Yintoni na le ebekufudulwa kwingcingane yokuhlalisana

Le mbono "lo wesiqhelo" yaye siqala ifilosofi positivist yesayensi G. Bergman, kodwa waziwa emva kokupapashwa T. Kuhn izenzo zabo zenzululwazi nentanda-bulumko ngokubanzi. Yena wanikela imbono yakhe revolution yenzululwazi nje kotshintsho - ezinye izikhokelo sengqiqo kunye nemiqathango yokuqala elawula inzululwazi kwixesha elithile nembali. Ngoko ke yintoni na le nguquko kwinzululwazi? Phantsi le ngcamango ibhekisa ingqibelelo iyonke iinkolelo zenzululwazi, imilinganiselo kunye nendlela zesifundo, ezamkelwa nezesayensi.

nombono Psychological kwi ingcamango "nguquko". Ukumiselwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo

Ngokumalunga inzululwazi bengqondo kunye nemithetho ukubonakaliswa yayo kwasekwa iindlela ezintathu malunga impendulo yalo mbuzo: "Yintoni ebekufudulwa bengqondo?".

Indlela yokuqala sikuko yokuba lo nenzululwazi yendalo doparadigmalnoy entsimini ulwazi, njengokuba yipharadaym yenzululwazi okwangoku yaphuhliswa.

Kule ndlela yesibini, iisayikholojisti bakholelwa inzululwazi multiparadigmality, ekubeni yayiyimini kwasekwa paradigms ezininzi - psychoanalytic, behaviorist, nabantu, cognitivist kunye nabanye.

Indlela yesithathu luphawulwa yile yokuba ngengqondo kuthathwa vneparadigmalnoy inzululwazi, kuba ingqiqo ka "lo wesiqhelo" alisebenzi kule ntsimi.

Eyoluntu paradigms nenzululwazi zendalo bengqondo

Nesazi-nzulu esidumileyo German UWilhelm Dilthey ekwabelwana bengqondo ecacisiweyo kwi ngaphezulu bayavumelana ukuba iindlela yeeSayensi ngqo, nezichazayo okanye ukuqonda. Le mbono yeentlobo ezimbini inzululwazi efanelekileyo namhlanje.

Iindlela kunye nobuchule ulwazi psyche lwabantu ayenziwa kuxoxwa ngazo bengqondo, yaye le ngxaki ayikho na isisombululo elinye. Echaza le meko, B. ekwenzeni ukubhala ukuba bengqondo Sisoloko sisiva, ingakumbi kubameli yeeSayensi ngqo, kwengqondo ayikho isayensi, ekubeni akukho imithetho eqondile ngokungqongqo iindlela lwenzululwazi uphando. Nangona kunjalo, kwelinye icala, kamsinya nje kwengqondo aqalile luxakeke ngeendlela zezibalo ukuchaza iinkqubo ngengqondo, bafuna ukususa semthethweni, kuvela amabango nkqu kwicala lezingluntu - nithi, psyche womntu sinzima kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba semthethweni. Le meko efanayo sinako ukubona kanye kwingcingane.

Abachasi ndlela scientistic umzekelo psychoanalysis bakhokela njengoko. Njengoko Kizhi odumileyo kwakhiwa ngaphandle isikhonkwane olunye, kunye nokwakhiwa izinto psychoanalytic kwi bengqondo yakhiwa ngaphandle umqondiso eyodwa zezibalo. Iingxoxo abaxhasi ezi ndlela nangoku kwenzekani.

Ingcamango ebekufudulwa yokuhlalisana

Ukuze uqonde into ebekufudulwa kwabantu, ufanele wazi ukuba ngokunxulumene ingqikelelo 'lo wesiqhelo "kule inzululwazi kuphuhlisa ezifana le meko ichazwe ngasentla. Ekubeni kwabantu kukho inani beengcamango ezisisiseko, kanye bengqondo, ekunokuthiwa "multiparadigmality" inzululwazi yayo, oko kukuthi, ingqeqesho yenzululwazi okuye paradigms ezininzi. Ukuhlola imeko yayo ngoku; abadumileyo isazi GV Osipov iqaphele inani kwezikim ezinkulu zisekelwe iingcamango ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze Durkheim, Marx, B. Skinner, M. Weber.

Impendulo ezahlukeneyo kancinane lo mbuzo: "? Yintoni wenguqulo" ingafunyanwa kwi ncwadi lwezenhlalo aphesheya. Umzekelo, Giddens ubona nje paradigmatic iithiyori zenzululwazi uKarl Marx, Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber. Kunye nale, awukwazi ukuthetha malunga eninzi paradigms e kwabantu, kodwa ababini kuphela - bamandulo mihla. kwabantu abaninzi amazwe bathi echaza ngokunxulumene uhlobo nokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ixesha langoku iinkqubo zentlalo kunye Ngoncedo zilungiso theoretical component izazinzulu of kwiinkulungwane zangaphambili akusekho kunokwenzeka. Ngoko ke, lo lotshintsho wadala umfanekiso ezikhona zentlalo, iimbono zabo eluntwini kufuneka abe nenguqulelo entsha lwezenhlalo.