalo kummandla wabo.

Le nkqubo kuthiwa iiyunithi ezili-10. Nganye inayo amacandelo bakhe akhuliswe kunye nemfundo, ephuhlisa izakhono ezahlukeneyo: isimo sengqondo nenkathalo, nenkathalo, ukukwazi ukubona ubuhle. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha nkqubo enxulumene nendalo engaphefumliyo: umhlaba, umoya, amanzi. iibhloko ezintathu abazinikele ngokupheleleyo zasendle: izityalo, zendalo, izilwanyana. Kukho icandelo yenkqubo ezinxulumene nokusebenzisana phakathi ubume kunye nendoda. Indlela kwemfundo eziphilayo nenkxaso ngendlela yophuhliso lwe uluhlu kolawulo bume asaphuhlayo, kukho iingcebiso ezithile zoqeqesho.

Ugxininiso oluthile kubekwa phezu inkunkuma umbhali ingozi eziveliswa uluntu. Ukuze kids kwanika umdla eklasini, indawo eyodwa kunikwa mabali eziphilayo, amabali zasendle ezingaqhelekanga.

Le nkqubo 'eziphila Young "

Le khosi wadalwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela S. Nikolaev. Ithiyori lokuqala kunye nendlela yemfundo ngokusingqongileyo, abaqhutywa umbhali, iye sub-iinkqubo ezimbini. lilungu elinye uzinikele kuphuhliso lokusingqongileyo abantwana kokuya esikolweni, yaye inxalenye yesibini ibandakanya uqeqesho lootitshala abancinane. Le program yeyona isiseko epheleleyo yeengcingane, indlela esetyenziswayo yemfundo ngokusingqongileyo. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa ngakwicala lokwenziwa, familiarizing abantwana kwizityalo, ukhathalelo isilwanyana. Kids, ukwenza iintlobo ngamava, uyazi yintoni iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze izityalo zikhule kunye nophuhliso. Baya kufunda isakhiwo langa, imithetho yendalo. ulwazi kwemvelo ingcamango yombhali, kufuneka ibe yindlela wokusungula uthando kwindalo, abemi umhlaba wethu.

abafundi imfundo Environmental sele zasasazeka kakhulu kwimimandla emininzi eRashiya. Ngokusebenza kunye bume kunye nootitshala, kukho iindlela ukuba uthathe ingqalelo iimeko zentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo endawo ukuvumela ukuba ndinimisele izithethe zesizwe.

AmaWisile inxaxheba kwimfundo zabasakhasayo, baqonde ukubaluleka zokufaka engqondweni inkcubeko ecological besebancinane zabasakhasayo.

Ukwakhelwa in Education Environmental

Naliphi na iziko, kubandakanywa zokusingqongileyo, ezisebenzisa iindlela ezithile. Imfundo zonke ngeenxa zonke uphuhliso lwabantwana zabasakhasayo wenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngempumelelo kakhulu ukwazisa abantwana nemvelo. Kids ezinomdla yonke ngezenzeko zendalo: ikhephu, imvula, umnyama. Umboneleli kufuneka ukuphuhlisa isakhono ukwakhelwa ngezenzeko zendalo. Kwaba yemfanelo zakhe ziquka inculcation uthando ukuya imigqaliselo, izakhono malunga izilwanyana kunye nezityalo inkathalo. Utitshala kuchazela abadlali bakhe ukubaluleka lokunakekela eziphilayo, ukunyamezelana izityalo umonakalo, izilwanyana. Undoqo lokuqaphela sikuko ulwazi izinto zendalo ngoncedo ezibonwayo, nezihlwabisayo, ukuqgiba, ivumba eziviwayo. Ngokugcina utitshala ufundisa abantwana ukuba ukuqaqambisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo izinto zendalo, ukukhangela uqhagamshelwano ziyaphila kunye nendalo engaphiliyo, ukwahlula phakathi izilwanyana, izityalo.

ubonwa Utitshala kubonisa umsebenzi elilungelelanisiweyo ejolise isifundo elide nebanzi yabantwana ngezenzeko zendalo.

Njengoko injongo wothantamiso uphuhliso lwezakhono, imfundo. ulwalathiso Environmental e preschools ezininzi yakhethwa ephambili, nto leyo eqinisekisa ngqo ngokubaluleka kwayo nokufaneleka.

Psychologist S. Rubinstein ikholelwa ukuba kusakhelwa kubangelwa ukucinga ngoko wabona umntwana kwizimanga zendalo. Ngoko ke inkqubo ye mazwi imfundo, uluvo bokusingqongileyo into awayibonayo. K. D. Ushinsky wayeqinisekile ukuba ukubonakala, leyo olwahlula inkqubo lokuqaphela, umnika ukwanela kunye nokusebenza. Ezahlukahlukeneyo loqheliso abantwana wanikela iminyaka 4-6 ubudala, kusekelwa kumkhanya, igalelo kuphuhliso ukucinga, ngokuqaphela, ingqondo. Kunzima ukucinga ngaphandle kweliso nayiphi na imfundo pre-school: eziphilayo, yokuziphatha, yokuluka.

EI Teacher Tiheeva wayecinga ukuba eklasini, nto leyo ethetha esweni, uncedo ubumbe amatakane intetho. Kutitshala lifikelele injongo, usebenzisa iindlela ezizodwa ukwenzela ukuba ukuhlela luvo esebenzayo abafundi. Utitshala ubuza umbuzo esibandakanya uphando, uthelekiso, ukumisela unxibelelwano phakathi iziganeko ezahlukeneyo izibhambathiso zasendle. Xa kuquka kumsebenzi izivamvo bonke oonyana bakhe, ngokuqaphela ivumela ukuba ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Le nkqubo ithetha igxile ingqalelo, kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba utitshala kufuneka ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo ixesha, umxholo we sifundo.

It kukuqwalasela eyodwa ukufunda ngendalo, izinto zayo agcinwe. Eziphathekayo,, imifanekiso ecacileyo ekhumbulekayo, umntwana uyasibona ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke zezi zakhono uya kusebenzisa kamva ebomini: eklasini, ngexesha amaphulo.

Yintoni kukubaluleka esweni zemfundo ecological kokuya esikolweni abantwana

Le ndlela ibonisa ukuba amatakane bayancokola kunye neyantlukwano zehlabathi ophilileyo, ulwalamano phakathi iinjongo zayo. Xa isicelo systemic lokuqaphela, abantwana bafunde ukukhangela indlela iinkcukacha, utsaleleka utshintsho encinane kunye ukuphuhlisa amandla abo lokuqaphela. Le ndlela ivumela ukuyilwa incasa yobuhle ebantwaneni, kuchaphazela nombono zabo neemvakalelo zehlabathi. Utitshala usebenza kunye nabantwana usebenzisa ezahlukeneyo iindidi kokuma. Ukuqonda mazwi asebenza:

• kuba umbono evela amatakane malunga neendidi zezilwanyana nezityalo zehlabathi;
• afundiswa ukuqaphela uhlobo izinto;
• Fundisa iimpawu njengoko uhlobo into;
• ukuvelisa izimvo malunga uphuhliso, ukwanda lezilwanyana kunye nezityalo;
• ukubona iinkcukacha zotshintsho ngamaxesha yokusingqongileyo

Kuba indlela ukuba kakhulu, utitshala ilungiselela izinikezelo ezongezelelweyo. Ukudala izicelo ezivela kwiindawo ngamnye, ukulolonga izilwanyana, ukunceda ukuba baqonde ulwazi zifunyenwe ngexesha mkhanya enkulisa.

uphononongo oluthatha ixesha elide elide efanelekileyo yabantwana iminyaka 5-6. Guys ukuhlalutya ukukhula, uphuhliso kwisityalo, utshintsho ekwanti, chonga iimfano neeyantlukwano phakathi iintlobo sokuqala nesokugqibela zezityalo.

Imigqaliselo Long-term ucebisa uviwo eneenkcukacha ngolwalamano phakathi kwezityalo kunye neendawo zokuhlala zazo, kwakunye uhlalutyo ukomelela morphological kwaye zisebenza. Ngaphandle esweni rhoqo kunye nenkxaso khankatha ukhetho onjalo akayi kuyitshabalalisa iziphumo lokuqaphela.

Modern yemfundo yamaziko angaphambi kokuya: eziphilayo, yokuziphatha, ubuciko, kokuya esikolweni ukhetha ngokwayo. Ezinye eziguqulweyo zibekelwe ukuba iqela ngalinye indlela yayo yophuhliso, okanye ezisetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo.

Ukuba ugxininiso pre-school yi kuphuhliso eziphilayo abantwana, le program ekhethiweyo. Oku kubandakanya ukubeka imigaqo ecacileyo, iinjongo. injongo ethile, kuqwalaselwa awohluke ubudala kunye nophuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni kwabantwana.

Iingxaki kufuneka kuqwalaselwe yemfundo, ingqalelo umsebenzi engqondweni yabantwana zabasakhasayo, imfuneko ukufumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo ethile ebuzwa ngutitshala ngethuba lekhosi.

Uphando olwenziwe iisayikholojisti umntwana, waqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwemfundo systemic kokusingqongileyo. Kids, simazi kwabaphilileyo ihlabathi ezintweni kwiminyaka 3-4, silungelelanise ngokukhawuleza ukufunda esikolweni, musa befumana ubunzima ukunxibelelana kunye noontanga babo, kufuneka intetho elungileyo, inkumbulo kunye nengqalelo. Ulwazi olufunyenwe enkulisa, kokuya esikolweni nokuzinzisa, shicilelo, nokumisa izifundo kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi. GEF, wazisa kwimfundo yabantwana abancinane, iquka uluhlu abantwana concepts eziziziqalelo sites zasendle.

Ukuphumeza oku japan asondezwayo iindlela ezahlukeneyo kwemfundo eziphilayo yabantwana.

ubuchule Surveillance for eyodwa

Iveki ikhosi familiarization abantwana kunye notshintsho ngamaxesha yokusingqongileyo wadala S. N. Nikolaevoy. Umbhali unika nyanga nganye iveki enye ukubona ngemozulu:

1. Uhlalutyo Daily sezulu.
2. imithi uphathe kunye namatyholo, isiciko emhlabeni.
3. Bukela izilwanyana makanyebeleze kwikona abancinane.
4. ukugcwalisa mihla le khalenda yendalo.

S. N. Nikolaevoy ndlela iquka ukubana of "iiveki lokuqaphela" nyanga nganye iveki enye. Ngenxa yoko, liqulunqe imephu yemozulu, apho abafana sihlaziye utshintsho isilwanyana, ihlabathi imifuno. Ngexesha lokujongwa yemozulu, abantwana cell izenzakalo ezithile, isigqibo namandla. Xa befunda imozulu, babeye banikele ingqalelo parameters ezintathu ukufumanisa imeko zezulu kunye nohlobo kwezulu, ngesidanga ubushushu okanye ebandayo, ubukho okanye ukungabikho yomoya.

Ezo ujongo lwamihla le utshintsho kwimozulu, utitshala acwangcise a ezahlukeneyo, eliphilileyo, umdla abantwana zange ndinciphe, kodwa yanyuka. Oku "Iveki Environmental" - ithuba elikhulu ukubethelela uthando wendalo, ukujikelezisa iimbono malunga namaxesha kunye neempawu zazo.

isiphelo

Abo ulwazi malunga nemeko eya kuba ukufumana abantwana ngexesha ngokuqwalasela limalunga, izigqibo, amava, ukunceda abantwana baqonde ezahlukeneyo zokuphila kunye nehlabathi engaphili. Iiklasi orientation eziphilayo lwenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukusebenza komzimba, awohluke ngokwasengqondweni ubudala kokuya esikolweni kuya kunceda abantwana ukuba simazi ngezimanga zendalo, baqonde ukubaluleka kwabo, injongo. Umntwana, ukuqalela kwimfundo yabantwana yasekuqaleni babeqhele ukuba umthande, ukwazisa indalo, soze kunqunyulwa phantsi imithi namatyholo, ukuwathuthumbisa izilwanyana, khetha iintyatyambo. Imfundo ngokusiNgqongileyo - yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemfundo pre-school. Iintlobo ngeentlobo ubuchule eziphuhliswe kwengqondo kunye kwezenkolo, ukunceda ekufundiseni uthando elizayo yokuqala imithi, iintyatyambo, iintaka, izilwanyana, iintlanzi. In pre-izikolo ezininzi ukuba imfundo yokusingqongileyo kumisa kwimimandla yabo okwabo. Ukunyamekela nabemi bawo kunegalelo ukuyilwa inkcubeko eziphilayo.